纳米山药多糖结肠靶向微生态调节剂对菌群失调大鼠胃肠激素的影响

目的研究纳米山药多糖结肠靶向微生态调节剂对肠道菌群失调模型大鼠胃肠激素的影响。方法以i.g盐酸林可霉素造成肠道菌群失调模型,将大鼠随机分成正常组,阳性对照组,纳米山药多糖高、中、低剂量组,自然恢复组和模型组。以水合氯醛对大鼠进行麻醉,应用放射性免疫法对各组大鼠的血清及结肠组织的血管活性肠肽、胃动素、生长抑素和P物质四种胃肠激素进行测定。结果与模型组相比较,纳米山药多糖高、中剂量组能够降低血管活性肠肽、胃动素、生长抑素和P物质的含量,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且恢复到正常水平。结论纳米山药多糖结肠靶向微生态调节剂能够恢复血管活性肠肽、胃动素、生长抑素和P物质四种胃肠激素的正常水平,具有调节胃肠道动力,促使胃肠道的正常收缩和改善胃肠道对水和电解质运输的能力。     

山药多糖对大鼠糖尿病肾病的治疗作用

目的：探讨山药多糖治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病的作用。方法：将sD大鼠40只随机分为4组（n=10）：对照组、模型组、苯那普利组和山药多糖组。复制糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,实验第10周统一处死大鼠,测定大鼠肾重／体重、血糖（Bs）、血脂及肾功能。结果：山药多糖能显著降低肾重／体重、血糖（BS）和血脂,改善肾功能。结论：山药多糖具有治疗糖尿病肾病的作用。     

黄连素对糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的治疗作用

目的:探讨黄连素对链脲佐菌素所致糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的治疗作用。方法:采用链脲佐菌素腹腔注射的方式建立大鼠糖尿病模型,将实验大鼠分为5组:分别为模型组、黄连素低(100 mg/kg)、黄连素中(200 mg/kg)、黄连素高(300 mg/kg)剂量组和阳性对照组(二甲双胍:50 mg/kg),每组10只。另取10只正常大鼠作为正常组。黄连素低、中、高剂量组小鼠每天分别灌胃100、200和300 mg/kg黄连素;对照组每天灌胃二甲双胍50 mg/kg;正常组和模型组每天给予相同体积的生理盐水进行灌胃; 1次/天,连续灌胃4周。通过测定大鼠血FBG、果糖胺水平,OGTT实验,胰岛素(FINS)水平,并计算大鼠胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)来评价黄连素对糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗作用。结果:与正常组相比,给药前模型组大鼠静脉血FBG含量显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,给药2周及以后给药4周后阳性对照组、黄连素中剂量组和高剂量组大鼠静脉血FBG含量均显著下降(P<0.05);给药4周后,阳性对照组、黄连素低、中、高剂量组OGTT实验结果显示在不同时间节点的血糖值均显著低于模...     

PCR-DGGE法测定纳米山药多糖靶向制剂对大鼠肠道菌群失调的调整作用

目的采用PCR-DGGE法探讨纳米山药多糖靶向制剂对肠道微生态失调模型大鼠的调节作用。方法以i.g盐酸林可霉素造成大鼠结肠炎模型,将大鼠随机分成常规治疗组,靶向制剂组和自然恢复组,分别给予相应药物治疗。灌胃10d后处死所有大鼠,采集盲肠内容物,提取总DNA,PCR-DGGE方法检测样本菌群DNA。将所有数据收集得到DGGE凝胶,采用Quantity One软件进行相似性和多样性分析,观察纳米山药多糖靶向制剂对肠道微生态失调大鼠的治疗效果。结果样本提取总DNA浓度值(ng/μL)分别为:靶向制剂组(0.180±0.005)和常规治疗组(0.175±0.006)高于自然恢复组(0.072±0.001)(P0.05),与正常水平(0.182±0.006)相近;DGGE的多样性指数分析结果为:靶向组(23.95±2.36)和常规治疗组(24.00±1.68)的条带丰富度大于自然恢复组(19.57±2.52),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)且接近正常对照组(25.87±2.10)。结论纳米山药多糖靶向制剂组对肠道微生态失调大鼠具有显著的调整作用,是理想的中药微生态调节剂。     

绞股蓝多糖对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾功能的保护作用及其机制研究

目的:探讨绞股蓝多糖对糖尿病大鼠肾功能的影响及其保护的可能机制。方法:采用大鼠高脂高糖饲料结合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病模型。灌胃给予绞股蓝多糖8周后,测定大鼠空腹血糖(FBG),血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、24 h尿量及尿蛋白等指标;组织病理切片观察肾形态,肾小球体积;Western blot法检测肾皮质NF-κB的表达。结果:绞股蓝多糖(GPS)可剂量依赖性的降低DN组的FBG、血肌酐、24 h尿量和尿蛋白;但血尿素氮模型组与GPS组无统计学差异;中、高剂量GPS治疗后,肾脏指数较模型组明显降低(P0.05);与模型组(149.8±12.2%)比较,高剂量GPS可抑制肾小球体积肥大至108.9±9.6%。进一步研究发现,GPS可剂量依赖性的降低DN组肾脏NF-κB蛋白的表达,高、中剂量组水平与模型组相比有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:绞股蓝多糖对实验性糖尿病肾病具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制肾炎症相关通路NF-κB的表达有关。     

蒲公英多糖对小鼠肠道微生态的调节作用

目的探索蒲公英多糖对小鼠肠道微生态的调节作用。方法测定蒲公英多糖总糖含量及单糖组成。将小鼠分为正常组、模型组、阳性组和给药组(A1~A7),使用林可霉素灌胃制备肠道菌群失调模型,观察蒲公英多糖对小鼠一般状况、体重、肠道菌群、血清内毒素、小肠黏液s Ig A和血清IL-2的影响。结果蒲公英7组多糖中,相对分子质量100 000和6 000~10 000部分占总糖比例最高(86.40%)。经蒲公英多糖实验性治疗后,小鼠一般状况改善,体重有所增加,小鼠肠道内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量增加,肠杆菌和肠球菌数量减少。与模型组比较,给药组外周血内毒素含量减少(P0.01)、小肠黏液s Ig A和血浆IL-2含量均增加(P0.05),其中尤以A1、A2、A6组增加明显(P0.01)。结论蒲公英多糖能够改善林可霉素致小鼠肠道菌群失调,具有微生态调节作用。     

应用PCR-DGGE法评价石斛多糖对肠道微生态失调的调节作用

目的 从微生态学角度研究石斛多糖治疗肠道微生态失调小鼠的作用及初步机制.方法 盐酸林可霉素灌胃制备肠道菌群失调小鼠模型,应用石斛多糖进行治疗,同时设正常对照组、丽珠肠乐组、阴性对照组,给药7d后处死小鼠,应用PCR-DGGE法检测肠道菌群丰富度、血清IL-2.结果 应用盐酸林可霉素灌胃3d后,小鼠肠道菌群丰富度、血清IL-2降低,持续治疗7d后,石斛多糖治疗小鼠肠道菌群丰富度、血清IL-2增高.结论 石斛多糖具有扶植肠道正常菌群生长,调整菌群失调,提高机体免疫力的作用.     

马齿苋多糖对肠道微生态失调小鼠的调整作用研究

目的研究应用马齿苋多糖对肠道微生态失调小鼠进行调整治疗,达到从微生态学角度防治感染的目的。方法应用林可霉素灌胃建立肠道微生态失调小鼠模型,然后用马齿苋多糖进行治疗,同时设正常对照组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,于给药7 d后处死小鼠,进行肠道菌群定量、肠内容物挥发性脂肪酸检测及肠黏膜电镜观察。结果林可霉素灌胃3 d后,小鼠肠道菌群失调,肠内容物挥发性脂肪酸含量明显下降,肠黏膜损伤严重。持续7 d治疗后,治疗组小鼠肠道双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量明显上升,肠内容物挥发性脂肪酸含量明显上升,损伤的肠黏膜基本修复。结论应用林可霉素可以成功建立肠道微生态失调动物模型;马齿苋多糖具有扶植肠道正常菌群生长,调整菌群失调,防治感染的作用,是理想的中药微生态调节剂。     

人参皂甙Rg3对糖尿病肾病大鼠生化指标及病理的影响

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3对糖尿病肾病大鼠生化指标及病理改变的影响。方法:30只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、模型对照组和人参皂甙Rg3组。采用链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病肾病大鼠模型。造模成功后,Rg3治疗组每天以Rg3(0.5mg/kg)灌胃,余予以等量蒸馏水灌胃。30天后分别测3组大鼠血糖、24小时尿蛋白、血肌酐,并予以HE染色行肾组织活检。结果:与正常组比较,模型对照组大鼠血糖、24小时尿蛋白、血肌酐明显升高,肾小球体积增大,基底膜增厚、细膜基质增多,肾小球内炎细胞浸润(P0.01)。与模型对照组比较,人参皂甙Rg3组血糖、24小时尿蛋白、血肌酐明显降低,肾小球基底膜增厚程度减轻,细胞外基质堆积减少,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。结论:人参皂甙Rg3能显著降低糖尿病大鼠血糖、血肌酐、24 h尿蛋白,能改善其肾脏的病理损害。     

马齿苋多糖对肠道微生态失调小鼠血内毒素含量及肝脏细菌易位的影响

目的探讨马齿苋多糖对肠道微生态失调小鼠血内毒素含量及肝脏细菌易位的影响。方法应用盐酸林可霉素灌胃建立肠道微生态失调小鼠模型,然后用马齿苋多糖进行治疗,同时设正常对照组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,于给药7 d后处死小鼠,进行血内毒素含量测定及细菌易位检测。结果盐酸林可霉素灌胃3 d后,小鼠肠道菌群失调、血内毒素含量增加、肝脏有肠杆菌易位。用马齿笕多糖治疗7 d后,血内毒素含量降低、肝脏肠杆菌数量减少。结论马齿笕多糖对肠道微生态失调小鼠血内毒素含量及肝脏细菌易位具有调整作用。     

金樱子提取液对糖尿病肾病大鼠的肾脏保护作用

目的:研究金樱子提取液对糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy,DN)大鼠的肾脏保护作用。方法:在高糖高脂饲料喂食SD(Sprague-Dawley)大白鼠的基础上腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,随机分为糖尿病肾病模型组(DN组)和金樱子治疗组(DN+RLM组),同时另设正常对照组(NC组)和金樱子对照组(NC+RLM组)。检测金樱子提取液对各组大鼠血糖(fasting blood-glucose,FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated haemoglobin,GHb)、24小时尿微量白蛋白和尿量、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及肾脏结构的影响。结果:与DN大鼠相比,糖尿病肾病大鼠经金樱子提取液治疗后,大鼠FBG、GHb水平、24 h尿微量白蛋白、24 h尿量、肾脏指数明显降低,血脂紊乱、肾功能损害以及DN肾脏病理明显改善,且无明显副作用。结论:金樱子提取液可明显降低DN大鼠血糖,改善DN大鼠血脂、肾功能紊乱及肾脏病理变化,对糖尿病大鼠肾脏具有较强的保护作用。     

Comparative hypoglycemic and nephroprotective effects of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil and rice bran oil against hyperglycemia induced nephropathy in type 1 diabetic rats

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication confronted by patients with diabetes. Available data indicate that the development of DN is linked to hyperglycemia. Tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil (PO) and rice bran oil (RBO) has been shown to lower the blood glucose level in patients and preclinical animal models. This study was designed to investigate if TRF from PO and RBO could improve the renal function in DN by the virtue of their hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. Male Wistar rats having an average body weight (bw) 250 g were divided into four groups of six each .The first group served as diabetic control [injected with 55 mg/kg bw of streptozotocin (STZ), intraperitoneally], while the second and third group received PO-TRF and RBO-TRF, respectively, by gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw/day, over a period of 8 weeks post-induction of diabetes. The fourth group comprised of age-matched male Wistar rats that received single intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only and served as control. After 8 weeks of STZ injection and TRF treatment, 24 h urine was collected and animals were sacrificed. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, biochemical markers of renal function and oxidative stress were evaluated in serum, urine and kidney tissue. The results show that treatment with PO-TRF as well as RBO-TRF significantly improved the glycemic status and renal function in type 1 diabetic rats but PO-TRF afforded greater efficiency at similar dose as compared to RBO-TRF. In conclusion, PO-TRF was found to be more effective hypoglycemic and nephroprotective agent in DN than RBO-TRF.     

早期糖尿病肾病大鼠模型磁共振弥散加权成像的初步研究

目的:探讨早期糖尿病肾病(Diabetic nephropathy,DN)模型大鼠磁共振弥散加权成像(Diffusion Weight Imaging,DWI)肾实质ADC值变化规律。方法:将20只清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分成两组,糖尿病肾病组(DN组)12只,正常对照组(NC组)8只;DN组给予60 mg/kg链尿佐菌素腹腔注射诱导糖尿病肾病模型,NC组按照相同方法、相同剂量柠檬酸缓冲液腹腔注射;并对最终糖尿病模型造模成功并且存活的8只DN大鼠、8只NC大鼠进行MRI扫描,包括常规轴位T1WI、T2WI扫描及DWI扫描;扫描结束后收集血液送血肌酐及双肾组织进行病理检查。并测量每只大鼠双肾皮、髓质的ADC值。结果:造模后,DN组大鼠血糖明显升高、尿量明显增加、体重明显减低,DN组大鼠肾脏出现不同程度病理损伤,符合早期DN病理改变。DN组大鼠肾脏皮、髓质ADC值分别为1.522±0.913×10^-3 mm^2/s、1.268±0.388×10^-3 mm^2/s,较NC组肾脏皮、髓质ADC值1.276±0.341×10^-3 mm^2/s、1.011±0.217×10^-3 mm^2/s增高,两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:DWI成像ADC值可能反映早期糖尿病肾病肾脏功能的变化。     

川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用研究

为观察川陈皮素对糖尿病肾病的治疗作用,本研究选用120只SD大鼠适应性喂养2周后分为正常组(20只)和糖尿病肾病造模组(100只),成功构建糖尿病肾病模型后选取50只,分为模型组,川陈皮素低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组以及阳性药物贝那普利组,每组10只,治疗6周后处死,收集尿液检测24h-尿量和24h-尿蛋白,收集血液检测血糖、胰岛素、血脂、肾功能指标和炎性因子的变化特点,收集肾脏检测肾脏病理学以及肾脏组织中凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3表达水平。结果显示,模型组有明显肾小球增大、部分系膜增生和间质纤维化,相较于模型组,贝那普利组和川陈皮素三个剂量组肾小球病变减轻;与模型组相比,贝那普利组和川陈皮素低、中、高剂量组UCr、24h蛋白尿、BUN、Scr、血糖、TG、TC、IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α明显降低(P<0.05),胰岛素含量明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,贝那普利组和川陈皮素低、中和高剂量组Bax和Caspase-3明显降低(P<0.05),Bcl-2明显升高(P<0.05)。上述研究表明,川陈皮素对糖尿病肾脏损害大鼠肾功能具有明显的保护作用。     

STZ诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠模型的建立

目的建立糖尿病大鼠动物模型,探讨其肾脏损害规律。方法用STZ65mg/kg一次性腹腔内注射方式制作糖尿病大鼠模型,设立空白对照组,饲养14周,期间观察大鼠血糖、尿糖及一般情况变化,实验结束时测定血肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白、尿白蛋白排泄率,取肾作病理及超微病理检查。结果模型组大鼠出现血肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白、尿白蛋白明显升高,出现肾脏肥大,病理显示明显的肾小球、肾小管病变。结论STZ诱导糖尿病大鼠肾脏表现肾小球及小管间质损害,可以用作糖尿病肾病研究的动物模型。     

不同干预方式预防大鼠造影剂肾病的比较研究

目的:对比等渗氯化钠水化、碳酸氢钠水化、大剂量他汀、小剂量他汀、大剂量他汀加等渗氯化钠水化五种干预方式对大鼠造影剂肾病的预防效果,探讨各自的优势及不足,为临床预防造影剂肾病提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取SD大鼠105只,随机分为7组,每组15只。A组:均为肾功能正常的健康大鼠;B组:即对照组,未给予任何干预方法;L组:采用等渗氯化钠水化干预;T组:采用碳酸氢钠水化干预;S1组:服用大剂量他汀;S2组:服用小剂量他汀;(S1+L)组:服用大剂量他汀加等渗氯化钠水化。干预48小时后测定各组大鼠的尿素氮(BUN)及肌酐(Cr)水平,并与与未给予干预组进行比较。结果:①S1、S2、(S1+L)三组的BUN和Cr水平均低于B组、L组及T组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);②S1组、S2组及(S1+L)组之间相互比较,BUN和Cr水平无明显差异(P0.05);③L组与T组之间比较BUN和Cr水平,差别无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:他汀类药物预防造影剂肾病能够起到一定的作用,但其最终机制尚未明确,我们需在今后的临床实践中进一步研究证实。     

Intestinal disaccharidases and some renal enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed sapogenin extract from bitter yam (Dioscorea polygonoides)

In this study, the effects of bitter yam sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin on intestinal disaccharidases and some renal enzymes in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1% sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for 3 weeks. Plasma glucose, intestinal disaccharidases and the activities of transaminases, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were assessed for the level of metabolic changes in the kidney of diabetic rats. Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in lactase and maltase activities in all three regions of the intestine compared to the diabetic control group. However, the test diets significantly reduced intestinal sucrase activity in the proximal and mid regions. Test diets supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the activities of the transaminases compared to the normal and diabetic control groups. The activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was significantly increased while the activities of ATP citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the kidney of the diabetic control rats compared to the normal group. Test diets supplementation did not significantly alter glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities compared to the diabetic control. However, there was a significant increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity toward the normal group. In conclusion, the consumption of bitter yam sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin demonstrated hypoglycemic properties, which are beneficial in diabetes by reducing intestinal disaccharidases activities; however, bitter yam sapogenin extract may adversely affect the integrity of kidney membrane.     

Nephro-protective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and the major cause of end-stage renal failure. Consequences of diabetic nephropathy include increased kidney size and glomerular volume, thickening of basement membranes and progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Reports in the literature support an association between increased secretion of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, growth factors and metalloproteinases, and development of diabetic nephropathy. We investigated the potential of granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a therapeutic candidate for preventing diabetic nephropathy. We used 21 8-week-old male rats; 14 were administered a single dose of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. The rats were divided into three groups of seven: group 1, control; group 2, diabetic; group 3, diabetic plus G-CSF treatment. After 4 weeks, immunoexpressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), Akt and CD34 levels were measured in the kidney tissue. Blood glucose, urine protein and the glomerular area also were measured for each group. We found that G-CSF treatment decreased TGF-β1 immunoexpression, urine protein and glomerular area in kidneys of diabetic rats, and increased CD 34 and Akt immunoexpression in kidneys of diabetic rats. The effects of G-CSF were independent of blood glucose levels. G-CSF may be a useful therapeutic agent for preventing diabetic nephropathy.     

中西医结合治疗对便秘型肠易激综合征和功能性消化不良重叠患者肠道微生态的影响

目的 探讨中西医结合治疗对便秘型肠易激综合征（IBS-C）和功能性消化不良（FD）重叠患者肠道微生态的影响。方法 90例IBS-C和FD重叠患者随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。两组患者均给予莫沙必利片5 mg/次,3次/d,餐前30 min口服。观察组患者加用加味半夏泻心汤,1剂/d。两组患者均连用8周。分析两组患者治疗前与治疗8周后肠道微生态变化,并判断疗效及不良反应。结果 治疗8周后,两组患者肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量较治疗前不同程度增加,大肠埃希菌数量不同程度减少（P0.05）。结论 加味半夏泻心汤联合莫沙必利治疗IBS-C和FD重叠患者效果肯定,具有较高的安全性,其机制可能与其能纠正肠道微生态紊乱,重建肠道菌群平衡,改善胃肠功能密切相关。