益生菌联合大豆卵磷脂保健食品对亚急性酒精性肝损伤的辅助保护功能评价

目的研究益生菌联合大豆卵磷脂保健食品对亚急性酒精性肝损伤的辅助保护作用。方法实验动物选用50只180~220g SPF级SD雄性大鼠,按体重随机分成5个组,分别为0.355g/(kg BW·d)、0.710g/(kg BW·d)、2.130g/(kg BW·d)、正常对照组和模型对照组。各剂量组经口灌胃给予受试物,正常对照组和模型对照组给予蒸馏水。17d后,模型对照组和3个剂量组每天在给予样品4h后给予30%乙醇,按10mL/kg BW给予染毒,正常对照组给予等量蒸馏水,连续14d。实验结束后,将各组动物称重,摘眼球取血,分离血清,测定TBIL、LDL-C、TC,同时处死动物,取肝脏进行组织病理学检查。结果模型对照组大鼠的血清TC、TBIL和LDL-C含量均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);样品各剂量组的血清TC、TBIL和LDL-C含量均低于模型对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。肝脏组织病理学检查,3个剂量组与模型组比较,肝细胞损伤程度均有明显降低。结论益生菌联合大豆卵磷脂保健食品对亚急性酒精性肝损伤有辅助保护功能。     

益生菌降胆固醇功能研究进展

本文对益生菌在动物及人体上的降胆固醇功能及可能机理进行了综述。益生菌是一类能够对人体健康起到促进作用的活体微生物。现已发现某些乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和肠球菌属的一些菌株具有降低血清胆固醇水平的能力。由于实验动物和人体在生理学上存在差异,因此同一菌株在实验动物和人体上获得的结论可能不同。关于益生菌降胆固醇功能的机理,研究者提出了不同的假说。这些假说包括:(1)益生菌将胆固醇吸收至细胞膜或细胞质中;(2)益生菌将胆固醇吸附到细胞表面;(3)胆固醇和游离胆盐在酸性环境下发生共沉淀;(4)结合胆盐被益生菌的胆盐水解酶水解成了游离胆盐,后者具有较低的溶解度,不易被肠道回收;(5)胆酸被益生菌的荚膜胞外多糖黏附到了细胞表面;(6)益生菌发酵肠道食源性未消化的碳水化合物产生丙酸,后者能够抑制肝脏胆固醇的生物合成,从而导致血清胆固醇水平降低;(7)益生菌通过下调NPC1L1蛋白基因表达来降低小肠细胞对胆固醇的吸收;(8)益生菌抑制胆固醇乳化胶束的形成。这些假说将为我们认识益生菌的降胆固醇机制及潜在降胆固醇功能菌株的筛选提供了依据。     

大豆卵磷脂的提纯研究

本研究采用简便有效的方法来提纯大豆卵磷脂,产品纯度达到了90％以上。(1)用无机盐沉淀法提取卵磷脂,产品纯度达到82％,并除去主要杂质;(2)用柱层析法精制卵磷脂,纯度91％;(3)纯度鉴定用HPLC法。     

降胆固醇益生菌发酵剂的制备

以前期筛选出来的降胆固醇益生菌嗜酸乳杆菌S-59为出发菌株,对冻干发酵剂的制备工艺进行研究和优化。结果表明：菌悬液的离心收集条件为5 000 r/min、20 min;通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验,确定冻干保护剂为脱脂乳8.95%、海藻糖5.24%、甘油4.54%,细胞存活率可达90.1%。冻干发酵剂的保藏条件为在真空条件下-4℃保藏。     

大豆卵磷脂对小鼠的抗疲劳和抗氧化作用研究

目的:研究大豆卵磷脂的抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。方法:小鼠经口给予大豆卵磷脂30天后,采用负重游泳实验,观察记录小鼠游泳死亡时间;检测血清尿素氮、肝糖原;测定血清和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:给予大豆卵磷脂后,与对照组相比,实验组小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长,肝糖原消耗量减少,降低运动后血清尿素氮水平(P<0.05);升高小鼠血清和肝匀浆SOD活性及GSH-Px活力,降低MDA的含量(P<0.05)。结论:大豆卵磷脂具有抗疲劳和抗氧化作用。     

大豆卵磷脂对小鼠的抗疲劳和抗氧化作用研究

目的：研究大豆卵磷脂的抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。方法：小鼠经口给予大豆卵磷脂30天后,采用负重游泳实验,观察记录小鼠游泳死亡时间;检测血清尿素氮、肝糖原;测定血清和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：给予大豆卵磷脂后,与对照组相比,实验组小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长,肝糖原消耗量减少,降低运动后血清尿素氮水平（P〈0．05）;升高小鼠血清和肝匀浆SOD活性及GSH-Px活力,降低MDA的含量（P〈0．05）。结论：大豆卵磷脂具有抗疲劳和抗氧化作用。     

大豆异黄酮在保健食品和医药中应用的研究进展

本文综述了以大豆异黄酮为基础的保健食品和医药在预防和治疗癌症、骨质疏松、绝经期症状、酒精依赖性、神经障碍、妇女老年性痴呆、动脉硬化、男性糖尿病人的性功能障碍以及促进脂肪降解等方面应用的研究进展。     

大豆异黄酮在保健食品和医药中应用的研究进展

本文综述了以大豆异黄酮为基础的保健食品和医药在预防和治疗癌症、骨质疏松、绝经期症状、酒精依赖性、神经障碍、妇女老年性痴呆、动脉硬化、男性糖尿病人的性功能障碍以及促进脂肪降解等方面应用的研究进展。     

大豆小肽促进益生菌增殖作用的研究

本实验复合蛋白酶酶解处理豆粕制备大豆小肽,酶解产物经SephadexG-25凝胶过滤层析,并对其各组分分子量分布及其促进益生菌发酵作用进行了研究,结果显示,大豆蛋白酶解物经SephadexG-25分离后得到了六个肽片段,分子量大部分在1 000 D以下,体外单细菌培养方法测定了大豆小肽对动物肠道常见益生菌的4个菌株（包括粪链球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、酵母菌）增殖的影响,结果表明SBP（Soybeanpeptides）能促进这4株细菌的增殖。添加大豆小肽后益生菌Q68与致病菌混合培养实验中,40 h内可以彻底清除金黄色葡萄球菌,48 h内可以完全消灭大肠埃希菌,大豆肽可以促进有益菌的增殖,抑制有害菌的生长。     

真鲷仔鱼用微粒子饲料中肽酶与大豆卵磷脂添加效果的研究

本研究以酪蛋白分解物为蛋白源配制三种微粒子饲料MD-S、MD-T和MD-U对真鲷开口仔鱼进行饲养试验。以MD-S的配方为基准,MD-T采用粉状大豆卵磷脂和麸质代替液状大豆卵磷脂;MD-U则另外添加0.1%的肽酶。结果表明,微粒子饲料在水中浸泡15min后,MD-T的溶出率(35.5%)低于MD-S(46.8%)和MD-U(45.8%);实验结束时(20日龄),仔鱼的成活率以生物饵料(轮虫)组为最高(86.3%),其次是MD-T组为20.7%,显著高于(P<0.05)MD-S组(13.3%)和MD-U组(13.6%);生物饵料组的仔鱼全长(6.14±0.49mm)显著大于微粒子饲料组(4.23±0.30mm~4.46±0.30mm),各微粒子饲料组之间仔鱼的全长并不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。在孵化后第12d,微粒子饲料组的仔鱼肠上皮细胞发育良好,但至孵化后第18d,仔鱼肠上皮细胞大部分萎缩、并发生脱落。鱼体的蛋白质、DNA与RNA日间增长率微粒子饲料MD-T组高于MD-S和MD-U组,但都低于生物饵料组。由此可见,微粒子饲料中添加肽酶并无助真鲷仔鱼对其消化吸收;可是,使用粉状大豆卵磷脂与麸质代替液状卵磷脂能增强微粒子饲料的黏合性,可减少其营养成分的溶出率,从而提高微粒子饲料的饲育效果。     

Protective effect of probiotics on Salmonella infectivity assessed with combined in vitro gut fermentation-cellular models

Background

The alphaproteobacterium Wolbachia pipientis, the most common endosymbiont in eukaryotes, is found predominantly in insects including many Drosophila species. Although Wolbachia is primarily vertically transmitted, analysis of its genome provides evidence for frequent horizontal transfer, extensive recombination and numerous mobile genetic elements. The genome sequence of Wolbachia in Drosophila simulans Riverside (wRi) is available along with the integrated bacteriophages, enabling a detailed examination of phage genes and the role of these genes in the biology of Wolbachia and its host organisms. Wolbachia is widely known for its ability to modify the reproductive patterns of insects. One particular modification, cytoplasmic incompatibility, has previously been shown to be dependent on Wolbachia density and inversely related to the titer of lytic phage. The wRi genome has four phage regions, two WORiBs, one WORiA and one WORiC.

Results

In this study specific primers were designed to distinguish between these four prophage types in wRi, and quantitative PCR was used to measure the titer of bacteriophages in testes, ovaries, embryos and adult flies. In all tissues tested, WORiA and WORiB were not found to be present in excess of their integrated prophages; WORiC, however, was found to be present extrachromosomally. WORiC is undergoing extrachromosomal replication in wRi. The density of phage particles was found to be consistent in individual larvae in a laboratory population. The WORiC genome is organized in conserved blocks of genes and aligns most closely with other known lytic WO phages, WOVitA and WOCauB.

Conclusions

The results presented here suggest that WORiC is the lytic form of WO in D. simulans, is undergoing extrachromosomal replication in wRi, and belongs to a conserved family of phages in Wolbachia.     

人体肠道益生菌体外降胆固醇活性研究

从健康儿童和青年人肠道分离并鉴定了21株乳杆菌和双歧杆菌,连同6株实验室保藏菌株进行了体外降胆固醇、耐酸及耐胆汁盐实验。结果表明,所有实验菌株都能从培养基中去除胆固醇,5株去除率可达40%以上,同时去除效力也较高。胆汁盐耐受性和耐酸性具有菌株特异性。菌株Bm26同时具有较高降胆固醇能力和耐胆汁盐及耐酸性能。     

Replacing egg yolk with soybean lecithin in the cryopreservation of stallion semen

The objective of this study was to determine whether replacing the egg yolk with soybean lecithin in the Botu-Crio? cryodiluent would maintain the fertility of cryopreserved stallion sperm. Two experiments were performed to evaluate cell freezability. In experiment 1, sperm from 15 stallions were frozen in Botu-Crio? (BC) or Botu-Crio? which contained 45g/L soybean lecithin (BCLS45) in place of the egg yolk. In experiment 2, we compared different concentrations of soybean lecithin: 0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5 and 20.0g/L (BC, BCLS10, BCLS12.5, BCLS17.5 and BCLS20, respectively). In experiment 1, sperm frozen in BC and BCLS45 exhibited similar (P>0.05) percentages of total motile sperm (61% and 61%, respectively); progressively motile sperm (27% and 27%, respectively) and sperm with intact plasma membranes (IMP; 53% and 57%, respectively). Similarly, sperm frozen in BC or BC containing any concentration of soybean lecithin maintained similar (P>0.05) percentages of total motile sperm (61-68%) and progressively motile sperm (27-31%). In the first fertility trial, we used cryopreserved semen from a single stallion was inseminated into mares. The semen from the sperm that were frozen in BC diluent resulted in a higher fertility rate (66%, 16/24) compared to the sperm that were frozen in BCLS45 diluent (17%, 5/29; P<0.01). Similarly, in a second fertility trial, the mares that were inseminated with the sperm that were frozen in BC diluent exhibited a higher fertility rate (66%, 16/24) compared to the mares that were inseminated with the sperm that were frozen in BCLS20 (40%, 10/25; P<0.05). Finally, in a third trial, the sperm that were frozen in BC resulted in a higher fertility rate in mares (75%, 18/24) compared to the sperm that were frozen in BCLS10 (41%, 10/24; P<0.05). Although replacing the egg yolk in the BC cryodiluent with soybean lecithin provided similar laboratory results for stallion sperm, after cryopreservation, the sperm that was frozen with soybean lecithin in the diluent correlated with lower fertility rates. Based on these results, we concluded that the use of BCLS can be used as an alternative diluent for cryopreserving stallion sperm. However, the resulting reduced fertility rate is a matter of concern. Further studies are necessary to clarify the reasons for this decrease in fertility and to determine the optimal lecithin concentration for diluents to freeze stallion sperm.     

Dietary supplementation with soybean lecithin increases pulmonary PAF bioactivity in asthmatic rats

The prevalence of asthma has risen over the last few decades, and some studies correlate this with the greater consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Dietary PUFAs are known to increase the susceptibility of biological structures to lipid peroxidation, a process by which platelet-activating factor (PAF)-like lipids can be generated. These lipids functionally mimic the bioactivity of PAF, a potent proinflammatory mediator that exerts several deleterious effects on asthma. Thus, this work aimed to investigate if dietary supplementation with soybean lecithin (SL), a source of PUFAs, increases lipid peroxidation and PAF bioactivity in lungs of asthmatic Wistar rats. Animals were separated into groups: control, supplemented, asthmatic, asthmatic supplemented with SL (2 g/kg body weight), asthmatic supplemented with SL (2 g/kg body weight) and dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (100 mg/kg body weight). Asthmatic inflammation increased pulmonary lipid peroxidation, PAF bioactivity, alveolar–capillary barrier permeability and production of nitric oxide. In asthmatics, dietary supplementation with SL promoted an increase in pulmonary lipid peroxidation and PAF bioactivity, and an increase in the permeability of the alveolar–capillary barrier. Moreover, the treatment of asthmatic rats with dl-α-tocopheryl acetate inhibited the lipid peroxidation and decreased the PAF bioactivity. Therefore, the increase in pulmonary PAF bioactivity in asthmatic individuals elicited by the dietary supplementation with SL probably involves the generation of PAF-like lipids. This finding suggests that PAF-like lipids may account for the deleterious effects of dietary PUFAs on asthma.     

益生菌联合牙周基础治疗对慢性牙周炎患者口腔致病菌的影响

目的 探讨益生菌联合牙周基础治疗对慢性牙周炎患者的治疗效果及其对口腔致病菌的影响。 方法 选取2017年10月至2019年4月我院收治的120例慢性牙周炎患者为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组(n=60)及观察组(n=60),对照组采取牙周基础治疗,包括对牙垢面进行清洁、处理咬合创伤、采用生理盐水漱口等及口服阿莫西林胶囊、甲硝唑片,观察组在对照组的基础上口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊,2粒/次,2次/d。治疗4周后,比较2组研究对象探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、牙菌斑指数(dental plaque index,PLI)及牙龈出血指数(bleeding index,BI),评估治疗效果;采用细菌培养的方式观察龈沟液中主要致病菌群变化情况,并记录不良反应发生情况。 结果 治疗后,观察组研究对象PD、PLI及BI均低于对照组(t=2.614,P=0.010;t=2.523,P=0.013;t=5.330,P2=6.775,P=0.009);治疗后,2组研究对象唾液中福赛坦菌、中间普氏菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌以及伴放线放线杆菌检出率均低于对照组(t=4.174,P=0.041;t=5.783,P=0.016;t=6.009,P=0.014;t=10.231,P=0.001);2组研究对象不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.086,P=0.769)。 结论 在牙周基础治疗上口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊有利于减轻慢性牙周炎患者牙周症状、抑制口腔致病菌、提高治疗效果。     

大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤增效作用研究

目的 从免疫学角度研究大豆多糖对环磷酰胺的减毒增效作用及其机制.方法 选用昆明种小鼠80只,随机分为阴性对照;大豆多糖(SSPS)组:50、100、200 mg/(kg· d);阳性对照:环磷酰胺(CP) 25 mg/(kg·d);大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺组:(1)CP 25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS mg/(kg·d)、(2)CP 25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS 100 mg/(kg·d)、(3)CP25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS200 mg/(kg·d);0.2 mL/只,腋下接种S180,腹腔给药,连续给药10d.测定大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤小鼠瘤重、胸腺指数、脾指数的影响,ELISA法检测S180荷瘤小鼠外周血血清中细胞因子IL-2含量的影响.结果 大豆多糖能够抑制S180荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,其抑瘤率分别为24.10％、35.39％和39.75％,与环磷酰胺合用后其抑瘤率为89.87％、91.91％和92.63％(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),q值0.99 ～1.00,具有协同作用;且合用后提高了环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数;并促进S180荷瘤小鼠分泌IL-2.结论 大豆多糖通过增加荷瘤小鼠免疫功能而减轻环磷酰胺对机体的毒副反应,增强其抗肿瘤作用.     

Gender effects of tall oil versus soybean phytosterols as cholesterol-lowering agents in hamsters

To examine the effect of gender on the mechanisms of action of phytosterols extracted from tall oil (TO) and soybean (SB) on cholesterol and phytosterol metabolism, male and female hamsters were fed cholesterol-enriched diets containing 0.5 or 1% (w/w) TO or SB phytosterols for 90 days. Plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profile and tissue phytosterol and cholesterol biosynthesis levels were determined. Mean plasma total-cholesterol level in females fed 1% (w/w) SB was reduced (p<0.05) by 44%, while in males it was lowered (p<0.05) by 25% compared with their respective controls. Moreover, mean plasma total-cholesterol level was reduced (p<0.05) in male hamsters by -31% and female hamsters by -32% when fed 1% (w/w) TO. Cholesterol biosynthesis was higher (p<0.05) by twofold in groups fed TO at 0.5 and 1% (w/w) concentrations, compared with SB. Hamsters fed TO at 0.5 and 1% (w/w) levels also had higher (p<0.05) hepatic and enterocytic campesterol contents than SB-fed animals. These findings demonstrate gender differences in cholesterol metabolism in TO- and SB-fed hamsters. The results suggest that TO, conversely to SB phytosterol, is a more effective cholesterol-lowering agent in male, but not as much in female, hamsters, over a feeding period of 90 days.     

肠内营养联合益生菌对重症脑卒中伴胃肠功能障碍患者肠黏膜屏障的保护作用

目的 探讨肠内营养联合益生菌对重症脑卒中伴胃肠功能障碍患者肠黏膜屏障的保护作用,为该类患者的治疗提供参考.方法 选择2016年1月至2019年7月于我院住院的84例重症脑卒中伴胃肠功能障碍患者为研究对象,根据肠内营养支持时是否添加益生菌将患者分为联用组和单用组,各42例.两组患者均予控制颅内压、营养脑细胞、保护胃黏膜和...     

越鞠方加减联合益生菌对幽门螺杆菌阳性慢性胃炎患者的疗效

目的 探讨越鞠方加减联合益生菌对幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)阳性慢性胃炎患者胃肠功能及血清血管活性肠肽(VIP)、生长激素释放肽(Ghrelin)的影响.方法 选取2017年6月至2019年6月我院收治的128例H.pylori阳性慢性胃炎患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各64例.两组患者均给予标...