TGF-β/Smad信号通路在艾滋病患者CD8+T细胞功能损害中的作用

探讨TGF-β/Smad信号通路在艾滋病患者CD8+T细胞功能损害中的作用。在HIV感染者(CD4+T细胞计数≥200个/μL)和艾滋病病人(CD4+T细胞计数200个/μL)中各抽取30例,另以30例健康成人为对照。取研究对象的外周静脉血,流式细胞术检测CD8+T细胞CD28分子和磷酸化Smad2/3蛋白(p-Smad2/3),酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血浆中TGF-β1、IFN-γ和TNF-α。健康人、HIV感染者和AIDS病人CD8+CD28+双阳性细胞占CD8+T细胞的比例分别为47.75%、47.40%和36.20%(中位数),AIDS病人低于正常人和HIV感染者(P0.05);p-Smad2/3阳性CD8+T细胞占CD8+T细胞的比例分别为79.15%、55.60%和60.60%(中位数),HIV感染者和AIDS病人低于健康人(P0.05);血浆TNF-α分别为(147.92±1.47)pg/mL、(60.04±1.78)pg/mL和(54.43±2.03)pg/mL,HIV感染者和AIDS病人低于健康人(P0.05);血浆TGF-β1和IFN-γ的组间差异无统计学意义。TGF-β/Smad信号通路可能参与了艾滋病患者CD8+T细胞的异常激活与功能损害。     

降低我国艾滋病患者病死率的几个关键措施

随着人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者逐渐进入获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)期,我国HIV感染者病死人数逐渐增加,已超过结核病与狂犬病的病死人数,位居第1.如何降低HIV/AIDS患者的病死率是我国目前亟待解决的重要课题.针对我国HIV/AIDS患者的特点,应采用多种措施.其中关键为:落实患者对药物的依从性,优化抗病毒治疗方案;扩大抗病毒治疗覆盖面,以增加接受抗病毒治疗的患者;加大检测力度,早诊断和早治疗以延长患者寿命,改善预后;注意对患者并发症的治疗,并科学分析病死原因.这些措施的实施需要社会各界共同参与和努力.     

2006—2015年隆安县新报告HIV/AIDS流行病学特征分析

目的分析2006—2015年隆安县新报告HIV/AIDS病例流行病学特征,为艾滋病防控工作提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析2006—2015年隆安县新报告HIV/AIDS病例信息资料。结果 2006—2015年新报告HIV/AIDS病例共计1 066例,其中HIV感染者594例,AIDS患者472例,死亡344例。男性占73.64%;职业以农民为主占88.56%;年龄主要集中在≥50岁人群,占72.89%。传播途径以性传播为主,性传播共1 028例,占96.43%。结论 2006—2015年隆安县HIV/AIDS病例主要集中在50岁以上的农民,性传播为主要传播途径。     

中国消除艾滋病流行面临的挑战

遏制和终结获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病)(acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS)是《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》的重要组成部分和联合国2030年可持续发展目标之一。虽然中国在应对人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)/AIDS流行方面确实取得了实质性进展,但终结AIDS流行愿景仍面临重重挑战。在筛查和诊断方面:HIV的扩大筛查和早期发现仍是中国应对HIV的关键;在治疗方面:HIV感染者的免费抗病毒治疗策略存在局限性,HIV感染者拒绝或中途退出治疗的状况时有发生,AIDS难以治愈等,解决这些问题困难重重;在预防方面:预防药物推广存在难度,疫苗研究仍未取得突破;在社会支持方面:对HIV/AIDS患者的歧视依然存在,非政府组织的参与度存在局限性。因此,针对男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)、吸毒者、老年人等关键易感人群及流行率较高的特定地区设计和制定包括诊断、治疗、预防及社会支持在内的HIV感染防治综合策略,对中国消除AIDS流行具有重要意义。     

广西人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者/艾滋病患者合并马尔尼菲篮状菌感染的特征及Mp1p抗原快速筛检的研究

为调查广西人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者合并马尔尼菲篮状菌(Talaromyces marneffei,TM)感染的特征并评价TM Mp1p(一种甘露糖蛋白)抗原试剂...     

HIV抗体检测技术研究进展

获得性免疫缺陷综合征,简称艾滋病(acquired immun-odeficiency syndrome,AIDS),是由免疫缺陷病毒(human im-munodeficiency virus,HIV)感染所引起的一种严重的传染性疾病。HIV/AIDS的流行已成为人类、社会和经济发展的灾难,全球活着的HIV感染者已超过4 300万人,每天约有14 000     

大连市HIV感染者/艾滋病患者在抗病毒治疗过程中病毒载量及细胞免疫指标变化的相关性分析

目的研究大连市HIV感染者/艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗过程中,HIV病毒载量和细胞免疫指标的变化情况。方法选取2013年开始抗病毒治疗,治疗时间满一年的HIV/AIDS 60例,分别在进行抗病毒治疗过程中的0、6、12月用全自动病毒载量分析仪(COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan)检测HIV病毒载量,同时用流式细胞计数仪(FACSCalibur)检测CD4~+和CD8+T淋巴细胞数。结果60例HIV/AIDS中治疗前仅有9例患者有检测数据,都是高病毒载量(VL1 000),在治疗6个月后,病毒载量抑制比例为73.33%(44/60)、治疗12个月后,载量抑制比为81.67%(49/60)。两组治疗后比治疗前病毒载量抑制比显著升高(Z=12.85,P0.001;Z=16.35,P0.001)。随着治疗时间的推移,CD4~+T淋巴细胞数和CD4~+/CD8~+比值都有所上升,差异有显著性(F=72.73,P0.001;F=53.83,P0.001)。病毒载量越低,T淋巴细胞数及CD4~+/CD8~+比值越高,呈负相关,有显著性差异(F=21.66,P0.001;F=8.53,P0.001)。结论抗病毒治疗有助于提高CD4~+T淋巴细胞数,改善HIV/AIDS免疫状态。细胞免疫指标与病毒载量的相关性呈负相关。     

1225例HIV/AIDS患者流行病学特征分析

目的:了解来陕西地区就诊的人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病(Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome,HIV/AIDS)患者感染状况、流行特征。方法:收集来我院就诊的HIV/AIDS患者的基本信息,对其流行病学资料统计分析。结果:在调查的1225例HIV/AIDS患者中,男性占83.51%,平均年龄为(35.55±11.61)岁,50.98%为农民,小学及以下学历占33.55%,经血液途径感染250例,经性传播途径感染916例,其中同性性传播337例,经母婴垂直传播16例,就诊时CD4+T淋巴细胞计数平均值为(222.82±190.49)个/μL,56%的HIV/AIDS患者采用的抗病毒方案为齐多夫定(Zidovudine,AZT)/替诺福韦(Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate,TDF)+拉米夫定(Lamivudine,3TC)+依非韦伦(Efavirenz,EFV)方案。结论:陕西地区HIV/AIDS感染人数呈上升趋势,且年轻化加剧,同性性传播比例大幅增加。虽然治疗较为及时,应进一步在高危人群中积极宣传防艾知识与措施。     

CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ 调节性T 细胞与黑龙江省HIV/AIDS 患者病情 相关性的研究

目的:比较黑龙江省HIV/AIDS患者与健康对照者(healthy controls,HCs)外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞数量、免疫抑制功能的变化,探讨CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞在HIV/AIDS感染过程中的作用。方法:采用流式细胞仪检测21例HIV/AIDS患者及20例健康对照组的外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞数量的百分比及绝对数量;采用共同培养方法检测HIV/AIDS患者外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞免疫抑制功能的变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-FQ-PCR)检测HIV/AIDS患者外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞中FoxP3mRNA的表达。结果:黑龙江省HIV/AIDS患者外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞比率明显高于HCs(P<0.01),而CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞的绝对计数显著下降,且与CD4+T细胞绝对计数成反比;混合淋巴细胞共同培养结果显示,HIV/AIDS患者外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞的抑制功能无明显变化;HIV/AIDS患者外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞的FoxP3 mRNA相对表达量无显著变化。结论:黑龙江省HIV/AIDS患者CD4+CD25+FoxP3+调节性T细胞的数量变化与病情相关。     

Increased IL-8 levels in HIV-infected individuals who initiated ART with CD4+ T cell counts <350 cells/mm3 – A potential hallmark of chronic inflammation

The identification of inflammatory markers in HIV+ individuals on ART is fundamental since chronic ART-controlled HIV infection is linked to an increased inflammatory state. In this context, we assessed plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-12p70) of HIV+ individuals who initiated ART after immunosuppression (CD4⁺ T cell counts <350 cells/mm³). HIV+ individuals were stratified according to two extreme phenotypes: Slow Progressors (SPs; individuals with at least 8 years of infection before ART initiation) and Rapid Progressors (RPs; individuals who needed to initiate ART within 1–4 years after infection). A control group was composed of HIV-uninfected individuals. We found increased IL-8 levels (median: 5.13 pg/mL; SPs and RPs together) in HIV-infected individuals on ART as compared to controls (median: 3.2 pg/mL; p = 0.04), although no association with the progression profile (slow or rapid progressors) or CD4⁺ T cell counts at sampling was observed. This result indicates that IL-8 is a general marker of chronic inflammation in HIV+ individuals on ART, independently of CD4⁺ T cell counts at the beginning of the treatment or of the potential progression profile of the patient. In this sense, IL-8 may be considered a possible target for novel therapies focused on reducing inflammation in chronic HIV infection.     

IL-12基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响

研究白细胞介素-12(IL 12)基因对HIV-1核酸疫苗诱导免疫应答的影响,以探求治疗性HIV-1核酸疫苗的新策略.将pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因或者pCI-neoGAG单独免疫Balb/c小鼠,通过ELISA检测免疫小鼠的特异性抗体和IFN-γ,通过MTT实验检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖实验,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验检测小鼠特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应.与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠血清的抗HIV-1p24抗体滴度降低,有显著性差异(P＜0.01);而与pCI-neoGAG免疫组比较,pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠血清的IFN-γ升高,有显著性差异(P＜0.01);pCI-neoGAG联合白细胞介素-12基因免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖实验刺激指数(SI)以及特异性CTL活性均高于pCI-neoGAG免疫组,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).因此,白细胞介素-12基因基因联合HIV-1核酸疫苗免疫小鼠,可能增强特异性Th1细胞和CTL反应,白细胞介素-12基因对体液免疫有抑制作用.     

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of interleukin 16 from nonhuman primates and from the mouse

 Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is synthesized as a 67 000 M _r precursor (pro-IL-16), but only a carboxy terminal part of 12 000–14 000 M _r is secreted by CD8(⁺) lymphocytes. This lymphokine binds to CD4 and has been shown to induce migration, affect the activation state of T cells, and inhibit immunodeficiency virus replication. It has been suggested that CD8(⁺) cell-derived soluble factors play a pivotal role in protecting natural-host nonhuman primates from developing immunodeficiency following SIV infection. In a first attempt to address this question, we cloned and sequenced the IL-16 cDNA from different primates. Here we report the pro-IL-16 sequence from chimpanzees, African green monkeys (AGM), rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques. In order to compare and analyze structural motifs possibly involved in processing, intracellular targeting, or secretion, we extended our study to the New World monkeys saimiri and aotus and to the mouse. Alignments of deduced amino acids reveal that the human protein shares 99% similarity to that of chimpanzees, approximately 95% to rhesus, cynomolgus and AGM, about 90% to aotus and saimiri, and 77.5% to the mouse. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the expected evolutionary groupings. Received: 27 August 1997 / Revised: 7 October 1997     

HIV may produce inhibitory microRNAs (miRNAs) that block production of CD28, CD4 and some interleukins

It is well-known that HIV-1 infection results in a gradual decline of the CD4+ T-lymphocytes, but the underlying mechanism of this decline is not completely understood. Research has shown that HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells results in decreased CD28 expression, but the mechanism of this repression is unknown. There is also substantial evidence demonstrating regulatory involvement of microRNA (miRNA) during protein expression in plants and some animals, and reports have recently been published confirming the existence of viral-encoded miRNAs. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that viral-encoded miRNA from HIV-1 may directly alter T cell, macrophage and dendritic cell activity. To investigate a potential correlation between the genomic complementarity of HIV-1 and host cell protein expression, a local alignment search was performed to assess for regions of complementarity between the HIV-1 proviral genome and the mRNA coding sequence of various proteins expressed by CD+ T cells and macrophages. Regions of complementarity with strong correlations to the currently established criteria for miRNA:target mRNA activity were found between HIV-1 and CD28, CTLA-4 and some interleukins, suggesting that HIV-1 may produce translational repression in host cells.     

Interleukin 35 (IL-35) and IL-37: Intestinal and peripheral expression by T and B regulatory cells in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The aim of the study was to characterize and to quantify peripheral and tissue. IL-35— and IL-37—producing cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. We studied a total of 38 active UC, 31 inactive UC, 17 active CD, and 13 inactive CD and 50 non-inflamed tissues as control group. Gene expression was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein expression was evaluated in tissue by immunohistochemistry and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. Higher levels of IL-35 was produced by intestinal regulatory B cells and circulating regulatory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in active vs. inactive disease or healthy donors (P < 0.05). The IL-37 was conspicuously synthesized by circulating B cells, active natural killer cells and monocytes. These results suggest that down-regulation of inflammation in active IBD patients might be based on the increased expression of IL-35 and IL-37.     

双歧杆菌对裸鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL—1及IL—6的影响

给裸小鼠腹腔注射活的青春型双歧杆菌,并以小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法及ＥＬＩＳＡ法分别检测了裸鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌的ＩＬ１活性及ＩＬ６含量。结果表明：实验组裸鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌的ＩＬ１活性以及ＩＬ６含量均显著高于对照组,两者均具有统计学意义（ｐ＜００１）。这提示青春型双歧杆菌可激活巨噬细胞产生ＩＬ１以及ＩＬ６,它们在该菌调节机体免疫反应中可能起一定作用。     

Identification of an interleukin-1 beta binding protein in human plasma

A covalent cross-linking technique was used to bind iodinated interleukin-1 (IL1) alpha and beta to plasma proteins. One specific IL1 beta binding protein was observed, that when cross-linked to ¹²⁵I-ILl beta migrated to approximately 60 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The protein did not bind IL1 alpha. The 43 -kDa protein was partially purified using a wheat germ agglutinin affinity column. The isolated factor again specifically bound IL1 beta, and appeared to consist of single chain glycoprotein. The protein was heat stable and had a rapid association time with IL1 beta. This protein may be an important carrier molecule for IL1 beta in vivo.     

Common polymorphisms in interleukin genes (IL4, IL6, IL8 and IL12) are not associated with alcoholic liver disease or alcoholism in Spanish men

Background: Preliminary data suggest that polymorphisms in cytokine genes may be involved in the genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver cirrhosis or alcohol use disorders. We thus analyze the association between these diseases and the following polymorphisms: −33T > C IL4, −174 G > C IL6, −251 T > A IL8 and 1188 A > C IL12B. Methods: 258 male alcoholics (161 without liver disease and 97 with liver cirrhosis) and 101 healthy controls were genotyped for the above mentioned polymorphisms. We examined the relationship between genotype and allele frequencies and the presence of disease, as well as the correlation with combinations of putative pro-inflammatory genotypes. Haplotypes were inferred using the expectation–maximization algorithm and haplotype frequencies were compared. Results: We found no statistically significant association between any of these polymorphisms or the combinations of pro-inflammatory polymorphisms and the risk of alcoholic liver cirrhosis or alcohol abuse or dependence. Haplotype analysis of the IL4 and IL12B polymorphisms did not show any statistical relationship either. Conclusions: Our results do not support the hypothesis that the analyzed polymorphisms confer differences in alcoholic liver cirrhosis or alcohol use disorders susceptibility.     

Th17细胞的分化、调节及其主要细胞因子和功能

近几年来以分泌白介素17(interleukin 17,IL-17)为特征的辅助性T细胞Th17(T help cell 17,Th17)细胞被认为是有区别于Th1(T help cell 1,Th1)、Th2(T help cell 2,Th2)新型的细胞亚群,它的发现改变了以往人们只将Th细胞分为Th1、Th2的传统分类认识。Th17细胞参与了自身免疫疾病、肿瘤的发生及机体各种炎症的发病机制,其分泌的细胞因子在生物学功能中发挥了极其重要的作用。同时Th17细胞的活化需要各种转化生长因子、IL-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)、IL-23(interleukin 23,IL-23)等细胞因子的参与,活化的Th17细胞同时再进一步的促进各种细胞因子的分泌,以通过分泌IL-17、IL-21(interleukin 21,IL-21)、IL-22(interleukin22,IL-22)、IL-26(interleukin 26,IL-26)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)α等细胞因子导致机体炎症等各种疾病的发生。     

创伤后抑制性T细胞对活化T细胞内白介素2及白介素2受体α基因表达的影响

研究了创伤小鼠抑制性T细胞(Ts)对白介素2(IL-2)及IL-2受体(IL-2R)α基因表达的抑制作用。结果表明,创伤后Ts细胞对正常活化T细胞内IL-2 mRNA及IL-2 RαmRNA水平的抑制作用增强,以伤后4天最为明显,伤后10天仍未恢复正常。创伤后Ts细胞还可升高正常活化T细胞内cAMP含量,降低cGMP含量,增加cAMP/cGMP比值。且可降低三磷酸肌醇(IP_3)含量、游离钙(Ca~(2 ))浓度、钙调素(CaM)、钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶(CaM-PK)及蛋白激酶C(PKC)的活性。去除创伤小鼠活化T细胞中的Ts细胞,则可使其IL-2mRNA及IL-2RαmRNA水平明显升高。并可使cAMP、cGMP、IP_3含量、Ca~(2 )浓度、CaM、CaM-PK及PKC活性的变化发生逆转。表明创伤后Ts细胞可通过影响T细胞内环核苷酸含量及磷脂酰肌醇代谢途径,进而抑制IL-2及IL-2 Rα的基因表达。