黄芩苷对实验性结肠炎小鼠TLRs/MyD88通路的作用研究

本文研究黄芩苷对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的结肠炎小鼠模型的疗效,并从TLRs/MyD88通路探讨其作用机制。C57BL/6小鼠24只,分为空白对照组、模型组和黄芩苷组,用3.5%DSS诱导结肠炎模型,黄芩苷(30 mg/kg)干预7天,记录小鼠的疾病活动指数(DAI)评分,HE染色观察病理改变并评分,检测结肠髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白介素(IL)-6浓度,Real-time PCR法检测TLR2、TLR4和MyD88 mRNA表达水平。结果显示黄芩苷能有效抑制结肠炎小鼠DAI评分、结肠组织病理学评分和MPO活性,降低IL-6和TNF-α表达,降低TLR2、TLR4和MyD88 mRNA的表达。表明黄芩苷能有效缓解DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠模型的症状,降低炎症反应,其作用机制可能是与TLRs/MyD88通路相关。     

携带IL-10基因的双歧杆菌对 溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道屏障功能的影响

目的观察表达IL-10基因的双歧杆菌对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠肠道屏障功能的影响,进一步探讨转基因双歧杆菌治疗UC的相关机制。方法 25只小鼠分为空白对照组、结肠炎组(UC-blank组)、双歧杆菌治疗组(UC-bacteria组)、空质粒双歧杆菌治疗组(UC-pBBAD/X-bacteria组)和表达IL-10基因双歧杆菌治疗组(UC-BL-hIL-10-bacteria组),每组5只。采用5%DSS诱导建立UC小鼠模型,利用前期研究已成功筛选出的可稳定表达hIL-10蛋白的BL-hIL-10菌株对小鼠进行治疗。采用HE染色评估小鼠结肠炎症情况;采用荧光定量PCR检测小鼠结肠组织Claudin1、2、4、5、7和8的表达水平;计算小鼠DAI。结果 (1)BL-hIL-10菌株可以降低UC小鼠DAI,减轻UC小鼠结肠组织炎症程度。(2)BL-hIL-10菌株能下调UC小鼠结肠组织Claudin2表达水平,同时能够上调Claudin1、4、5、7和8的表达水平。(3)UC-BL-hIL-10-bacteria组UC小鼠的治疗效果明显优于UC-bacteria组和UC-pBBAD/Xbacteria组。结论 BL-hIL-10菌株能改善UC小鼠结肠黏膜的通透性,其机制可能与其能上调Claudin1、4、5、7和8的表达水平,同时降低Claudin-2的表达水平有关。     

乳杆菌对急性溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠的疗效观察

目的观察植物乳杆菌YXCC-1和嗜酸乳杆菌YXCC-2对小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的疗效。方法对这两株菌进行体外模拟胃肠环境抗性研究,并进行动物实验。采用DSS诱导的小鼠急性UC模型,将60只小鼠随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组、DSS模型组、YXCC-1组和YXCC-2组,每组15只,观察小鼠治疗前后一般情况,计算小鼠组织学损伤评分以及观察组织学病理改变。结果菌株YXCC-1、YXCC-2有一定的耐酸、耐胆盐能力,在人工肠液环境下能较好存活;灌胃菌株发酵液可显著降低UC小鼠DAI水平,明显改善结肠组织损伤。结论植物乳杆菌YXCC-1、嗜酸乳杆菌YXCC-2发酵液对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎有治疗作用,且两者疗效相当。     

特定双歧杆菌菌株对炎症性肠病小鼠的影响

为了观察特定双歧杆菌菌株对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的Balb/c小鼠结肠炎的影响,探讨该双歧杆菌菌株对炎症性肠病(IBD)的防治作用及其可能机制。将小鼠分为3组:正常对照组、模型组(DSS组)、实验组(DSS+Bf组)。用已挑选好的双歧杆菌菌株预先处理小鼠4周后,用4%DSS溶液诱导急性结肠炎。实验结束后,检测每组小鼠结肠的长度及结肠炎炎症程度,利用半定量RT-PCR法检测小鼠肠道派伊尔结细胞中IL-10的表达,利用免疫组化实验检测肠道黏膜中IL-10分泌阳性细胞。结果实验组小鼠结肠的平均长度为7.80 cm±0.21 cm,虽较正常对照组(9.10 cm±0.82 cm)缩短,但较模型组(6.80 cm±0.31 cm)其缩短程度减少;结肠炎炎症程度肉眼评分结果:模型组和实验组分别为8.60±0.24分和6.60±0.68分,两组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),显微镜下评分结果为实验组(6.80±0.73分)较模型组(8.80±0.37分)明显减少(P<0.05);实验组小鼠肠道派伊尔结细胞IL-10的表达和肠道黏膜IL-10分泌阳性细胞数明显多于模型组。该实验所用的双歧杆菌菌株减轻了DSS诱导的小鼠肠道炎症反应,并且增强了肠道免疫细胞的IL-10的表达及分泌。     

氯化两面针碱对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的干预作用及其机制*

目的:探讨氯化两面针碱(NC)通过靶向miR-31对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱发小鼠结肠炎的保护作用及其机制。方法:用1%DSS诱发小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)。30只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组(Control)(n=7),DSS组(n=8),DSS+NC组(7.27 mg/kg)(n=8)和NC组(n=7),饮水给予DSS,灌胃给予氯化两面针碱。造模周期为3周,分别为Control组和NC组每天饮用无菌水,DSS组和DSS+NC组第一周饮用1% DSS水,第2周正常饮水,第3周1% DSS水。造模最后一周给予Control组和DSS组小鼠0.5% 羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)灌胃,DSS+NC组和NC组给予NC灌胃。造模完成后,观察小鼠结肠炎相关的疾病活动指数(DAI),HE染色进行结肠组织病理评分,qPCR检测小鼠结肠组织miR-31的表达水平,Western blot检测小鼠结肠组织炎症蛋白NF-κB和COX-2的表达情况。结果:①与DSS组相比,DSS+NC组的 DAI 显著降低(P＜0.01),结肠病理损伤明显改善;②与Control组相比,DSS组小鼠结肠组织miR-31表达显著升高(P＜0.01),DSS+NC组miR-31的表达水平显著低于DSS组(P＜0.05);③与DSS组相比,DSS+NC组中的炎症蛋白NF-κB和COX-2表达水平显著下降(P＜0.05)。结论:氯化两面针碱对DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎有明显的治疗作用,其抗炎机制与下调miR-31的表达有关。     

NLRP3敲除小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型的建立与分析

目的 采用不同浓度DSS及给药时间诱导NLRP3^-/-小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)模型,并分析与评价其优劣性,为UC发病机制的研究和治疗药物研发提供更贴切临床的动物模型。方法 SPF级48只雄性NLRP3^-/-小鼠随机分组,每组12只小鼠(空白组、2.5%7 d组、3%7 d组和3%5 d组),采用不同浓度DSS和给药时间相结合诱导UC小鼠模型,观察和评价小鼠的体重、DAI评分、HE染色、结肠长度及相关指标(IL-6、TNF-α和紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1))的表达水平评价造模的效果。结果 (1)DSS各小组在不同浓度及给药时间均能诱导UC模型;(2)随着浓度梯度增加及给药时间延长,NLRP3^-/-小鼠的体重减轻越显著、粪便潜血呈阳性越明显、DAI评分越高,甚者出现死亡;(3)经HE染色发现,NLRP3^-/-小鼠肠黏膜屏障组织病理损伤随DSS给药时间增长或浓度增高而加重;(4)采用免疫组织化学方法检测炎症因子及紧密连接蛋白,相对于空白组、模型组的炎症因子(TNF-α及...     

壳寡糖对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导结肠炎小鼠的保护作用

本研究旨在研讨壳寡糖(COS)对DSS诱导溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的保护作用,为进一步开发利用壳寡糖提供依据。本实验通过饮用含3%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)的水7天造模,将50只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为5组:空白组、模型组、阳性组(SASP,50 mg/kg)和壳寡糖低、高剂量组(70和140 mg/kg)。通过体重变化和疾病活动指数、病理学评分、髓过氧化物酶活性评估壳寡糖的作用。通过ELISA检测结肠炎症因子水平。结果显示,壳寡糖干预后能降低DSS诱导小鼠的体重损失、DAI和MPO活性(P0.05),显著降低结肠组织的IL-6和TNF-α水平(P0.05),其中壳寡糖低剂量组能极显著改善结肠缩短症状、保护结肠结构(P0.01),效果优于高剂量组。表明人体推荐剂量的壳寡糖(70 mg/kg)对DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠具有良好的保护作用,可能与抑制中性粒细胞浸润和炎症有关。     

IL-17在黏附侵袭性大肠杆菌感染小鼠结肠过程中的作用机制研究

目的:评价IL-17在黏附侵袭性大肠杆菌感染小鼠结肠过程中的作用及其可能机制。方法:选择野生型及IL-17基因敲除的SPF级C57BL/6小鼠并随机分成4组,分别给予不同的处理:(1)野生小鼠+单纯蒸馏水灌胃处理组;(2)野生小鼠+E.coli LF82(1×109/CFU/只)灌胃10天处理组;(3)IL-17敲除小鼠+单纯蒸馏水灌胃处理组;(4)IL-17敲除小鼠+E.coli LF82灌胃10天处理组。从以下5个方面评价各组小鼠的炎症反应和IL-17水平:(1)组织病理评分评估炎症反应严重程度;(2)透射电镜下观察结肠上皮细胞的超微结构;(3)免疫组织化学检测结肠分泌的IL-17;(4)PCR检测小鼠结肠中IL-17m RNA表达;(5)ELISA检测结肠组织中IL-17的含量。结果:定植了E.coli LF82的IL-17敲除小鼠肠道炎症程度和超微结构损伤较野生型小鼠更加严重(P0.05)。与未经E.coli LF82处理组相比,定植了E.coli LF82的野生小鼠肠道中IL-17m RNA和IL-17含量明显升高(P0.05)。结论:IL-17在E.coli LF82在黏附侵袭结肠粘膜过程中的保护作用,IL-17是针对AIEC菌株E.coli LF82免疫的重要效应物,而结肠局部分泌增加的IL-17会改善感染的结果。     

芒果苷对DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的预防作用及其抗炎机制初步研究

本文研究芒果苷(MGF)对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的预防作用及其作用机制。选用昆明种小鼠,用葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)复制UC模型。动物随机分成空白对照组、DSS模型对照组、柳氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)阳性对照组(900 mg/kg)、MGF组(300、150、75 mg/kg)、MGF固体分散体(MGF-SD)组(折合成MGF为300 mg/kg)。除空白对照组外,其他组小鼠自由饮用2.5%DSS水溶液造模,连续14 d,造模的同时灌胃给予相应药物干预。隔天进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分。于第14 d处死小鼠,对结肠进行大体形态损伤指数(CMDI)评分,HE染色后进行结肠病理组织学指数(CHPI)评分,ELISA法检测结肠组织IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6和IL-10水平。结果显示,模型对照组小鼠DAI、CMDI和CHPI评分均显著增加(P0.05),结肠组织中IL-1β、IL-6水平显著升高(P0.05),IL-4、IL-10水平显著降低(P0.01)。MGF可显著改善UC小鼠的DAI、CMDI和CHPI评分。MGF组和MGFSD组均能显著降低结肠组织IL-1β水平(P0.05);MGF高剂量组和MGF-SD组显著降低结肠组织IL-6水平,但组间无显著差异(P0.05);各药物组对结肠组织IL-4和IL-10水平的影响与模型组比较均无显著性(P0.05)。表明MGF对DSS诱导的小鼠UC具有较好的预防作用,可能与下调结肠组织中IL-1β、IL-6水平有关,进而调节结肠组织中促炎因子与抗炎因子的平衡。提高MGF的溶解度不能提高其对UC的防治作用。     

携带IL-10基因的双歧杆菌对溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠血浆及结肠组织NO和VEGF-A表达影响

目的观察携带IL-10基因的双歧杆菌对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠血浆及结肠组织一氧化氮(NO)与血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)表达的影响,进一步探讨携带IL-10基因的双歧杆菌治疗UC的相关机制。方法筛选出能稳定表达具有生物活性hIL-10蛋白的BL-hIL-10菌株。用5%DSS诱导UC小鼠模型,50只小鼠分为正常对照组、UC模型组、BL治疗组、BL0治疗组和BL-hIL-10治疗组,每组10只。计算小鼠DAI、HE染色评估结肠组织病理学变化;ELISA法测小鼠血浆及结肠组织IL-13、VEGF-A和NO的含量。结果 (1)BL-hIL-10可以降低UC小鼠DAI,减轻UC小鼠结肠组织炎症程度。(2)BL-hIL-10能降低UC小鼠血浆和结肠组织NO、VEGF-A和IL-13水平。结论口服BL-hIL-10对UC小鼠的治疗作用可能与抑制NO产生及下调VEGF-A表达有关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.