育龄妇女泌尿生殖道无乳链球菌感染情况与耐药性分析

目的探讨育龄妇女泌尿生殖道无乳链球菌感染情况与耐药性。方法选择3 000例在我院就诊的育龄期妇女,所有患者送检泌尿道或生殖道标本,进行无乳链球菌培养及药物敏感性试验,探讨育龄妇女泌尿生殖道无乳链球菌感染情况及耐药性。结果 3 000例育龄妇女中177例感染无乳链球菌,感染率5.90%,其中肾内科患者感染率最高,达到8.97%。2012至2015年育龄期妇女无乳链球菌感染率逐年增加。无乳链球菌对四环素、克林霉素、红霉素、左氧氟沙星耐药性较高,分别达到80.80%、60.45%、56.50%、45.20%。无乳链球菌对头孢曲松、头孢他啶、亚胺培南、万古霉素未产生耐药性。结论育龄妇女无乳链球菌感染率较高,呈逐年上升趋势,防治形势严峻,无乳链球菌对多种常用抗生素耐药率较高,应根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素。     

晚期孕妇生殖道感染无乳链球菌与新生儿感染的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠晚期妇女生殖道感染无乳链球菌（GBS）与新生儿感染的关系。方法在慈溪市妇幼保健院1192例胎膜早破妊娠晚期妇女进行宫颈分泌物培养,同时对其分娩的1196个新生儿进行鼻咽分泌物培养作为观察组,同时选择同期无胎膜早破的妊娠晚期妇女500例作为对照组进行比较。观察胎膜早破合并GBS阳性妊娠晚期妇女与新生儿感染的相关性。结果观察组分离无乳链球菌比例为16．1％（192／1192）,对照组分离无乳链球菌比例为6．0％（30／500）,两组比较无乳链球菌感染与胎膜早破差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。早破合并GBS阳性的妊娠晚期妇女新生儿感染率与破膜时间和分娩产程有关,破膜时间〈24h与〉24h的妊娠晚期妇女,其新生儿感染率与破膜时间成正比,产程〈24h的妊娠晚期妇女新生儿感染率明显低于24h以上的妊娠晚期妇女。结论妊娠晚期妇女无乳链球菌感染与胎膜早破有关,从而引起新生儿感染,为了早期预防新生儿感染,应对GBS阳性的妊娠晚期妇女及时治疗,并严格控制早破时间和缩短分娩产程。     

围产期无乳链球菌携带状况及耐药性分析

目的探讨新疆乌鲁木齐市围产期无乳链球菌携带状况及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法回顾性分析2014年1月-2016年11月围产期6 003例泌尿生殖道分泌物标本,采用法国梅里埃Vitek 2Compact全自动细菌鉴定和药敏系统检测,从中检出151株无乳链球菌,分析药敏、查阅其病历基本信息、新生儿出生状况等。结果 6 003例围产期泌尿生殖道标本中检出151株无乳链球菌,检出率为2.52%,其中≤35岁、35岁孕产妇中无乳链球菌感染率分别为2.55%、2.26%,两者相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);民族中,汉族、维吾尔族、回族、哈萨克族中无乳链球菌感染率分别为2.70%、2.63%、2.18%、1.73%,相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);37周感染无乳链球菌101例,且诊断胎膜早破有76例;孕1次感染无乳链球菌有90例,孕3次感染无乳链球菌有33例,且有20例曾有流产史;新生儿宫内感染中有1例感染无乳链球菌属于早发型。药敏结果中,无乳链球菌对氨苄西林、青霉素G敏感率分别为97.97%、98.63%;对红霉素、四环素、克林霉素和左氧氟沙星耐药率较高,分别为77.46%、72.85%、58.94%和54.30%。结论临床应重视在围产期对无乳链球菌的检测和耐药情况,合理使用抗生素,可有效地预防和治疗该菌的感染。     

孕晚期胎膜早破孕妇产道无乳链球菌定植与新生儿感染的相关性分析

目的分析孕晚期胎膜早破妇女产道无乳链球菌(SA)定植与新生儿感染之间的相关性。方法筛选2014年1月-2017年3月我院产科收治的孕晚期胎膜早破孕妇589例作为观察组,无胎膜早破的正常孕晚期孕妇261例作为对照组,对两组孕妇宫颈拭子进行细菌培养,并对其分娩的新生儿咽拭子进行细菌培养,记录两组孕妇胎膜早破合并SA阳性结果孕妇数与新生儿感染人数。结果胎膜早破孕妇宫颈拭子SA阳性率为16.47%(97/589),无胎膜早破的正常妊娠晚期妇女SA阳性率为6.13%(16/261)(P0.01);观察组SA阳性孕妇新生儿感染发生率6.18%(6/97),显著高于本组SA阴性孕妇4.67%(23/492)(P0.05);观察组破膜时间≥24h孕妇其新生儿感染率为62.07%(18/29),高于本组破膜时间24h孕妇的新生儿感染率27.94%(19/68)(P0.01);观察组产程≥24h孕妇其新生儿感染率42.42%(14/33),高于本组破膜时间24h孕妇的新生儿感染率17.19%(11/64)(P0.05)。结论孕晚期孕妇产道SA感染导致胎膜早破风险增加,新生儿感染率升高,有必要对SA阳性孕妇及早干预治疗,尽量减少胎膜早破,缩短产程。     

B族链球菌感染妊娠妇女产时 抗生素治疗临床效果评价

目的探讨沈阳地区孕晚期妊娠妇女B族链球菌(group B Streptococcus,GBS)的定植率及其耐药性,评估GBS感染妊娠妇女分娩期给予产时抗生素预防(intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis,IAP)的临床效果。方法选择2017年9月至2017年12月在沈阳市妇婴医院行GBS筛查的691例怀孕35～37周的妊娠妇女为研究对象,将GBS筛查阳性妊娠妇女中采用顺产方式分娩的38例妊娠妇女作为研究组,638例GBS筛查阴性妊娠妇女作为对照组。研究组妊娠妇女给予IAP,对照组妊娠妇女不作处理。分析两组妊娠妇女GBS定植情况、GBS菌株耐药情况及给予IAP后新生儿不良事件发生率。结果 691例妊娠妇女中有53例GBS培养阳性,GBS定植率为7.67%。全部GBS菌株对青霉素、头孢唑林及万古霉素的敏感率均为100.00%;对红霉素、克林霉素耐药率分别为81.48%和73.95%。研究组中新生儿黄疸发生率为7.89%,新生儿窒息发生率为2.63%,脑膜炎、肺炎、败血症的发生率均为0.00%。对照组中新生儿黄疸发生率为3.13%,新生儿窒息发生率为0.63%,肺炎发生率为0.16%,新生儿脑膜炎及败血症发生率均为0.00%。两组新生儿在新生儿黄疸、新生儿窒息、脑膜炎、肺炎和败血症发生率方面比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论沈阳地区妊娠妇女GBS带菌率较高,青霉素可作为治疗的首选药物。预防性使用抗生素治疗可以改善新生儿结局。     

糖尿病患者无乳链球菌尿路感染临床表现及药物敏感性分析

目的了解糖尿病患者无乳链球菌尿路感染的临床表现及耐药状况,为临床用药提供依据。方法回顾性分析温州医学院附属第一医院2003年至2005年糖尿病患者继发尿路感染的临床特点及耐药情况。结果280例送检尿培养的住院糖尿病患者致病菌阳性有169例,共检出无乳链球菌25株,其中女性23例,男性2例。药敏结果显示无乳链球菌对氨曲南、林可霉素、复方新诺明、红霉素、阿米卡星的耐药率高达50%以上,而对头孢唑啉、万古霉素的耐药率为0%,对替考拉宁、青霉素、氨苄西林的耐药率为5.88%、7.69%、10%。结论糖尿病患者无乳链球菌引起尿路感染应引起注意,临床医生需根据药敏结果合理选用抗生素。     

学龄前儿童化脓性中耳炎肺炎链球菌血清学分型及耐药性变迁

目的了解学龄前化脓性中耳炎儿童感染肺炎链球菌的血清学分型及耐药性情况,为临床诊断和合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法取1 251份学龄前儿童化脓性中耳炎的脓性标本进行细菌培养,对培养获得的肺炎链球菌按年龄段分为3组(0~2岁、2~4岁、4~6岁),采用玻片凝集试验进行血清学分型,药敏试验采用VITEK 2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定仪配套的GP68卡进行。结果 1 251份标本中共检出322株肺炎链球菌,阳性率为25.7%,其中2~4岁组分离的肺炎链球菌构成比最高,占45.3%(146/322);5~6岁组最低,占26.1%(84/322)。血清学分型以19F为主,占60.2%,其他依次为19A、23F和6B,构成比分别为12.7%、11.2%和11.5%。肺炎链球菌对克林霉素耐药率最高为73.60%,对复方新诺明、红霉素和四环素均有较高的耐药率,耐药率分别为70.50%、69.25%和61.80%,对万古霉素、氯霉素均无耐药性。另外,常用于临床治疗的青霉素也存在相当高的耐药性(28.26%),并且呈逐年上升的趋势。结论学龄前儿童化脓性中耳炎肺炎链球菌分布构成比以2~4岁组为主要人群,血清学分型以19F为主;多种抗生素的耐药性呈现逐年上升趋势,临床在治疗过程应尽量根据药敏结果制定用药方案,减少经验用药。     

围产期孕妇泌尿生殖道无乳链球菌耐药性分析及临床意义

目的 了解围产期孕妇泌尿生殖道无乳链球菌感染及耐药分布为临床合理用药提供依据,并提出预防措施,以引起临床重视.方法 对门诊、住院围产期孕妇送检的泌尿生殖道标本进行培养鉴定,并对分离的无乳链球菌进行药敏试验,并用WHONET 5.5软件分析.结果 260株无乳链球菌药敏结果显示,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、青霉素和头孢曲松的耐药率最低,对红霉素、克林霉素、左氧氟沙星的耐药率较高,分别为61.5％、57％和49.3％.结论 临床医生应重视对围产期孕妇无乳链球菌的检测,实验室应准确报告无乳链球菌药敏结果,对临床合理用药治疗无乳链球菌感染具有重要指导意义并可预防其危害性.     

B族链球菌感染及微量元素营养干预对产妇阴道微生态的影响

目的 分析产妇阴道微生态失衡的发生情况和B族链球菌（GBS）感染及营养相关因素在正常与微生态失衡产妇中的差异,同时检验不同干预的效果。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年6月本院就诊的105例产妇作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组（51例）和对照组（54例）。对照组患者接受常规医疗照护干预,观察组在对照组基础上接受个体化营养干预（视产妇具体血清微量元素水平情况）,比较两组产妇阴道菌群分布、GBS感染、血清微量元素分布和新生儿情况。结果 全部受试对象阴道内优势菌群前5位依次是菌群抑制无优势菌、非典型乳杆菌类革兰阳性杆菌、革兰阳性短杆菌、革兰阳性大杆菌、革兰阳性球菌。阴道微生态指标检测结果显示,阴道微生态失衡产妇共49例,阴道微生态正常产妇共56例。阴道微生态失衡产妇的GBS感染率更高（30.61% vs 5.36%）,且微量元素锌和硒缺乏情况更为严重（P<0.05）。营养干预后,观察组阴道菌群的分布异常情况改善优于对照组,且菌群多样性正常比例、锌和维生素D水平高于对照组,而GBS感染率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 GBS感染可加重产妇阴道微生态紊乱,增加不良妊娠...     

677例新生儿咽拭子细菌培养及病原菌的耐药性分析

为观察首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)患儿主要定植细菌及其抗生素耐药情况,以便采取相应措施及时控制医院内感染,本研究选择2014年8月1日-2015年5月31日住院患儿的咽试子标本进行细菌培养,同时进行耐药性分析。677例新生儿咽拭子培养结果显示,230例阳性(34.0%),其中革兰阳性球菌159例(69.1%),革兰阴性杆菌71例(30.9%)。定植细菌中,革兰阳性球菌主要为草绿色链球菌、克氏库克菌及表皮葡萄球菌,革兰阴性杆菌主要为大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌及肺炎克雷伯菌。各细菌对常用抗生素的耐药率不同,同时进行药敏试验有助于指导临床用药。     

Race and Racism in America and in Anthropology

Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview . Audrey Smedley
Anthropology and Race . Eugenia Shanklin     

Degradation and conversion of somatostatin in normal and diabetic rats in vivo and in vitro

Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the portal and jugular veins of streptozotocin diabetic rats was compared with that in normal control rats. In the diabetic group, somatostatin levels in the portal (p less than 0.05) and jugular (p less than 0.01) veins were both elevated compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the degree of elevation was greater in the jugular vein than in the portal vein. To further investigate the role of the liver in the clearance of somatostatin-28 in vivo, 2 micrograms of somatostatin-28 was administered as a bolus into the external jugular vein of intact and functionally hepatectomized rats. The mean half-time of somatostatin-28 was significantly longer in intact diabetic rats than in controls (p less than 0.05). The functional hepatectomy did not cause a significant difference in the half-time in diabetic rats but made it longer in control rats. These results suggest that the longer half-time of somatostatin-28 in diabetic rats in vivo is due to its slower hepatic clearance. The hepatic clearance of somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 was further studied in vitro using a recirculating liver perfusion method. The hepatic clearance of 1.2 nM of either somatostatin-28 or somatostatin-14 was significantly lower in diabetic rats than in controls (p less than 0.01). This indicates that elevated plasma somatostatin levels in diabetic rats are caused at least in part by decreased hepatic clearance of somatostatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

MPD and DNA Bending in Crystals and in Solution

Bending of 15 to 24° is observed within crystal structures ofB-DNA duplexes, is strongly sequence-dependent, and exhibits no correlation with the concentration of MPD (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol) in the crystallizing solution. Two types of bends are observed: facultative bends or flexible hinges at junctions between regions of G·C and A·T base-pairs, and a persistent and almost obligatory bend at the center of the sequence R-G-C-Y. Only A-tracts are characteristically straight and unbent in every crystal structure examined to date. A detailed examination of normal vector plots for individual strands of a double helix provides an explanation, in terms of the stacking properties of guanine and adenine bases. The effect of high MPD concentrations, in both solution and crystal, is to decrease local bending somewhat without removing it altogether. MPD gel retardation experiments provide no basis for choosing among the three models that seek to explain macroscopic curvature of DNA by means of microscopic bending: junction bending, bent A-tracts, or bent general- sequence DNA. Crystallographic data on the straightness of A-tracts, the bendability of non-A sequences, and the identity of inclination angles in A-tract and non-A-tractB-DNA support only the general-sequence bending model. The pre-melting transition observed in A-tract DNA probably represents a relaxation of stiff adenine stacks to a flexible conformation more typical of general-sequence DNA.     

Update in research and methods in proteomics and bioinformatics

The 3rd International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Proteomics 2013)

Philadelphia, PA, USA, 15–17 July 2013

The Third International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Proteomics 2013) was sponsored by the OMICS group and was organized in order to strengthen the future of proteomics science by bringing together professionals, researchers and scholars from leading universities across the globe. The main topics of this conference included the integration of novel platforms in data analysis, the use of a systems biology approach, different novel mass spectrometry platforms and biomarker discovery methods. The conference was divided into proteomic methods and research interests. Among these two categories, interactions between methods in proteomics and bioinformatics, as well as other research methodologies, were discussed. Exceptional topics from the keynote forum, oral presentations and the poster session have been highlighted. The topics range from new techniques for analyzing proteomics data, to new models designed to help better understand genetic variations to the differences in the salivary proteomes of HIV-infected patients.     

Parasitism and epibiosis in native and non-native gammarids in freshwater in Ireland

The introduced amphipod crustaceans Gammarus pulex and G. tigrinus are displacing the native G. ducheni celticus in a number of freshwater sites in Northern Ireland. We investigated parasite and epibiont infection in populations in the Rivet Lagan and Lough Neagh where both native and invading species occur. Prevalence of the four parasites and epibionts observed was higher in the native G. d. celticus than in the invading amphipods at both field sites. In Lough Neagh. G. d. celticus individuals suffered higher burdens of the rotifer Embata parasitica and the protozoan Epistylis in comparison with the invading species. These patterns may reflect host specificity by the parasites or may result from different susceptibilities of the native and invading host species. We consider the influence of parasitism on host invasions and resulting species distributions.