两种树脂基托细菌粘附情况的比较

目的比较BPS注塑树脂和热凝基托树脂表面细菌粘附能力的大小。方法将BPS注塑树脂和热凝基托树脂试件进行细菌体外粘附实验,采用菌落形成单位计数法测定血型链球菌、粘性放线菌和白色念珠菌粘附量的大小。结果培养24h、48h、168h后,各BPS注塑树脂试件组的细菌粘附量均少于热凝基托树脂试件组。结论BPS注塑树脂较热凝基托树脂更能减少血型链球菌、粘性放线菌和白色念珠菌在其表面的粘附。     

乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分对义齿性口炎患者口腔中白假丝酵母菌的抑制

目的从调整口腔菌群平衡的角度出发,观察乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分对义齿性口炎患者口腔菌群的影响。方法（1）体外试验：配制不同浓度乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分的沙包液体培养基,分别接种10^8CFU／ml白假丝酵母菌菌液,用CFU活菌记数法计数。（2）临床试验：符合义齿性口炎病例40例,随机分为试验组20例和对照组20例（阴性对照组和阳性对照组各10例）。分别给予乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分、纯净水、洗必泰含漱液。观察菌群变化。结果（1）体外试验：乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分在浓度为1．6、0．8和0．4mg／ml时对白假丝酵母菌的抑制作用分别为100％、98．11％和62．72％。（2）临床试验：试验组在治疗后口腔黏膜白假丝酵母菌数量明显降低,口腔链球菌数量升高,较治疗前差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）;停药后第21天较治疗7d差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分对口腔白假丝酵母菌有明显的抑杀作用;对口腔链球菌有促进作用,可能有调整口腔菌群平衡的作用。     

两种可摘局部义齿戴用前后语音效果的对比研究

目的：对上颌肯氏I类牙列缺损可摘局部义齿戴用前后的临床语音适应效果做出客观评价。方法：对30例上颌肯氏I类牙列缺失患者在义齿初戴前、初戴时、初戴后的1、2、4、8用语音变化规律进行分析。结果：辅音／j／：在塑料组,在初戴后2．4、8周与初戴时F2有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;在初戴时与初戴前相比F2也有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。初戴后1周也有统计学差异（P〈O．05）;两组同一时间内比较,/j/的F2在初戴时有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。／sh／音：在初戴时与初戴后2、8周F1有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。/z／音：在塑料、铸造两组中,F1、F2在初戴前、后2、4、8周均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：可摘局部义齿基托厚度主要影响的发音部位是硬腭前部,在临床上,减少硬腭区基托厚度,对临床修复有较好的指导意义。     

乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分对义齿性口炎的临床应用研究

目的从口腔菌群平衡的角度观察乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分对义齿性口炎患者口腔细菌的影响。方法采取自身前后对照,24例义齿性口炎患者给予乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分制成的含漱液,每次20 ml,每日3次漱口。分别于用药前,用药后第7天、14天、28天以及停药后第60天采集标本培养,记录活菌数。结果24例患者中18例为有效病例。用药后7 d口腔白假丝酵母菌数量明显降低,口腔链球菌数量升高,较治疗前差异均有显著性（P〈0.01）,乳杆菌治疗前后差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;用药14 d、28 d及停药后60 d时,口腔内白假丝酵母菌、口腔链球菌、乳杆菌数量较7 d时差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分治疗义齿性口炎7 d时致病菌和优势菌即可达到相对平衡。乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分治疗义齿性口炎不会造成口腔菌群的失衡。     

Effect of a denture cleanser on the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds and denture biofilm in institutionalised elderly

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00341.x
Effect of a denture cleanser on the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds and denture biofilm in institutionalised elderly Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a denture cleanser in reducing the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) and its antimicrobial action. Background: Micro‐organisms from the denture biofilm can cause local and systemic disease and halitosis. Denture cleansers are important adjuncts in oral care, but there is limited investigation on their effect in malodour compounds. Material and methods: Nineteen institutionalised elderly who wore at least an upper denture were selected; their VSC concentrations were measured and the denture biofilm was collected. In phase 1, the subjects wore their old denture and data were collected before (B₀) and after 7(A₁), 14(A₂), 28(A₃) days of continuous daily use of the denture cleanser. In phase 2, new dentures were inserted and measurements were made at 30(A_1.1), 60(A_2.2), 90(A_3.3) days of treatment. Results: The VSC concentration increased from B₀ to A₁ (p < 0.05)_, but no differences were found for the others intervals of times. Total micro‐organism data did not show a statistical difference between times in Phase I, but in Phase II, there was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) and a progressive re‐colonisation was observed. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that the denture cleanser had no antimicrobial effect and VSC levels were not reduced.     

Effect of denture adhesive on the micro-organisms in vivo

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00381.x Effect of denture adhesive on the micro‐organisms in vivo Background: Denture adhesives increase the retention and stability of dentures in edentulous patients, especially in cases where salivary flow is impaired or in the management of traumatised oral mucosa. Objectives: The effect of a denture adhesive on the oral flora at different time intervals. Method: Thirty denture‐wearing patients were involved in this study. While half of the group received a denture adhesive, the other half did not. At baseline, 1 and 2 months after delivering the dentures, smear samples were obtained from the saliva, palate and the dentures. Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, α‐haemolytic streptococci, β‐haemolytic streptococci, Pneumococcus aureus, S. anginosus, S. intermedius, S. constellatus, S. sanguis, S. gordonii, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. salivarius, and yeasts were investigated. The data were statistically analysed using anova and repeated measures. Results: Most types of the micro‐organisms were not seen and could not be analysed statistically except α‐haemolytic streptococci and C. albicans. No statistically significant difference was found for α‐haemolytic streptococci and C. albicans in saliva, palate and the denture at all time intervals. Conclusions: Prolonged use of the denture adhesive tested up to 2 months did not yield to increase in micro‐organisms of the oral flora.     

Effect of reline material and denture base surface treatment on the impact strength of a denture base acrylic resin

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00292.x
Effect of reline material and denture base surface treatment on the impact strength of a denture base acrylic resin Objective: In this study, the effect of relining and surface treatment on the impact strength (IS) of a heat‐polymerising denture base acrylic resin (Lucitone 550‐L) was evaluated. Materials and methods: Rectangular bars of L were made (60 × 6 × 2 mm) and relined (2 mm) with the relining resins Ufi Gel Hard (UH) and Tokuso Rebase Fast (TR). Specimens relined with L and intact L, TR and UH specimens were also made (60 × 6 × 4 mm), for comparison. Before relining, the L surface was left untreated or wetted with methyl methacrylate monomer and/or the bonding agents (BA) supplied by manufacturers of the reline resins. V‐notches were machined at the midpoint of the length of all specimens. The notches were made either across the width (Nw) or across the thickness of the specimens (Nth). The Charpy impact test was performed using a 0.5‐J pendulum, which had been specially designed and constructed. Data were analysed separately for each notch position using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference post‐hoc test (p = 0.05). Results: The IS of L was similar to that of L/L. For the Nw notch, treating the denture base L with TR BA and relining with TR reline material produced the highest IS. Conclusion: The IS of specimens made from heat polymerising acrylic resin Lucitone 550 was increased after relining using the hard chairside reline resin TR with its proprietary BA.     

Plato on kinds of animals

Some biologists and philosophers of biology have seen in Plato an especially objectionable version of essentialism or topology. Although kinds of animals are mentioned in almost all of Plato's dialogues, in none of them is there an explicity stated doctrine of animal kinds. An examination of the dialogues has, moreover, failed to reveal some implicit but consistent and unambiguous view of kinds that Plato might have held.     

Clinical evaluation of three denture cushion adhesives by complete denture wearers

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.436.x Clinical evaluation of three denture cushion adhesives by complete denture wearers Objective: The aim of this study was the clinical evaluation of three denture cushion adhesives and whether the results were correlated to Kapur Index for denture‐supporting tissues. Background: Various types of denture adhesives are used among denture patients. However, information on the clinical behaviour of denture cushions is limited. Materials and methods: Thirty edentulous patients had their denture‐supporting tissues scored by Kapur Index and their old dentures replaced. They received three brands of denture cushion adhesives (Fittydent^®, Protefix^® and Seabond^®) and were instructed to use them in a sequence according to the group they were randomly assigned to. Each brand of adhesive was used for 48 h on the lower denture according to the manufacturer’s suggestions. After each brand was used, participants spent 24 h without applying any sort of adhesive. Finally, a questionnaire evaluating and comparing the performance of each brand was filled out. Results: Denture adhesives generally improved patient satisfaction and masticatory ability, especially in participants with poor Kapur Index and those who reported a poor retention of their old dentures. Conclusion: Fittydent^® was the most preferred adhesive, showing the best retention and the longest duration of its effect, but also reported as difficult to remove from the denture‐bearing area.     

Candida-associated denture stomatitis

Candida-associated denture stomatitis was demonstrated by its cultivation in 171 out of 240 patients examined with partial or total dentures. After taking smears from lesions of the oral mucosa (tongue, cheeks, palate) and the contiguous denture surface by cotton wool swabs and inoculating them onto Sabouraud glucose agar and CHROMagarCandida, individual yeast species were identified by a germ tube. filamentous, and assimilation tests employing the commercial kit AuxaColor. SevenCandida species were identified in smears from the oral mucosa lesions and the contiguous denture surface:C. albicans (95 patients),C. tropicalis (26).C. parapsilosis (20),C. krusei (14),C. guilliermondii (12),C. lusitaniae (1) andC. freyschusii (1). Diabetes mellitus, neoplastic diseases, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy were identified as some of the large number of factors predisposing patients to stomatitis prothetica.     

Influence of the partial denture on the articulation of dental and postalveolar sounds

Dental prosthesis is a foreign body in oral cavity and thus necessarily interferes with speech articulation. The purpose of this study was to examine influence of partial denture on speech quality and to show eventual differences in pronunciation of dental sounds c[ts], z [z], s [s] and postalveolar sounds c [t], z [3] and s [integral of]. We have examined differences in pronunciation between subjects with removable partial dentures, the same group without partial dentures and a control group. The study was performed on 30 subjects with removable partial dentures and 30 subjects with complete dental arch. All subjects were recorded while reading six Croatian words containing the examined sounds. Recordings were analyzed with Multispeech Program (Kay Elemetrics Inc.). Acoustic analysis--LPC (linear prediction coding) provided formant peaks (Hz) for each examined sound, its intensity (dB) and formant bandwidths (Hz). Results showed that subjects with partial dentures had 50% less distorted variables and that prostheses did not completely restore articulation of postalveolar sounds. Groups with and without prostheses had lower formant peaks intensities and wider formant bandwidths in comparison to the control group. Partial dentures have not significantly interfered with resonance frequency. At the same time, pronunciation of the examined sounds was significantly improved. However, precision of the articulation movements has deteriorated.     

Influence of surface treatments on the flexural strength of denture base repair

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00454.x Influence of surface treatments on the flexural strength of denture base repair Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of repairs made with autopolymerising acrylic resin after different treatments of joint surfaces. Material and Methods: Fifty rectangular specimens were made with heat‐polymerised acrylic resin and 40 were repaired with autopolymerising acrylic resin following joint surface treatments: group 1 (intact specimens), group 2 (chemical treatment: wetting with methyl‐methacrylate for 180 s), group 3 (abraded with silicon carbide paper), group 4 (abraded and wetting with methyl‐methacrylate for 180 s) and group 5 (without surface treatment). The flexural strength was measured by a three‐point bending test using a universal testing machine with a 100 Kgf load cell in the centre of repair at 5 mm/min cross‐head speed. All data were analysed using one‐way anova and Tukey HSD test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Results: Among repaired specimens, groups 2 and 4 had 66.53 ± 3.4 and 69.38 ± 1.8 MPa mean values and were similar. These groups had superior flexural strength than groups 3 and 5 that were similar and had 54.11 ± 3.4 and 51.24 ± 2.8 MPa mean values, respectively. Group 1 had a mean value of 108.30 ± 2.8 MPa being the highest result. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the treatment of the joint surfaces with methyl‐methacrylate increases the flexural strength of denture base repairs, although the strength is still lower than that observed for the intact denture base resin. Abrasion with sandpaper was not able to influence the flexural strength of repaired denture bases.