复合驱油菌系的构建及驱油性能测定

目的利用不同驱油功能菌株构建有效复合驱油菌系。方法对不同组合的驱油菌系分别进行石油降解实验、乳化实验、表面张力测定以及岩心驱替实验等。结果通过实验得到一组复合驱油菌系,在岩心驱替实验中将采收率提高了9.6%。结论通过实验构建复合驱油菌系,得到其最佳配比以及最佳菌种比例,可有效提高石油采收率。     

内源微生物驱油及其对油藏微生物活动的影响

【目的】新疆油田六中区为典型水驱普通稠油油藏,水驱效果较差,油藏具有丰富的内源微生物,本研究通过分析内源微生物驱油对油藏微生物活动的影响,确定内源微生物驱油技术在该类油藏的应用潜力。【方法】采用高通量测序及分析化学技术,系统研究实施内源微生物驱油技术后油藏细菌群落结构组成、细菌总数和功能菌群的浓度以及采出液的流体性质,总结内源微生物驱油对油藏微生物活动的影响。【结果】现场试验注入激活剂和空气后,内源微生物被显著激活,细菌群落结构发生明显变化,细菌总数及功能菌群浓度普遍提高了2–3个数量级;各种内源微生物代谢活动显著增强,与地层流体相互作用后,原油明显被乳化,最终石油采收率提高5.2%。【结论】对于内源微生物较为丰富的水驱普通稠油油藏,内源微生物驱油技术对油藏微生物活动的影响显著,具有显著的技术优势和较大的应用潜力,微生物群落结构、功能菌群浓度及其相关代谢产物可以作为评价内源微生物驱油现场激活效果的重要指标,为其他内源微生物驱油现场试验提供技术参考。     

微生物驱油：基础理论期待突破

[中油网2006年11月1日报道：在油田开发中后期,往往呈现三高（高含水、高采油速度、高采出程度）、三低（低产量、低动液面、低地层压力）、两快（自然递减快、综合递减快）的特征。】     

高温高盐油藏微生物驱技术研究

青海油田跃进油区尕斯油藏中浅层地层平均温度65℃,地层水矿化度高达10％～17％。为探索微生物采油的可行性,对尕斯油藏地层水进行微生物种类及数量的鉴定,在分析地层水组分的基础上,设计两种激活体系,并考证激活剂对本源微生物的激活效果以及作用原油的效果。在临近相同油藏条件的地层水中筛选到一株耐高温高矿化度的石油降解菌,该菌能够产生表面活性剂,降低菌液的表面张力,改变岩石的润湿性,从而确定出适于尕斯油藏的微生物采油方式。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及培养研究

从活性污泥中筛选出3株能产生高效絮凝活性的微生物,对其中1株TJ3进行其最佳培养条件及废水絮凝实验研究。结果表明TJ3的最佳培养条件为：以葡萄糖、蛋白胨作碳,氮源,初始pH值6～7,温度25～30℃,摇床转速120～160r/min,培养时间72h,可产生高絮凝活性的絮凝剂,对高岭土悬浊液絮凝率达92.4%,同时在最佳培养条件下,该菌所产絮凝剂对多种废水净化效果明显,尤其对净化分散兰染液,酵母菌菌液分离最为突出,絮凝率均在95%以上,具有较高的絮凝性能。     

聚合物驱后油藏内源微生物驱油研究与试验

我国大多数陆上主力油田已进入"双高"(高含水、高采出程度)开采阶段。为进一步提高聚合物驱后油藏的石油采收率,本研究发现了一种促进油藏内源微生物生长代谢的高效激活剂,且该激活剂已通过室内产气和物理模拟驱油实验及岩心电镜观察和454(Pyrosequencing)焦磷酸测序方法的评价。结果表明激活剂在高压容器中静置培养60 d后产气增压达到2 MPa,用量0.35 PV,浓度为1.8%(W/W)的激活剂溶液在聚合物驱后的天然岩心上石油采收率可再提高3%,并在电镜观察到岩心内部激活的内源微生物菌体及其代谢产物。现场于2011年12月在萨南南二区东块的1注4采井组开展了试验,监测到4口有效生产井的甲烷和二氧化碳气体δ13C(PDB)含量产生明显变化,与萨南南二区东块对照试验区产油量增幅35.9%,含水稳定在94%,在3年半期间阶段累计增油5 957 t,为同类油藏进一步提高石油采收率提供了一条有效途径。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选和发酵条件研究

设计了微生物絮凝剂产生菌菌种筛选模型,并从土壤和活性污泥中筛选到５１株絮凝剂产生菌,经复筛获得两株絮凝活性较高的菌株,分别定名为Ｎｏｃａｒｄｉａ,ＪＩＭ－８９和ＪＩＭ－１２７。对两株菌的发酵条件,特别是培养基组成,进行了初步研究。两株菌所产生的絮凝剂,对大肠杆菌悬液２０ｍｉｎ的絮凝活性在１０００ｕ／ｍｌ,最高可达１２４８ｕ／ｍｌ。     

生物竞争抑制作用对渤海J油田微生物降解驱油聚合物功能的影响

【目的】揭示可降解驱油用聚合物的油藏内源微生物群落组成,分析生物竞争抑制作用(bio-competitive exclusion,BCX)对微生物聚合物降解功能的影响。【方法】通过室内培养实验,观察BCX对驱油用聚合物黏度的影响,随后借助高通量测序技术分析渤海J油田中与聚合物降解相关的微生物菌种,并探寻样本中丰度较高的聚合物降解功能基因─酰胺酶、加氧酶、硫化氢生成酶基因。之后,比对测序结果,采用实时荧光定量法验证上述功能基因在样本之间的含量差异,最后进一步注释携带上述功能基因的微生物群落组成。【结果】BCX可有效地延缓驱油聚合物黏度的损失。油田中与聚合物降解相关的微生物有Acetomicrobium、 Tepidiphilus、Thermoanaerobacter、Fervidobacterium、Ralstonia、Halomonas、Roseovarius、Deferribacteraceae和Comamonadaceae等9类菌种。高通量测序分析得到样本中BCX可显著下调丰度的聚合物降解功能基因共计有7种,其中酰胺酶基因ansB、加氧酶基因ssuD在样本之间的含量经定量验证,发现...     

从杂草DRB中筛选微生物除草剂的研究

采用NPC和CVP富集培养基从马唐和狗尾草的根部分离到假单胞菌792株,欧氏菌515株,通过对大肠杆菌的抗代谢毒性试验,对原宿主的萌发抑制试验,杀草试验以及对两种草坪草的安全性试验,筛选的S7菌株能100%抑制狗尾草的种子萌发,对供试草坪草不仅没有负影响,而且对高羊茅的种子萌发还有轻微的促生作用,尽管S7在狗尾草的芽后处理中校正防效只有56.7%,但分析认为以杂草DRB作微生物除草剂的目标菌株会更有前途。     

Enzymatic conversion-based method for screening cyclic dipeptide-producing microbes

We developed a method for screening cyclic dipeptide-producing microbes by enzymatic conversion. In this method, cyclic dipeptides are detected by the combination of: (i) conversion of cyclic dipeptides to dehydro cyclic dipeptides by cyclo(Leu-Phe) oxidase and (ii) detection of the dehydro derivative by UV spectrophotometry using TLC or HPLC analysis based on the absorbance change caused by the conversion. Using this method, the actinomycete strain A8 was isolated as a cyclic dipeptide-producing strain. The cyclic dipeptides were purified from the microbial extract by enzymatic detection-guided fractionation, and their structures were determined to be cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) by spectroscopic methods.     

矿区废弃地土壤微生物及其生化活性

通过对浙江哩浦铜矿废弃地土壤的微生物、土壤酶活性及生化作用强度研究表明：矿区土壤微生物总数下降,各主要生理类群数量均呈下降趋势,土壤酶活性减弱,土壤生化作用强度降低,土壤微生物活性降低是矿区复垦土壤微生物和重要生态特征之一。     

New options to engineer biofuel microbes: Development and application of a high-throughput screening system

The number of recent efforts on rational metabolic engineering approaches to increase butanol production in Clostridium acetobutylicum are quite limited, demonstrating the physiological complexity of solventogenic clostridia. Since multiple largely unknown parameters determine a particular phenotype, an inverse strategy to select a phenotype of interest can be useful. However, the major constraint for explorative or combinatorial metabolic engineering approaches is the availability of a feasible screening method to select the desired phenotype from a large population in a high-throughput manner. Therefore, a semi-quantitative assay was developed to monitor alcohol production in microtiter cultures of C. acetobutylicum. The applicability of the screening system was evaluated by two examples. First, C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was chemically mutagenized and subjected to high butanol concentrations as a pre-selection step. Screening of the butanol-tolerant population resulted in the identification of mutants with >20% increased butanol production as compared to the wildtype. The second application example was based on a pre-engineered C. acetobutylicum strain with low acetone biosynthetic activity, but concomitantly reduced butanol titer. After chemical mutagenesis, a total of 4390 clones was analyzed and mutants with significantly increased butanol concentrations and similarly low acetone levels as the parental strain were selected. Thus, the suitability of the semi-quantitative screening system was validated, opening up new perspectives for combinatorial strategies to improve solventogenic clostridia and other biofuel microbes.     

Preliminary screening of neural network configurations for bioreactor applications

Summary A methodology and a computer code have been devised to perform a preliminary analysis of six types of neural networks commonly employed for bioreactor problems. Both static and time-varying data can be analysed, and the values of the parameters and/or sampling times can be chosen according to the system behavior. The results help to select a suitable network configuration for detailed training and application. This is illustrated for a fed-batch fermentation to produce recombinant -galactosidase.     

Preliminary screening of some Egyptian weeds for antimicrobial activity

Eleven Egyptian weeds collected from the Menoufeya district were screened for phytochemical compounds effective against several representatives of bacteria and yeasts. It was found that Soxhlet benzene extracts, especially those of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., were the most effective. Alkaloids and flavonoids of Capsella gave the highest antibiotic potencies and had the broadest antimicrobial spectra. It is suggested that these alkaloids might consist of yohimbine and ergocristine and the flavonoids included the flavone diosmin.