葫芦岛地区育龄期女性甲状腺功能指标的调查研究

目的探讨葫芦岛地区育龄期女性甲状腺功能水平与孕前促甲状腺激素(TSH)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)筛查对优生优育的意义。方法选择葫芦岛市1 540例育龄女性,采用罗氏电化学发光E602检测血清TSH、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)和TPO-Ab。结果 1 540例育龄妇女中,TSH异常135例,总异常率为8.7%,不同年龄组间TSH的异常率差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.56,P0.05)。TPO-Ab总阳性率为8.2%,TSH正常与异常组间的比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.84,P0.05)。进一步分层分析,TSH异常者中,甲亢与甲减组TPO-Ab阳性率的比较组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.043,P0.05)。结论葫芦岛地区育龄期女性甲状腺功能异常率较高,应对孕产妇常规进行甲状腺功能检测。     

TORCH感染对育龄妇女不孕不育的影响

目的分析单纯疱疹病毒、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、弓形虫感染(TORCH感染)对育龄妇女不孕不育以及不良妊娠结局的影响,为优生优育提供参考。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2017年6月义乌市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心体检者的病例资料,选择女性不孕不育患者300例(不孕不育组)及正常妊娠者616例(对照组)为研究对象,应用ELISA检测各组对象TORCH-IgM,比较两组对象的TORCH感染状况。结果不孕不育组TORCH-IgM总体阳性率为17.0%(51/300),高于对照组的4.55%(28/616),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。不孕不育组的单一感染与混合感染率分别为12.67%和4.33%,高于对照组的4.06%和0.49%,两组对象单一感染率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TORCH感染的孕妇不良妊娠结局比例高于未感染者(51.85%vs 0.74%,χ2=-44.932,P0.01)。结论 TORCH感染可影响育龄妇女的孕育状况,常规开展TORCH检测有利于降低育龄妇女的不孕不育率,对优生优育的开展有重要意义。     

昆明儿童呼吸道感染9种病原体IgM抗体检测结果分析

目的分析2016年1—12月1 136例门诊及住院拟诊呼吸道感染的4月龄～12岁患者,了解昆明地区儿童呼吸道感染患者中9种常见病原体(嗜肺军团菌、肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体、Q热立克次体、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒和副流感病毒)的感染情况。方法采用间接免疫荧光法,检测患儿的血清中9种病原体。通过SPSS统计软件比较分析阳性检测率在不同年龄、季节、性别患儿阳性病例数及阳性率的差异。结果1 136例儿童呼吸道感染患者中,IgM抗体检测阳性534例,阳性率为47%。9种病原体IgM抗体阳性率,MP阳性率最高(40.8%),COX最低(0.0%)。单一病原体感染487例,阳性率为42.9%,混合病原体感染47例,阳性率为4.1%。统计分析结果显示,各年龄组(婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前期组、学龄期组),学龄期组IgM阳性率最高(54.1%),幼儿组最低(39.8%),组间差异有统计学意义(X~2=18.729、P0.05)。春、夏、秋、冬IgM阳性率分别是44.9%、53.5%、43.8%和45.5%,组间差异无统计学意义(X~2=6.657、P=0.084,P0.05)。患者男女性别IgM阳性率分别是37.8%和58.8%,组间差异有统计学意义(X~2=49.562、P0.05)。结论昆明地区儿童呼吸道感染以MP为主,学龄前期及学龄期儿童感染率较高,无季节差异,女性患儿多于男性。     

大连地区住院患儿急性呼吸道感染流行病学调查

目的分析大连地区急性呼吸道感染患儿病原体检测结果及流行情况,为临床早期诊断、治疗及预防提供依据。方法调查2015年1月-2016年7月医院住院急性呼吸道感染患儿2 944例,采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)对呼吸道感染患儿血液中的呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)、腺病毒(adenovirus,ADV)、流感病毒A型(influenza virus type A,IFA)、流感病毒B型(influenza virus type B,IFB)、副流感病毒(parainfluenza virus,PIV)、肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumoniae,CP)、肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumonia,MP)和嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila,LP)8种病原体进行检测。结果 2 944例患儿中血清IgM抗体阳性共1 280例,总阳性率为43.48%(1 280/2 944),主要为IFB和MP感染:IFB阳性率最高,为16.68%(491/2 944);其次为MP,阳性率为14.44%(425/2 944)。ADV各年龄组之间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.286,P=0.5930.05),其余各种病原体不同年龄组之间差异均有统计学意义。其中IFB、MP在3~6岁组中检出率最高;RSV在0~1岁组中检出率明显高于其他年龄组。MP男女患儿组间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.671,P=0.0060.05),其余各项差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。IFB第二季度和第三季度检出率高于其他季度,MP在第三季度检出率最高,IFA、LP、CP也同样是第三季度检出率最高,PIV和ADV各季度检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),RSV在第一季度检出率略高于其他季度。结论大连地区引起患儿呼吸道感染的病原体主要是IFB和MP,针对不同年龄组、不同季度的感染情况,应做好重点预防工作。     

2018年河南省健康人群麻疹抗体水平及其影响因素分析

目的了解2018年河南省健康人群麻疹(measles)抗体的抗体阳性率和抗体浓度探讨其影响因素,为麻疹防控提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,用系统抽样的方法随机抽取部分县区的健康人群,填写调查表并采集血清,使用ELISA检测血清中麻疹抗体。按人口特征分别计算麻疹抗体阳性率和麻疹抗体浓度。采用χ~2检验统计不同人群特征之间麻疹抗体阳性率差异,采用单因素方差分析统计不同人群特征之间平均抗体浓度差异。采用logistic回归的方法分析麻疹抗体阳性率的影响因素。结果调查的649名健康人群中,麻疹抗体阳性率为85.21%,麻疹抗体浓度为745.99 mIU/mL。1～3岁组麻疹抗体阳性率最高,为93.33%;0～1岁组最低,仅为66.67%;各年龄组间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.144、P=0.001,P0.05);麻疹抗体浓度1～3岁组最高,为1 096.05 mIU/mL,7～15岁组最低,为489.62 mIU/mL,各年龄组间抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=12.553、P=0.001,P0.05)。麻疹抗体阳性率孟津县最高,达到94.52%,原阳县最低,为76.82%,各县区间麻疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=31.156、P=0.001,P0.05);麻疹抗体浓度孟津县最高,达到906.43 mIU/mL,原阳县最低,为429.18 mIU/mL,各县区间麻疹抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=25.201、P=0.001,P0.05)。麻疹抗体阳性率和抗体浓度均呈现女性略高于男性,且男女性别差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。医务工作者麻疹抗体阳性率最高,为90.48%;公共场所服务人员仅有55.56%;不同职业麻疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=52.266、P=0.001,P0.05);农民的麻疹抗体浓度最高,高到1 112.92 mIU/mL;公共场所服务人员最低,仅有458.47 mIU/mL;各职业间麻疹抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=11.804、P=0.001,P0.05)。县区、职业及年龄组是麻疹抗体阳性率主要的影响因素。县区、职业及年龄组χ~2值分别为6.101、12.375、18.478,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。县区因素、职业因素的回归系数β0.000,年龄组是影响麻疹抗体阳性率升高的因素,其回归系数β0.000是影响麻疹抗体阳性率降低的因素;OR值分别为1.001、1.816和0.567。性别不是麻疹抗体阳性率的影响因素。结论河南省2018年麻疹抗体水平较低,麻疹抗体水平存在年龄、地区和职业差异,需及时监测麻疹抗体水平和调整免疫策略,继续加强常规麻疹疫苗的免疫接种,适时考虑对易感人群进行强化免疫,方能构建更完善的免疫屏障。     

2020年广州市荔湾区健康人群麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测分析

目的了解广州市荔湾区2020年健康人群的麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平,为本地制定免疫规划策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法确定被调查对象,采集血液标本共238份,进行麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测并进行分析。结果 ELISA检测血清样本共238份,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率分别为97.06%、92.02%和79.41%,抗体几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration, GMC)分别为1 204.65、43.38和290.38 mIU/mL。男女性别比为1.02∶1,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2～4岁组麻疹IgG阳性率最低,不同年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.158,P0.05);0～1岁组的风疹IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=36.980,P0.05);0～1岁组水痘IgG抗体阳性率非常低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=30.832,P0.05)。接种麻疹疫苗≥2剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率为95.10%,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.448,P0.05);接种风疹疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.020,P0.05);接种水痘减毒活疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,接种2剂次的阳性率最高,不同免疫史差异有统计学意义(P=0.010,P0.05)。结论本区麻疹、风疹IgG抗体均维持在较高水平并有所提高;水痘IgG抗体水平较低,存在暴发、流行的可能。应加强麻疹、风疹免疫接种和查漏补种工作;有针对性地宣传水痘减毒活疫苗并推广接种;还须积极开展麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平监测。     

326例儿童缺铁性贫血与感染幽门螺杆菌关系探究

目的分析幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)对儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)的影响,探讨H.pylori感染与儿童IDA的相关性,提高儿童IDA诊治率。方法应用~(13)C-呼气试验和胶体金法检测326例IDA患儿及211例健康儿童H.pylori感染情况,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果 326例IDA患儿中H.pylori检测阳性217例(阳性率为66.56%),健康组儿童H.pylori检测阳性47例(阳性率为22.27%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=100.54,P0.01)。2-6岁组分别与7-9岁组及10-12岁组H.pylori阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(X~2=8.61、21.46,P0.05),7-9岁组较10-12组H.pylori阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(X~2=2.62,P0.05)。其中女患儿H.pylori阳性率为78.06%(121/155),男患儿H.pylori阳性率为56.14%(96/171),两者比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=17.55,P0.01),且不同年龄组男女阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义。217例H.pylori感染的IDA患儿以轻度贫血为主,占95.85%(208/217)。结论H.pylori感染与儿童IDA之间存在相关性。     

2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹和风疹抗体水平调查分析

目的调查分析吉林省2016年健康从业人员的麻疹(measles)和风疹(rubella)的抗体水平。方法采用方便抽样的方法,采集吉林省2016年各地区18岁及以上健康从业人员1 419人的血清,检测其麻疹和风疹的IgG抗体,进行描述性分析。结果 2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为91.26%,风疹IgG抗体阳性率为81.46%。麻疹和风疹报告病例的时间分布,主要流行季节均在春季。吉林省8个地市麻疹IgG抗体阳性率在82.00%～98.00%之间,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=35.59,P<0.05);风疹IgG抗体阳性率在63.75%～86.24%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=37.49,P<0.05)。男性与女性麻疹IgG抗体阳性率分别为92.64%和90.70%,性别差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.38、P=1.42,P>0.05);男性与女性的风疹IgG抗体阳性率分别为82.84%和80.91%,性别差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.72,P=0.22,P>0.05)。各年龄组麻疹IgG抗体阳性率在88.73%～100.00%之间,年龄差异无统计学意义(χ~2=7.11、P=0.21,P>0.05);风疹IgG抗体阳性率在75.00%～88.89%之间,年龄差异无统计学意义(χ~2=11.24、P=0.47,P>0.05)。结论 2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹和风疹的IgG抗体阳性率未达到可形成免疫屏障的水平,建议对该人群开展麻疹和风疹疫苗加强免疫。     

冠心病患者血清中血管内皮细胞生长因子水平与幽门螺杆菌抗体相关性研究

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)患者血清中血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)水平与幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)抗体之间的相关性。方法选取2013年2月至2015年2月医院接受治疗的冠心病患者共60例,以及60例体检没有冠心病的健康者,对患者的VEGF和Hp-IgG进行检测,观察两组的测定结果。结果观察组患者Hp-IgG阳性的例数明显高于对照组,Hp-IgG阴性的例数率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.873,P0.001);观察组患者Hp-IgG阳性血清VEGF(t=20.37,P0.05)和Hp-IgG阴性血清VEGF水平明显低于对照组(t=9.02,P0.05),对比差异有统计学意义。结论 CHD患者血清中VEGF水平与H.pylori感染情况有很大关系,对VEGF和Hp-IgG实施检测,对冠心病疾病的发展、病变、诊断、预后都有非常重要的意义。     

邯郸市女性人乳头瘤病毒中和抗体研究

目的了解邯郸市女性人群人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus, HPV)中和抗体的研究,为当地制定适当的宫颈癌(uterine cervical carcinoma, UCC)防控策略和HPV疫苗接种提供依据。方法采用横断面的调查方法,以2019年9—12月河北工程大学附属医院就诊未接种过HPV疫苗的女性为调查对象,开展流行病学调查。采集血清样本,假病毒中和试验检测9种HPV基因型的血清中和抗体。结果 216份血清样本检出HPV阳性血清33份,阳性率15.28%。低危型血清13份,阳性率6.02%(95%CI:3.24%～10.07%);高危型血清27份,阳性率为12.50%(95%CI:8.4%～17.66%)。各基因型的中和抗体GMT为120～696。33份HPV阳性血清样本中,单一阳性血清样本22份,单一高危型阳性就有17份,占77.21%;多重阳性血清样本11份,均为多重高危型阳性样本。5个年龄组中,第1、2、3组的女性人群HPV阳性血清随着年龄的增长明显增加,而第4、5组则随着年龄的增长明显下降;第3组HPV检测出阳性血清最多,有12份,阳性率为25.00%;第5组HPV阳性血清检出最少,仅有3份,阳性率为15.00%,年龄组间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.957、P=0.292,P0.05)。乡镇和市区HPV阳性率分别为16.91%、12.50%;单一和多重HPV感染乡镇均高于城区,地区间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.757、P=0.384,P0.05)。中专及高中以上人群HPV阳性率最高,占20.27%,其单一阳性率高于其他人群,不同文化程度人群HPV阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.152、P=0.207,P0.05)。结论邯郸市5个未接种过HPV疫苗年龄组均检出HPV抗体,自然感染产生的中和抗体滴度不高,阳性率处于全国较低水平。高危型血清样本阳性率很高,须及时采取主动干预措施,提高人群对HPV感染的认知,并在特定年龄段积极推广HPV多价疫苗的接种和提高接种率。     

Race and Racism in America and in Anthropology

Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview . Audrey Smedley
Anthropology and Race . Eugenia Shanklin     

Degradation and conversion of somatostatin in normal and diabetic rats in vivo and in vitro

Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the portal and jugular veins of streptozotocin diabetic rats was compared with that in normal control rats. In the diabetic group, somatostatin levels in the portal (p less than 0.05) and jugular (p less than 0.01) veins were both elevated compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the degree of elevation was greater in the jugular vein than in the portal vein. To further investigate the role of the liver in the clearance of somatostatin-28 in vivo, 2 micrograms of somatostatin-28 was administered as a bolus into the external jugular vein of intact and functionally hepatectomized rats. The mean half-time of somatostatin-28 was significantly longer in intact diabetic rats than in controls (p less than 0.05). The functional hepatectomy did not cause a significant difference in the half-time in diabetic rats but made it longer in control rats. These results suggest that the longer half-time of somatostatin-28 in diabetic rats in vivo is due to its slower hepatic clearance. The hepatic clearance of somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 was further studied in vitro using a recirculating liver perfusion method. The hepatic clearance of 1.2 nM of either somatostatin-28 or somatostatin-14 was significantly lower in diabetic rats than in controls (p less than 0.01). This indicates that elevated plasma somatostatin levels in diabetic rats are caused at least in part by decreased hepatic clearance of somatostatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

MPD and DNA Bending in Crystals and in Solution

Bending of 15 to 24° is observed within crystal structures ofB-DNA duplexes, is strongly sequence-dependent, and exhibits no correlation with the concentration of MPD (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol) in the crystallizing solution. Two types of bends are observed: facultative bends or flexible hinges at junctions between regions of G·C and A·T base-pairs, and a persistent and almost obligatory bend at the center of the sequence R-G-C-Y. Only A-tracts are characteristically straight and unbent in every crystal structure examined to date. A detailed examination of normal vector plots for individual strands of a double helix provides an explanation, in terms of the stacking properties of guanine and adenine bases. The effect of high MPD concentrations, in both solution and crystal, is to decrease local bending somewhat without removing it altogether. MPD gel retardation experiments provide no basis for choosing among the three models that seek to explain macroscopic curvature of DNA by means of microscopic bending: junction bending, bent A-tracts, or bent general- sequence DNA. Crystallographic data on the straightness of A-tracts, the bendability of non-A sequences, and the identity of inclination angles in A-tract and non-A-tractB-DNA support only the general-sequence bending model. The pre-melting transition observed in A-tract DNA probably represents a relaxation of stiff adenine stacks to a flexible conformation more typical of general-sequence DNA.     

Update in research and methods in proteomics and bioinformatics

The 3rd International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Proteomics 2013)

Philadelphia, PA, USA, 15–17 July 2013

The Third International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Proteomics 2013) was sponsored by the OMICS group and was organized in order to strengthen the future of proteomics science by bringing together professionals, researchers and scholars from leading universities across the globe. The main topics of this conference included the integration of novel platforms in data analysis, the use of a systems biology approach, different novel mass spectrometry platforms and biomarker discovery methods. The conference was divided into proteomic methods and research interests. Among these two categories, interactions between methods in proteomics and bioinformatics, as well as other research methodologies, were discussed. Exceptional topics from the keynote forum, oral presentations and the poster session have been highlighted. The topics range from new techniques for analyzing proteomics data, to new models designed to help better understand genetic variations to the differences in the salivary proteomes of HIV-infected patients.     

Parasitism and epibiosis in native and non-native gammarids in freshwater in Ireland

The introduced amphipod crustaceans Gammarus pulex and G. tigrinus are displacing the native G. ducheni celticus in a number of freshwater sites in Northern Ireland. We investigated parasite and epibiont infection in populations in the Rivet Lagan and Lough Neagh where both native and invading species occur. Prevalence of the four parasites and epibionts observed was higher in the native G. d. celticus than in the invading amphipods at both field sites. In Lough Neagh. G. d. celticus individuals suffered higher burdens of the rotifer Embata parasitica and the protozoan Epistylis in comparison with the invading species. These patterns may reflect host specificity by the parasites or may result from different susceptibilities of the native and invading host species. We consider the influence of parasitism on host invasions and resulting species distributions.