乙型肝炎病毒核酸（HBV-DNA）检测程序的方法学性能评价

摘 要：目的 对本实验室乙型肝炎病毒核酸(HBV DNA)定量检测程序方法学性能进行评价,以了解其方法学性能是否符合临床及本实验室检测要求。方法 分别取高浓度(HP)和低浓度(LP)两个水平的患者标本对精密度进行评价,取国家标准品（L1-L6）对正确度、线性范围及检测下限进行评价。结果 高浓度(HP)和低浓度(LP)两个水平的患者标本CV均低于5.0%,精密度符合要求;L1-L6检测结果均在国家标准品的允许范围内,正确度符合要求;a=0.9867,r2=0.9985,线性范围符合要求;国家标准品中的L4稀释后,300 IU/mL、500 IU/mL均可检出,符合试剂盒的检测灵敏度要求。结论 本室所评价的试剂盒方法学性能指标均符合要求,适合在本室开展。     

HBV-DNA试剂盒检测下限及线性范围下限精密度的性能评估

针对某厂家乙型肝炎病毒核酸（Hepatitis B virus nucleic acid,HBV-DNA）定量测定试剂盒声明的检测下限及线性范围下限的批内精密度进行补充评估，以保证检验结果的可重复性以及检验报告的准确性。参照CNASGL037《临床化学定量检验程序性能验证指南》、CNAS-GL039《分子诊断检验程序性能验证指南》以及中华人民共和国医药行业标准YY/T 1182-2010《核酸扩增检测用试剂（盒）》，基于ABI STEPONE PLUS实时荧光定量PCR仪检测某厂家HBV-DNA定量测定试剂盒声明的检测下限浓度（30 IU/mL）和线性范围下限浓度（100 IU/mL）的临床血清样本，进行相关性能评估。本次评估结果显示检测下限浓度为50 IU/mL(20次检测结果检出率≥90%)，线性范围内最低检测浓度水平为300 IU/mL（变异系数CV<5%），与某厂家HBV-DNA定量测定试剂盒申明的检测下限不相符，批内CV<5%不能覆盖整个线性范围，故本实验室根据评估结论完善了HBV-DNA定量测定结果的审核规则，以保证检验结果的可重复性以及检验报告的准确性，为临床...     

基于磁珠法的荧光定量PCR检测HBV-DNA临床应用评价

目的评价基于磁珠法的荧光定量PCR检测HBV-DNA的临床应用。方法选用磁珠法定量检测试剂和煮沸法定量检测试剂,对一系列临床患者血清标本进行检测,比较两种试剂检出率的差异;通过浓度为1×108的样本的梯度稀释结果考察两者的灵敏度和线性范围。结果 68例临床样本中,磁珠法试剂检测的阳性率为69.12%,煮沸法试剂检测的阳性率为32.35%(P0.05);两种试剂对103IU/m L阳性样本检测结果:y=0.913x-0.261,r=0.919;磁珠法线性范围3.9×(101~108),灵敏度39 IU/m L,煮沸法线性范围2.4×(102~107),灵敏度240 IU/m L。结论磁珠法核酸提取试剂线性范围宽,灵敏度高,临床检出率明显高于煮沸法,对于高浓度和低浓度样本都能准确的定值,适合于乙肝治疗后监测与体检筛查。     

Beacon公司微囊藻毒素检测试剂盒的性能评价

对一种进口微囊藻毒素ELISA试剂盒进行应用性能评价。用该试剂盒进行精密度实验,标准品添加回收实验,交叉反应实验以及样品检测比较实验。试剂盒的分析内检测精密度较高,分析间检测精密度偏低,加标回收率在73.5-97.8%之间,试剂盒抗体与MC-LR的交叉反应率很高,但与MC-RR、MC-LW、MC-LF等微囊藻毒素异构体交叉反应率偏低,在水样的测定中,试剂盒检测结果与本实验室方法检测结果基本一致。该试剂盒基本能够满足对水体中MC-LR的定性和定量检测要求。     

人抗凝血酶Ⅲ效价检测方法验证及应用

本文参照药品质量标准分析方法验证指导原则,在验证中对专属性、线性、准确度、中间精密度、重复性和范围6个参数进行确认,以考察成都蓉生药业有限公司新建立的人抗凝血酶Ⅲ(Antithrombin III,ATIII)效价检测方法是否符合要求。通过验证,人抗凝血酶Ⅲ效价检测方法在专属性、线性、准确度、中间精密度、重复性和范围6个方面均符合要求,因此此方法可用于成都蓉生药业有限公司人抗凝血酶Ⅲ效价检测。通过验证确认人抗凝血酶Ⅲ效价检测方法的检测范围是0.0057-0.0130IU/ml。     

ELISA试剂盒检测Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗Vero细胞宿主蛋白残留量的验证

目的 验证ELISA试剂盒检测Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine, sIPV)中Vero细胞宿主细胞蛋白(host cell protein, HCP)残留量的适用性。方法 用同一批ELISA试剂盒检测sIPV中Vero细胞HCP残留量,验证其专属性、重复性、中间精密度、准确度、线性、范围、定量限和耐用性等指标。结果 将样品用2种不同稀释液(样品稀释液和疫苗稀释液)稀释后,检测Vero细胞HCP残留量结果均<12.5 ng/mL,表明该方法专属性强;同一检验人员检测同一样品6次,Vero细胞HCP残留量结果均<12.5 ng/mL;不同检验人员检测同一样品6次,Vero细胞HCP残留量结果均<12.5 ng/mL,表明具有良好的重复性和中间精密度;准确度试验中回收率均在99%～106%,CV为2%;在12.5～400.0 ng/mL的线性范围内,标准曲线线性良好(R²>0.98);定量限为50.0 ng/mL;显色时间在25～35 min内对实验无影响,显色...     

检测脂肪酸化胰岛素放射免疫分析方法的建立

目的:建立一种高灵敏度、高特异性、操作简单快捷的放射免疫分析法(RIA),用于检测比格犬血浆中的脂肪酸化胰岛素。方法:所用试剂盒主要以豚抗胰岛素抗体为主要特异性试剂,利用均相竞争抑制原理,采用平衡竞争法对比格犬血浆进行直接测定。在该系统中加入未标记的标准品或样品,则标记抗原和非标记抗原将竞争有限且定量的抗体结合位点。结果:建立了检测脂肪酸化胰岛素的RIA法并进行了确证,方法的线性范围为3.125~800μU/mL,最低检测限为3.125μU/mL,批内和批间精密度分别为4.5%~7.0%和3.9%~7.6%,冻融稳定性和稀释稳定性等良好。结论:方法学确证结果表明,本研究建立的脂肪酸化胰岛素RIA检测方法符合新生物制品临床前药代动力学研究指导原则要求,可用于脂肪酸化胰岛素在临床前药代动力学试验的检测。     

牛布鲁氏菌病阳性血清国家标准品的研制

为制备标定凝集试验用的牛布鲁氏菌病阳性血清国家标准品,采集4份田间自然感染牛布鲁氏菌病的阳性血清作为候选物,经过筛选后,选择了3#血清用于标准品制备。对该标准品进行了物理性状、无菌检验、真空度测定、剩余水分检验、均匀性检测和稳定性试验,检测结果均符合要求。以国际标准品为参比,测定了该标准品的RBT、SAT和CFT效价,结果分别为1∶160“+”、1∶2 400“++”、1∶800“++”,与协作标定结果完全一致。该标准品以国际标准品溯源的国际单位含量为4 000 IU/mL。     

人促卵泡激素体外生物学活性测定方法的建立

目的:建立人促卵泡激素(FSH)体外生物学活性检测方法,并对方法进行验证。方法:以人卵巢颗粒细胞KGN为基质细胞,用不同浓度的FSH与KGN细胞表面的FSH受体结合,刺激细胞产生不同浓度的孕酮,通过测定细胞培养上清中的孕酮含量来评价FSH的生物学活性,结果用国际标准品进行校正;对方法的专属性、线性与范围、回收率、精密度、耐用性进行验证;对市售FSH产品进行检测,并与传统动物体内活性检测结果进行比较。结果:KGN细胞对FSH有很好的剂量反应关系,方法专属性符合要求;线性范围为0.1~200 ng/m L,相关系数R2≥0.99;回收率为80%~120%;经3次重复测定,3批市售样品和3批自制样品的活性分别为(13.4±0.4)~(13.5±0.8)和(12.9±0.7)~(14.3±1.2)IU/μg,变异系数在15%之内;结果显示该方法有很好的耐用性。测定3批市售重组人FSH产品和1批尿源FSH国家标准品,其体外活性测定结果与传统动物体内活性测定结果一致。结论:建立并验证了一种利用KGN细胞体外测定FSH生物学活性的方法,有望代替传统的动物体内活性测定方法,可用于FSH的生物学活性评价和质量控制。     

高敏化学发光免疫法定量测定乙肝表面抗原的性能评价

目的:验证和评价HISCL-5000化学发光分析仪检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)的性能。方法:对HISCL-5000系统定量检测项目HBsAg的精密度、线性范围、临床特异性与临床灵敏度、携带污染率、干扰试验、血清转化盘进行性能评价,并验证其参考区间,与ARCHITECT-i2000进行方法学比对。结果:HBsAg的批内精密度、批间精密度CV均小于10%,线性范围高、中、低浓度的R~20.95,临床特异性97.7%,临床灵敏度100.0%,携带污染率小于1%,干扰项目结果符合临床要求,血清盘转化可检出HBsAg由阳到阴的血清转化,参考区间符合厂家要求;比对试验的结果 R~20.95且总一致率达到93%。结论:HISCL-5000定量检测HBsAg具有高灵敏度、高特异性、线性宽、重复性好、准确度佳、快速、简便等优点,能大大提高HBsAg的检出率,很好地满足临床需要。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418