益生菌对肠易激综合征患者肠道微环境及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨益生菌对肠易激综合征患者肠道微环境及免疫功能的影响,为临床相关研究提供参考。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受治疗的肠易激综合征患者79例作为研究对象,根据治疗方案不同分为研究组(47例)和对照组(42例)。研究组患者采用双歧三联活菌联合美沙拉嗪治疗,对照组患者给予美沙拉嗪治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肠道内肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、粪肠球菌及类杆菌的变化情况,以及血清CD4~+,CD8~+及CD4~+/CD8~+水平,并评价两组的临床疗效。结果:治疗前,两组患者肠道菌群数量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者肠道内大肠杆菌及粪肠球菌数量均减少,且研究组少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者肠道内乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和类杆菌数量均增加,且研究组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者免疫功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者CD4~+T细胞以及CD4~+/CD8~+均显著高于治疗前,而CD8~+T细胞显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,研究组患者CD4~+T细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+均高于对照组,而CD8+T细胞低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的临床疗效(91.67%)高于对照组(76.67%),但两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:益生菌制剂治疗不仅能够调节肠易激综合征患者肠道内的菌群平衡,而且能够改善患者的免疫功能,值得临床推广应用。     

培菲康联合常规治疗对新生儿巨细胞病毒性肝炎的作用

目的探讨培菲康联合常规治疗对新生儿巨细胞病毒(CMV)性肝炎患者肝功能、免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响。方法选择2018年10月至2020年1月我院新生儿CMV性肝炎患儿104例,随机分为研究组与对照组,各52例。对照组患儿采取常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上加用培菲康。观察两组患儿临床疗效、治疗前后肝功能指标[总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(TBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)]、CMV免疫球蛋白M(IgM)及CMVDNA转阴率、肠道菌群(乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、酵母样真菌、肠杆菌)、免疫功能指标[干扰素γ(IFNγ)、白介素10(IL10)]水平及不良反应。结果研究组患儿总有效率(94.23%)高于对照组(78.85%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后6周和12周,研究组患儿TBA、TBIL、AST、ALT水平均低于对照组(均P<0.05);研究组CMVIgM及CMVDNA转阴率(78.85%、75.00%)均高于对照组(50.00%、44.23%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗后6周和12周,研究组患儿肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠杆菌数量均高于对照组,酵母样真菌数量低于对照组;同时研究组患儿血清IFNγ水平高于对照组,IL10水平低于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患儿不良反应发生率(17.31%)与对照组(13.46%)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论培菲康联合常规治疗能改善新生儿CMV性肝炎患儿肠道菌群分布,纠正其免疫紊乱状态,改善患儿肝功能,提高疗效,且安全可靠。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌对 儿童厌食症患者的疗效及其肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌对儿童厌食症患者的疗效及其肠道菌群的影响。方法选取儿科门诊就诊的儿童厌食症患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。两组患儿均予以调整饮食习惯及健胃消食药治疗。对照组患儿加用葡萄糖酸锌口服液10 mL/次,1次/d,口服。观察组患儿在对照组基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌散1.0～2.0 g/次,3次/d,温开水冲服。两组患儿均连用8周。观察并比较两组患儿治疗前后微量元素(铁和锌)及肠道菌群(乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和肠杆菌)的变化,并评估其临床效果。结果治疗8周后,两组患儿血清铁和锌含量均不同程度上升(P0.05),且观察组上升幅度较对照组更显著(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患儿肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量明显上升,肠杆菌数量明显下降(P0.05),而对照组患儿治疗前后肠道菌群数量变化无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患儿肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量高于对照组,肠杆菌数量低于对照组(P0.05),同时观察组患儿临床总有效率(95.00%)高于对照组(80.00%)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌对儿童厌食症患者的疗效确切,能增进患儿食欲和食量,其机制可能与其能能调节肠道菌群紊乱,改善患儿肠道微生态环境,促进肠道对铁和锌等微量元素的吸收和利用密切相关。     

老年冠心病患者血尿酸水平与肠道菌群的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病患者血尿酸(SUA)水平与肠道菌群的关系,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选择2018年5月至2019年5月我院收治的83例冠心病患者为研究组,选择同期我院83例健康体检者的作为对照组。比较两组对象SUA水平及粪便标本中肠道菌群分布情况(乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、幽门螺杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌);比较不同菌群紊乱程度冠心病患者SUA水平;比较不同SUA水平冠心病患者肠道菌群分布情况。采用Pearson相关分析冠心病患者SUA水平与肠道菌群相关性。结果研究组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),而肠道幽门螺杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌数量明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患者SUA水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),不同菌群紊乱程度冠心病患者SUA水平有差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同SUA水平冠心病患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、幽门螺杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌数量差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。冠心病患者SUA水平与肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量呈负相关(r=-0.872、-0.912,均P<0.001),与肠道幽门螺杆菌、大肠埃希菌、链球菌数量呈正相关(r=0.915、0.896、0.889,均P<0.001)。结论冠心病患者存在肠道细菌紊乱及高尿酸现象。冠心病患者SUA水平与肠道菌群显著相关,检测冠心病患者SUA水平对监测肠道菌群状态及治疗方案制定具有重要意义。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片对乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭合并感染患者肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响

目的分析双歧杆菌四联活菌片对乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)合并感染患者肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响,为该病的治疗提供参考。方法选择2017年12月至2018年12月我院收治的106例HBV-ACLF合并感染患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=53)与研究组(n=53)。对照组患者采用常规治疗,研究组患者在对照组基础上口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片,两组患者均治疗1个月。比较两组患者治疗总有效率及肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌)、免疫功能(CD4~+细胞、CD8~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+)、肝功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)]情况。结果研究组患者治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(90.57%vs 73.58%,χ~2=5.194,P=0.023)。治疗前,两组患者肠道双歧杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌数量及CD4~+细胞、CD8~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+、AST、ALT水平差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后,对照组患者肠道双歧杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌数量较治疗前差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),而研究组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量较治疗前显著升高,肠杆菌、肠球菌数量较治疗前显著下降(均P0.05)。治疗后两组患者CD4~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平较治疗前显著升高,CD8~+细胞、AST、ALT水平较治疗前显著下降(均P0.05)。治疗后研究组患者CD4~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平较对照组显著升高,CD8~+细胞、AST、ALT水平较对照组显著下降(均P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗HBV-ACLF合并感染患者的临床疗效较好,能够调节患者肠道菌群,改善患者免疫功能及肝功能,值得临床推广。     

乳果糖联合金双歧对肝硬化合并自发性腹膜炎患者 肠道微生态及黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探讨乳果糖联合金双歧对肝硬化合并自发性腹膜炎(SBP)患者肠道微生态及黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法选取2017年5月-2019年5月医院收治的60例肝硬化合并SBP患者,采用信封法将其分为常规组和联合组,各30例。常规组实施常规治疗,联合组在常规组基础上实施乳果糖联合金双歧治疗。采集两组患者粪便样本,采用Illumina Miseq测序平台检测并对比治疗前后两组患者肠道菌群多样性,并应用定量PCR技术检测肠道优势菌群相对量;采用口服糖分子探针乳果糖(LAC)、甘露醇(MAN)法评估治疗前后两组黏膜屏障功能的变化。结果治疗前两组多样性(Shannon)指数和丰富度(Chao)指数比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),治疗后联合组Shannon和Chao指数均高于常规组(均P0.05);治疗后联合组Shannon指数、Chao指数均高于治疗前(均P0.05),而常规组无变化(均P0.05)。治疗前2组乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠杆菌相对数量比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),治疗后联合组双歧杆菌相对数量高于常规组(P0.05),肠杆菌相对数量低于常规组(P0.05),乳杆菌相对数量无变化(P0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后联合组双歧杆菌相对数量增加(P0.05),肠杆菌减少(P0.05),乳杆菌无变化(P0.05);治疗前后常规组肠道优势菌群数量均无变化(均P0.05)。治疗前两组LAC、MAN排泄率及LAC/MAN比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),治疗后联合组LAC排泄率、LAC/MAN均低于常规组(均P0.05),MAN排泄率高于常规组(P0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后两组LAC排泄率、LAC/MAN均降低(均P0.05),联合组MAN排泄率升高(P0.05),常规组MAN排泄率无变化(P0.05)。两组临床疗效等级分布比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且联合组总有效率高于常规组(P0.05)。结论乳果糖联合金双歧辅助治疗肝硬化合并SBP,有助于调节肠道菌群,改善黏膜屏障功能。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合阿托伐他汀片对高脂血症患者血脂、载脂蛋白及肠道菌群水平的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合阿托伐他汀片对高脂血症患者血脂、载脂蛋白及肠道菌群水平的影响。方法选取心内科门诊治疗的高脂血症患者92例,随机分为研究组(n=46例)和对照组(n=46例)。对照组予以阿托伐他汀片10 mg/次,1次/d,口服。研究组加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,3次/d,温开水口服。两组疗程均为8周。两组患者治疗期间保持以往的饮食及生活习惯,未使用过抗生素、其他调脂及益生菌药。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血脂、载脂蛋白水平及肠道菌群数量的变化。结果研究组与对照组患者分别失访6例与4例,两组失访率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.45,P0.05)。治疗8周后,两组患者TC、TG、LDL-C和载脂蛋白B、E水平明显下降,HDL-C及载脂蛋白AI水平明显上升(P0.05),且研究组下降或上升幅度明显大于对照组(P0.05);同时两组患者肠球菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量较前明显上升(P0.05或P0.01),且研究组上升幅度明显大于对照组(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合阿托伐他汀片治疗高脂血症患者的降脂疗效确切,通过升高载脂蛋白AI水平,降低载脂蛋白B、E水平,具有良好的调脂作用,作用可能与其能恢复并调整肠道内菌群,从而改善其胃肠功能密切相关。     

厄贝沙坦片联合益生菌对高血压伴肥胖患者的疗效及对肠道菌群的调控作用

目的 探讨厄贝沙坦片联合益生菌对高血压伴肥胖患者的疗效及对肠道菌群的调控作用。方法 选取2021年10月—2022年10月本院400例高血压伴肥胖患者。随机法分组：对照组(200例)给予厄贝沙坦治疗,研究组(200例)在对照组基础上联用益生菌。比较两组治疗前后舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6水平和肠道菌群变化,统计治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后,研究组DBP、SBP、CRP和IL-6水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组乳杆菌、拟杆菌及双歧杆菌水平高于对照组,肠杆菌及肠球菌水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率为3.0%,对照组为4.5%,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.623,P=0.430)。结论 厄贝沙坦联合益生菌治疗高血压伴肥胖可提升患者血压控制效果,减轻炎症反应,改善肠道紊乱菌群,且不良反应少。     

益生菌制剂对轮状病毒性肠炎患儿肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

目的观察益生菌制剂辅助治疗儿童轮状病毒性肠炎的临床疗效及对患儿肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响。方法以160例轮状病毒性肠炎患儿为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=80)和研究组(n=80)。对照组患儿给予消旋卡多曲颗粒联合蒙脱石散治疗,研究组患儿在此基础上联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗。观察患儿治疗期间药物不良反应,患儿腹泻停止时间、发热消退时间和呕吐停止时间。分别于治疗前后检测患儿血清免疫球蛋白水平和肠道菌群状况,评价患儿治疗效果。结果研究组患儿腹泻停止时间[(2.41±0.70)d]、发热消退时间[(1.71±0.52)d]和呕吐停止时间[(2.09±0.62)d]均显著短于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患儿轮状病毒性肠炎总体治疗有效率显著高于对照组(95.00% vs 83.75%,χ²=5.331,P=0.021)。研究组患儿治疗后血清IgG和IgM水平[(5.83±0.59)g/L和(1.07±0.16)g/L]显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患儿治疗后肠道菌群正常者比例显著高于对照组(92.50% vs 76.25%,χ²=8.012,P=0.005)。两组患儿恶心、便秘、皮疹和嗜睡等药物不良反应总体发生率差异无统计学意义(10.00% vs 8.75%,χ²=0.074,P=0.786)。结论益生菌制剂可有效缩短轮状病毒性肠炎患儿临床症状改善周期,提高疗效,改善患儿免疫功能,纠正肠道菌群失调状况,且不增加药物不良反应,值得临床推广使用。     

强化护理对小儿急性腹泻患者症状、肠道菌群及 复发率的影响

目的探讨强化护理对小儿急性腹泻患者症状、肠道菌群及复发率的影响。方法选择十堰市妇幼保健院2015年8月至2017年8月收治的180例急性腹泻患儿为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分成观察组与对照组各90例。两组患者均进行常规对症处理。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者采用强化护理,两组患者护理周期为2周。比较两组患者退热时间、纠正脱水时间、止泻时间以及住院时间,以及干预前后患儿肠道菌群变化情况。每月上门随访1次,记录患者急性腹泻复发率,连续随访3个月。结果观察组患者退热时间、纠正脱水时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预前两组患者肠道乳杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、酵母样真菌数量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后两组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于干预前,肠球菌、酵母样真菌数量低于干预前,且观察组患者干预后乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于对照组,酵母样真菌数量低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者3个月内的复发率为3.33%,对照组为6.67%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与常规护理相比,强化护理能进一步促进急性腹泻患儿肠道菌群平衡,并缩短退热时间、纠正脱水与住院时间,值得临床推广。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.