分析阿奇霉素联合利巴韦林治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效

目的:观测阿奇霉素联合利巴韦林治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效.方法:治疗组90例,予以阿奇霉素和利巴韦林治疗;对照组90例,予以阿奇霉素治疗.结果:治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为为97.78%和86.66%,两组总有效率比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:小儿支原体肺炎多合并病毒双重感染,阿奇霉素联合利巴韦林治疗效果显著,病程短,值得临床推广.     

小剂量阿奇霉素联合吸入布地奈德和N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗特发性肺纤维化的临床疗效分析

目的:观察小剂量阿奇霉素联合吸入布地奈德和N-乙酰半胱氨酸对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)患者肺功能及支气管肺泡灌洗液炎症因子表达的影响。方法:随机将56例确诊为IPF的住院患者分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予常规治疗,吸氧,戒烟,吸入布地奈德及乙酰半胱氨酸;治疗组在常规治疗基础上加服小剂量阿奇霉素片。动态观察两组患者治疗3、6个月的疗效及肺功能的改善情况;完成2个疗程(6个月)治疗后,检测和比较两组支气管肺泡灌洗液相关炎症因子水平的变化。结果:治疗3个月时,两组患者的动脉血氧分压(PO2)、肺活量(VC)、1秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、最大通气量占预计值百分比(MVV%pred)、单位肺泡容积的一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比(DLCO/VA%pred)均较治疗前显著增加(P0.05);治疗6个月时,治疗组的有效率(20/26,76.9%)明显高于对照组(14/30,46.7%),且PO2、VC、FEV1%pred、MVV%pred及DLCO/VA%pred等肺功能指标均显著高于对照组(P0.05);对照组支气管肺泡灌洗液TNF-α、IL-8浓度均较治疗前降低(P0.05),IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ浓度较治疗前无明显变化;而治疗组支气管肺泡灌洗液TNF-α、IL-8、IL-4、IL-10浓度均较治疗前降低,IFN-γ浓度较治疗前明显增加(P0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素联合吸入布地奈德和N-乙酰半胱氨酸可能通过改变支气管肺泡灌洗液IFN-γ等炎症因子浓度有效改善IPF患者的肺功能。     

左氧氟沙星联合阿奇霉素治疗宫颈炎的临床疗效及作用评价

目的 探讨左氧氟沙星联合阿奇霉素治疗宫颈炎的临床疗效.方法 选择2020年3月～2021年3月治疗的90例宫颈炎患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组45例.对照组给予阿奇霉素治疗,观察组给予左氧氟沙星联合阿奇霉素治疗,观察比较两组患者的炎症因子水平、症状积分、药物不良反应情况.结果 治疗前,两组患者的炎症因子水平...     

阿奇霉素联合克拉霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效分析

目的探讨阿奇霉素联合克拉霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效,为临床提供参考。方法选取90例小儿支原体肺炎的患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予阿奇霉素进行治疗,治疗组给予阿奇霉素联合克拉霉素进行治疗,比较两组患者经治疗后的临床疗效、主要生理指标复常时间及不良反应等。结果经治疗后,对照组总有效率为72.1%,治疗组为95.3%,治疗组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在体温复常时间、咳嗽消失时间、症状好转时间及住院时间较对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未出现其他严重的不良反应。结论阿奇霉素联合克拉霉素用于治疗小儿支原体肺炎,可显著缩短生理指标复常时间,提高临床疗效,安全性较好,具有较大的临床借鉴意义。     

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的临床疗效。方法:选取于2010年1月-2012年1月收治的CAP患者145例,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组,其中治疗组73例,对照组72例。治疗组给予阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗,对照组只单纯给予应用阿莫西林克拉维酸钾。两组疗程均为7~14 d。于治疗后比较两组的临床疗效。结果:(1)治疗组治愈、显效、有效、无效分别为43例(58.9%)、16例(21.9%)、8例(11.0%)、6例(8.2%);对照组分别为20例(27.8%)、26例(36.1%)、14例(19.4%)、12例(16.7%)。两组疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)治疗组胃肠道反应、静脉滴注局部疼痛、皮疹的发生分别为6例(8.2%)、7例(9.6%)、3例(4.1%),总不良反应发生率为16例(21.9%);对照组分别为5例(6.9%)、6例(8.3%)、3例(4.2%)、14例(19.4%)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗CAP疗效好。     

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎的临床疗效研究

目的：探讨阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎（CAP）的临床疗效。方法：选取于2010年1月-2012年1月收治的CAP患者145例,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组,其中治疗组73例,对照组72例。治疗纽给予阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗,对照组只单纯给予应用阿莫西林克拉维酸钾。两组疗程均为7～14d。于治疗后比较两组的临床疗效。结果：（1）治疗组治愈、显效、有效、无效分别为43例（58．9％）、16例（21．9％）、8例（11．0％）、6例（8．2％）;对照组分别为20例（27．8％）、26例（36．1％）、14例（19．4％）、12例（16．7％）。两组疗效比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）治疗组胃肠道反应、静脉滴注局部疼痛、皮疹的发生分别为6例（8．2％）、7例（9．6％）、3例（4．1％）,总不良反应发生率为16例（21．9％）;对照组分别为5例（6．9％）、6例（8.3％）、3例（4．2％）、14例（19．4％）。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：阿莫西林克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗CAP疗效好。     

莨菪碱对阿奇霉素治疗肺炎患儿的影响

目的:观察山莨菪碱(654-2)减轻阿奇霉素治疗肺炎患儿过程不良反应的影响。方法:抽取住院肺炎患儿212例,随机分为阿奇霉素联合654-2注射液治疗组(106例)和阿奇霉素治疗组(106例)。观察两组的疗效。结果:阿奇霉素联合654-2注射液治疗组的副作用发生率低于阿奇霉素治疗组(P<0.05),且疗效前者也明显优于后者(P<0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素联合654-2注射液治疗肺炎患儿不仅可减轻副作用而且能提高疗效。     

益生菌高活菌酸奶联合肠内营养对肝纤维化患者的辅助治疗效果观察

比较观察两种微生态制剂联合肠内营养(EN)对肝纤维化患者的营养效果及肝功能的改善情况。

选择104例通过瞬时弹性成像技术(TE)排除肝硬化的慢性肝病患者, 并且营养风险筛查2002评分(NRS2002)≥3分, 按入院顺序随机数字表法分成观察组(益生菌高活菌数酸奶+EN)54例和对照组(金双歧+EN)50例。两组患者入院后24 h内开始启动肠内营养治疗, 观察组每日补充高活菌益生菌酸奶, 对照组给予肠内营养液加金双歧口服。对比3周后两组患者胃肠道情况、炎性指标、肝功能各项指标、肝纤维化改善程度及营养状况。

观察组与对照组患者在使用益生菌制剂3周后, 胃肠道症状均有改善, 其中观察组恶心、呕吐、腹胀的改善较对照组恢复程度更好(P < 0.05), 腹泻、便秘的缓解两组差异不大(P > 0.05)。通过血浆炎性指标分析, 观察组IL-1β、TNF-α下降较对照组明显(P < 0.05), 血清ALT、AST、GGT、ALP较治疗前降低明显, 与对照组相比血清ALT、GGT、ALP的改善较好, 差异均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。在治疗3周后, 肝纤维化指标结果显示, 观察组与对照组血清LN、Ⅳ-C水平均有下降, 观察组下降更为显著(P < 0.05), 但两组患者HA、PC-Ⅲ水平治疗前后均改变不明显, 与入院前相比差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。随着肝功能的纠正和肠内营养治疗, 肝脏合成蛋白的能力增强, 两组患者营养不良均有改善, 治疗3周后, 其中观察组血清ALB的提高较对照组显著, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。

长期服用益生菌酸奶有助于改善慢性肝病患者肠道微生态环境, 对早期肝脏纤维化有一定改善, 但是否有逆转肝纤维化的作用仍需大样本研究。

     

经期静脉滴注阿奇霉素治疗慢性附件炎临床42例分析

目的:分析经期静脉滴注阿奇霉素方法治疗慢性附件炎的临床效果。方法:随机抽取我院自2014年8月-2015年6月接诊的84例慢性附件炎患者,其中42例患者在月经期结束后第4天开始静脉滴注阿奇霉素及甲硝唑,为对照组;另外42例在月经来潮第1天开始静脉滴注阿奇霉素和甲硝唑,列为治疗。结论:经期静脉滴注阿奇霉素治疗慢性附件炎具有较高的治愈率,且患者不良反应较少,治疗过程安全,能够显著提升治疗效果,具有推广价值。     

阿奇霉素联合布地奈德治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨阿奇霉素联合布地奈德治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法 选取90例支原体肺炎患者,随机分为对照组和观察组（每组45例）,两组均常规给予药物进行对症治疗,在此基础上,对照组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法进行治疗,观察组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法联用布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗,两组均连续治疗14天,观察两组患者主要指标变化时间,临床疗效及不良反应等。结果 治疗后,观察组的临床总有效率为95.6%,显著高于对照组的80.0%;观察组的体温复常时间、咳嗽消失时间、症状好转时间及住院时间分别为（2.1±0.9）、（10.1±2.3）、（6.9±1.6）和（12.1±2.4）天,对照组分别为（4.6±1.6）、（12.3±3.1）、（8.4±2.4）和（15.8±3.7）天,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 阿奇霉素联合布地奈德用于治疗小儿支原体肺炎,可显著缩短主要指标复常时间,提高临床疗效,且安全性较好。     

Predictors of diagnosis and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease-related usual interstitial pneumonia

Background

Although usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) appears to portend better survival when associated with connective tissue disease (CTD-UIP), little is known about the presenting clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features that differentiate pathologically confirmed UIP with CTD from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In patients with atypical radiologic and clinical features, what specific findings predict underlying IPF vs. CTD-UIP diagnosis and their respective long term survival?

Methods

A large retrospective cohort analysis was done of consecutive patients seen from 1995 through 2010 with biopsy confirmed UIP completed or reviewed at our institution. CTD-UIP was defined by independent rheumatology consultation with exclusion of all other secondary causes of lung fibrosis. Primary clinical data was collected and compared for IPF and CTD-UIP along with logistic regression performed for predictors of disease likelihood and Cox proportional hazards analysis for predictors of survival.

Results

Six hundred and twenty five patients were included in the study of which 89 had diagnosed CTD-UIP representing 7 disease entities. Survival was better among those with CTD-UIP except in UIP associated with rheumatoid arthritis, which had similar presenting features and survival to IPF. Predictors of underlying CTD included female gender, younger age, positive autoimmune serology, and inconsistent presenting radiologic findings. Only age and forced vital capacity corrected for a priori covariates were predictive of survival in CTD-UIP.

Conclusions

UIP pathology occurs frequently among patients with atypically presenting clinical and radiologic features, and may represent IPF or CTD-UIP with improved prognosis if underlying CTD is diagnosed. Presenting radiologic and pathologic features alone are not predictive of underlying secondary cause or survival between the two groups.     

Acute exacerbations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, fibrosing interstitial lung disease that primarily affects older adults. Median survival after diagnosis is 2–3 years. The clinical course of IPF may include periods of acute deterioration in respiratory function, which are termed acute exacerbations of IPF (AEx-IPF) when a cause cannot be identified. AEx-IPF may represent a sudden acceleration of the underlying disease process of IPF, or a biologically distinct pathological process that is clinically undiagnosed. An AEx-IPF can occur at any time during the course of IPF and may be the presenting manifestation. The incidence of AEx-IPF is hard to establish due to variation in the methodology used to assess AEx-IPF in different studies, but AEx-IPF are believed to occur in between 5 and 10% of patients with IPF every year. Risk factors for AEx-IPF are unclear, but there is evidence that poorer lung function increases the risk of an AEx-IPF and reduces the chances of a patient surviving an AEx-IPF. The presence of comorbidities such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and pulmonary hypertension may also increase the risk of an AEx-IPF. AEx-IPF are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients who experience an AEx-IPF show a worsened prognosis and AEx-IPF are believed to reflect disease progression in IPF. Current treatments for AEx-IPF have only limited data to support their effectiveness. The latest international treatment guidelines state that supportive care remains the mainstay of treatment for AEx-IPF, but also give a weak recommendation for the treatment of the majority of patients with AEx-IPF with corticosteroids. There is emerging evidence from clinical trials of investigational therapies that chronic treatment of IPF may reduce the incidence of AEx-IPF. Additional clinical trials investigating this are underway.     

Synthesis and biological activity of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines as potent JAK3 inhibitors for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious and fatal lung disease, with a median survival of only 3–5 years from diagnosis. Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) has a well-established role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and autoimmune-related pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, through the use of a conformationally-constrained design strategy, a series of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines were synthesized as potent JAK3 inhibitors for the treatment of IPF. Among them, the most potent JAK3 inhibitor, namely 8e (IC₅₀ = 1.38 nM), significantly reduced the degree of airsacculitis and fibrosis according to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining assay for the lung tissue in the bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. The clear reduction of the lung collagen deposition by the determination of Masson and hydroxyproline (HYP) content also demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of fibrosis. In addition, 8e also reduced the expression of the inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissue, which indicated its higher anti-inflammatory activity compared with that of the reference agents (nintedanib and gefitinib). Furthermore, it possessed low cytotoxicity against normal human bronchial epithelia (HBE) cells (IC₅₀ > 39.0 μM) and C57BL mice. All these evaluated biological properties suggest that 8e may be a potential JAK3 inhibitor for the treatment of IPF.     

Autopsy analyses in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background

Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is associated with high mortality. However, few studies have so far reviewed analyses of autopsy findings in patients with AE-IPF.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 52 consecutive patients with AE-IPF who underwent autopsies at five university hospitals and one municipal hospital between 1999 and 2013. The following variables were abstracted from the medical records: demographic and clinical data, autopsy findings and complications during the clinical course until death.

Results

The median age at autopsy was 71 years (range 47–86 years), and the subjects included 38 (73.1%) males. High-dose corticosteroid therapy was initiated in 45 (86.5%) patients after AE-IPF. The underling fibrotic lesion was classified as having the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern in all cases. Furthermore, 41 (78.8%) patients had diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), 15 (28.8%) exhibited pulmonary hemorrhage, nine (17.3%) developed pulmonary thromboembolism and six (11.5%) were diagnosed with lung carcinoma. In addition, six (11.5%) patients developed pneumothorax prior to death and 26 (53.1%) developed diabetes that required insulin treatment after the administration of high-dose corticosteroid therapy. In addition, 15 (28.8%) patients presented with bronchopneumonia during their clinical course and/or until death, including fungal (seven, 13.5%), cytomegalovirus (six, 11.5%) and bacterial (five, 9.6%) infections.

Conclusions

The pathological findings in patients with AE-IPF represent not only DAD, but also a variety of pathological conditions. Therefore, making a diagnosis of AE-IPF is often difficult, and the use of cautious diagnostic approaches is required for appropriate treatment.     

肺部微生物组成与特发性肺纤维化生存率相关性研究

目的 运用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析特发性肺纤维化（idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF）患者支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF）的微生物组成,研究肺部微生物组成与IPF预后相关性。方法 选择2016年3月—2018年3月在本院诊治的IPF患者39例,作为IPF组,以体检健康成年人为对照组,40例。收集患者临床资料、生存时间,检测治疗前肺泡灌洗液中微生物组成。结果 IPF组Shannon指数明显高于对照组（P=0.024）。IPF组患者奈瑟氏球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌检出率明显高于对照组（P=0.005,0.003,0.003,0.000）。39例IPF患者随访时间为2~60个月,随访结束时患者死亡20例,存活19例,生存率为48.7%,平均生存时间39.8个月,奈瑟球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌检出与IPF患者的预后成反比。结论 IPF患者肺内微生物多样性增加,奈瑟球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌检出与IPF患者生存率呈负相关,可能成为改善IPF的潜在靶点。     

High-resolution CT scoring system-based grading scale predicts the clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background

The 2011 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) guidelines are based on the diagnosis of IPF using only high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). However, few studies have thus far reviewed the usefulness of the HRCT scoring system based on the grading scale provided in the guidelines. We retrospectively studied 98 patients with respect to assess the prognostic value of changes in HRCT findings using a new HRCT scoring system based on the grading scale published in the guidelines.

Methods

Consecutive patients with IPF who were diagnosed using HRCT alone between January 2008 and January 2012 were evaluated. HRCT examinations and pulmonary function tests were performed at six-month intervals for the first year after diagnosis. The HRCT findings were evaluated using the new HRCT scoring system (HRCT fibrosis score) over time. The findings and survival rates were analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

The HRCT fibrosis scores at six and 12 months after diagnosis were significantly increased compared to those observed at the initial diagnosis (p < 0.001). The patients with an elevated HRCT fibrosis score at six months based on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis had a poor prognosis (log-rank, hazard ratio [HR] 2.435, 95% CI 1.196-4.962; p = 0.0142). Furthermore, among the patients without marked changes in %FVC, those with an elevated score above the cut-off value had a poor prognosis (HR 2.192, 95% CI 1.003-4.791; p = 0.0491).

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that the HRCT scoring system based on the grading scale is useful for predicting the clinical outcomes of IPF and identifying patients with an adverse prognosis when used in combination with spirometry.     

Increased deposition of glycosaminoglycans and altered structure of heparan sulfate in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents, including glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), that may play a role in remodelling processes by influencing critical mediators such as growth factors. We hypothesize that GAGs may be altered in IPF and that this contribute to create a pro-fibrotic environment. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the fine structure of heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) and hyaluronan (HA) in lung samples from IPF patients and from control subjects. GAGs in lung samples from severe IPF patients and donor lungs were analyzed with HPLC. HS was assessed by immunohistochemistry and collagen was quantified as hydroxyproline content. The total amount of HS, CS/DS and HA was increased in IPF lungs but there was no significant difference in the total collagen content. We found a relative increase in total sulfation of HS due to increment of 2-O, 6-O and N-sulfation and a higher proportion of sulfation in CS/DS. Highly sulfated HS was located in the border zone between denser areas and more normal looking alveolar parenchyma in basement membranes of blood vessels and airways, that were immuno-positive for perlecan, as well as on the cell surface of spindle-shaped cells in the alveolar interstitium. These findings show for the first time that both the amount and structure of glycosaminoglycans are altered in IPF. These changes may contribute to the tissue remodelling in IPF by altering growth factor retention and activity, creating a pro-fibrotic ECM landscape.     

微生态制剂联合抗生素对重症肺炎的治疗

目的 探讨微生态制剂联合抗生素治疗重症肺炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年1月至2018年5月涿州市医院收治的160例重症肺炎患者,按随机数字表法将患者分为观察组（n=80）和对照组（n=80）。对照组患者采用抗生素治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上加用微生态制剂进行治疗。观察两组患者治疗14 d后的疗效和治疗前后免疫功能指标（CD3+细胞、CD4+细胞、CD8+细胞、CD4+/CD8+）及白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）及降钙素原（PCT）水平的变化,并记录两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组患者治疗总有效率显著高于对照组（93.8% vs 81.3%,P<0.05）。观察组患者不良反应发生率明显低于对照组（6.3% vs 17.5%,2=4.838,P=0.028）。与治疗前比较,观察组和对照组患者治疗后CD3+细胞、CD4+细胞及CD4+/CD8+水平明显升高（P<0.05）,CD8+细胞水平明显降低。治疗后观察组和对照组患者IL-6、CRP及PCT水平均明显低于治疗前（P<0.05）,且观察组治疗后IL-6、CRP及PCT水平均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 微生态制剂联合抗生素治疗重症肺炎的临床效果较好,可提高患者的免疫功能及减轻炎症反应。