结直肠癌组织LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9的表达及与临床病理特征和预后的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨结直肠癌组织富含亮氨酸重复序列/Ⅲ型纤维连接蛋白4(LRFN4)、高迁移率族蛋白B2(HMGB2)、黑色素瘤相关抗原-A9(MAGE-A9)表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法：对2013年5月至2015年5月期间在我院接受治疗的102例结直肠癌患者进行研究。检测结直肠癌组织以及癌旁组织中LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9表达情况。分析LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9表达与临床病理特征的关系；分析LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9表达对患者总生存率的影响。分析影响结直肠癌患者预后的因素。结果：与癌旁组织相比，结直肠癌组织中LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9表达阳性率上调（P<0.05）。LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9表达与TNM分期和淋巴结转移相关（P<0.05）。LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9阳性表达患者的生存率分别低于LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9阴性表达患者（P<0.05）。Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示，TNM分期、LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9表达是结直肠癌患者预后的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：结直肠癌组织中LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9表达阳性率上调，并与结直肠癌的进展和患者的预后有关，检测LRFN4、HMGB2、MAGE-A9表达情况有助于患者的预后评估。     

结直肠癌mP53 和PCNA 表达的相关性及临床意义

目的:探讨结直肠癌中突变型P53基因(mP53)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的相关性及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化二步法,检测60例结直肠癌组织及20例正常肠粘膜中mP53、PCNA的表达,结合临床病理资料进行统计分析。结果:60例结直肠癌中mP53阳性表达率65.0%,PCNA阳性表达率78.3%,20例正常肠粘膜中mP53、PCNA表达均为阴性(P<0.05)。mP53和PCNA阳性表达率在低分化组、浆膜层浸润组、淋巴结转移组均较高(P均<0.05)。mP53和PCNA表达呈正相关(r=0.58,P<0.05)。结论:mP53和PCNA在结直肠癌中表达均增高,二者与结直肠癌病理学分级、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关,可作为判断结直肠癌预后的参考指标。     

The cytoplasmic expression of FSTL3 correlates with colorectal cancer progression,metastasis status and prognosis

Follistatin-like (FSTL) family members are associated with cancer progression. However, differences between FSTL members with identical cancer types have not been systematically investigated. Among the most malignant tumours worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) has high metastatic potential and chemoresistance, which makes it challenging to treat. A systematic examination of the relationship between the expression of FSTL family members in CRC will provide valuable information for prognosis and therapeutic development. Based on large cohort survival analyses, we determined that FSTL3 was associated with a significantly worse prognosis in CRC at the RNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemistry staining of CRC specimens revealed that FSTL3 expression levels in the cytosol were significantly associated with a poor prognosis in terms of overall and disease-free survival. Molecular simulation analysis showed that FSTL3 participated in multiple cell motility signalling pathways via the TGF-β1/TWIST1 axis to control CRC metastasis. The findings provide evidence of the significance of FSTL3 in the oncogenesis and metastasis of CRC. FSTL3 may be useful as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker, and as a potential therapeutic target.     

A correlation between BCL-2 modifying factor,p53 and livin gene expressions in cancer colon patients

Accumulating evidence has revealed that livin gene and BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF) gene are closely associated with the initiation and progression of colon carcinoma by activating or suppressing multiple malignant processes. Those genes that can detect colon - cancer are a promising approach for cancer screening and diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate correlation between livin, BMF and p53 genes expression in colon cancer tissues of patients included in the study, and their relationship with clinicopathological features and survival outcome in those patients. In this study, 50 pathologically diagnosed early cancer colon patients included and their tissue biopsy with 50 matched adjacent normal tissue, and 50 adenoma tissue specimens were analyzed for livin gene and BMF gene expressions using real time PCR. The relationship of those genes expressions with clinicopathological features, tumor markers, Time to Progression and overall survival for those patients were correlated in cancer colon group. In this study, there was a significant a reciprocal relationship between over expression of livin gene and down regulation of BMF and p53 genes in colon cancer cells. Livin mRNA was significantly higher, while BMF and p53 mRNA were significantly lower in colorectal cancer tissue compared to benign and normal colon tissue specimens (P < 0.001), however, this finding was absent between colon adenomas and normal mucosa. There was a significant association between up regulation of livin and down regulation of BMF and p53 expressions with more aggressive tumor (advanced TNM stage), rapid progression with metastasis and decreased overall survival in cancer colon patients, hence these genes can serve as significant prognostic markers of poor outcome in colon cancer patients. This work highlights the role of livin, BMF and p53 genes in colorectal tumorigenesis and the applicability of using those genes as a diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with colon carcinoma and as a good target for cancer colon treatment in the future.     

RCN2和PEAK1在结直肠癌中的表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的:检测网织钙结合蛋白2(RCN2)和伪足富集的非典型激酶1(PEAK1)蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达情况,分析RCN2和PEAK1表达与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法:免疫组织化学法检测90例结直肠癌组织及其癌旁正常组织中RCN2和PEAK1蛋白表达情况,分析结直肠癌组织RCN2和PEAK1表达与患者临床病理特征的关系,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析RCN2和PEAK1表达对患者预后的影响,Spearman等级相关检验结直肠癌组织RCN2和PEAK1表达的相关性。结果:RCN2和PEAK1蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的阳性表达率均明显高于癌旁正常组织(P0.05)。结直肠癌组织RCN2表达与肿瘤直径、浸润深度和TNM分期均有关(P0.05),PEAK1表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期均有关(P0.05)。Log Rank检验结果显示,RCN2阳性表达组和PEAK1阳性表达组患者的术后5年总生存率均分别低于RCN2阴性表达组和PEAK1阴性表达组患者(P0.05)。结直肠癌组织RCN2和PEAK1表达呈正相关性(r=0.586,P=0.000)。结论:RCN2和PEAK1蛋白在结直肠癌组织中呈高表达,且均与肿瘤恶性进展和不良预后关系密切。RCN2和PEAK1可作为结直肠癌治疗靶标的候选分子。     

The proliferation of colorectal cancer cells is suppressed by silencing of EIF3H

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit H (EIF3H) is a subunit of EIF3, which is involved in mRNA recruitment and ribosomal complex disassembly and is known to be a driver of cell proliferation and survival in cancer. To investigate its function in colorectal cancer, the Oncomine database was used to evaluate the expression of EIF3H in human colorectal cancer and normal tissues. Then, we constructed a Lentivirus shorthair EIF3H vector (Lv-shEIF3H) to silence EIF3H expression in the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW1116. We observed impaired cell growth and colony formation in these silenced cell lines. In addition, we showed that EIF3H knock-down led to cell apoptosis. In conclusion, EIF3H plays key roles in the apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells, which suggests EIF3H as a potential diagnostic biomarker in colorectal cancer.     

Increased Expression of ATG10 in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Lymphovascular Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis

Background

Autophagy has paradoxical and complex functions in cancer development, and autophagy-related genes (ATG) are key regulators in autophagy. Until now, more than 30 different ATG proteins have been identified in yeast, and their mammalian counterparts also have been reported. Although the roles of a few ATG proteins in cancer have been characterized, the role of ATG10 is almost completely unknown.

Methodology/Principal Findings

To investigate the clinicopathological role of ATG10 in colorectal cancer, we analyzed ATG10 expression in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. Protein expression analysis showed that ATG10 is highly increased in colorectal cancer (tissue - 18/37 cases, 48%; cell line –8/12 cell lines, 66%). Immunohistochemical analysis with clinicopathological features indicated a strong association of the up-regulation of ATG10 with tumor lymph node metastasis (p = 0.005) and invasion (p<0.001). Moreover, both 5-year disease free survival and overall survival rates of patients bearing tumors that did not express ATG10 were significantly higher than those of patients bearing ATG10-expressing tumors (p = 0.012).

Conclusion/Significance

Increased expression of ATG10 in colorectal cancer is associated with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis indicating that ATG10 may be a potential prognostic maker in colorectal cancer.     

CD155 knockdown promotes apoptosis via AKT/Bcl‐2/Bax in colon cancer cells

CD155, one of the nectin‐like molecule family members, is involved in cell adhesion and motility. CD155 is overexpressed in several human cancers, but its role in proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer remains unclear. We found that CD155 was up‐regulated in colorectal cancer tissues. CD155 knockdown via shRNA lentiviruses inhibited colon cancers cell migration and invasion, with a reduction in the expression of FAK, Src and MMP‐2. CD155 down‐regulation also suppressed colon cancer cell proliferation, accompanied by changing expressions of some molecules related to cell cycle. Finally, CD155 knockdown increased the expression ratio between Bax and Bcl‐2, resulting in a significant increase in colon cancer cell apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CD155 is involved in not only migration and invasion but also proliferation and survival abilities of colon cancer cells, suggesting that CD155 is one of key molecules promoting the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer.     

GTF2H2通过介导AKT信号通路影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移*

目的:探讨通用转录因子II H亚基2(GTF2H2)是否影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移及其潜在的分子机制。方法:通过转染GTF2H2-siRNA构建GTF2H2敲低的Hep3B肝癌细胞模型;实时定量聚合酶链反应(q-RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹实验检测肝癌细胞Hep3B的GTF2H2敲低效果;细胞计数实验(MTS)检测GTF2H2敲低的肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖能力;Transwell细胞迁移实验检测GTF2H2敲低的肝癌细胞Hep3B的迁移能力;蛋白质印迹分析实验检测GTF2H2敲低后是否影响肿瘤相关分子信号通路。结果: GTF2H2敲低组的Hep3B细胞的增殖能力较对照组的Hep3B细胞增强,迁移能力亦有增强;蛋白质印迹实验显示GTF2H2敲低后,p-AKT通路蛋白的表达明显升高。结论:GTF2H2可能通过介导AKT分子信号通路,影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移能力。     

结直肠癌组织RSK4、p53蛋白的表达及临床病理意义

目的:探讨结直肠癌组织中P90核糖体S6激酶4(RSK4)蛋白、p53蛋白的表达及其临床病理意义。方法:选取我院病理科2014年1月~2016年5月既往收集的结直肠癌手术后标本70例及同期结直肠癌癌旁组织30例,采用免疫组化染色检测两组标本中RSK4蛋白、p53蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与结肠癌患者临床病理特征的相关性。结果:结直肠癌组织中RSK4蛋白、p53蛋白的阳性表达率分别为20.00%、55.71%,而癌旁组织中RSK4蛋白、p53蛋白阳性表达率分别为53.33%、10.00%,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期、高分化和中分化结直肠癌组织RSK4蛋白的阳性表达率显著高于Ⅲ期、低分化结直肠癌(P0.05);Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期、浸润深度(T1、T2)、未发生淋巴结转移的结直肠癌组织中p53蛋白阳性表达率显著的低于Ⅲ期、浸润深度(T3、T4)、发生淋巴结转移的结肠癌组织(P0.05)。结论:结直肠癌组织中RSK4蛋白表达下调、p53蛋白表达上调,二者可能与结直肠癌的发生和发展有关,并可能作为结肠癌诊断和预后评估的参考指标。     

P53、PCNA、ki-67在大肠癌中的表达与临床意义

目的 检测P53、PCNA、ki-67在大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌及临床病理因素的关系,为大肠癌临床的诊疗提供一定的依据.方法 应用免疫组化法（SP法）检测53例大肠癌中P53（突变型）、PCNA、ki-67蛋白的表达.结果 P53蛋白、PCNA蛋白、Ki-67蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达分别为67.92%、100%、86.79%,与在相对应的正常大肠粘膜组织中的表达（分别为0%、7.14%、10.71%）相比,差异有显著统计学意义（P＜0.01）.ki-67蛋白的表达和患者性别有相关性.此外,PCNA蛋白和ki-67蛋白表达呈正相关.在大肠癌中P53蛋白与PCNA蛋白、ki-67蛋白之间表达无相关性.结论 1.P53、PCNA和ki-67蛋白在大肠癌中的过表达可能与大肠癌的发生发展密切相关.2.在大肠癌组织中,PCNA、ki-67和P53之间的表达均无明显相关,提示大肠癌发生过程中肿瘤细胞的增殖与抑癌基因突变是相对独立的致病机制.3.PCNA表达与ki-67表达呈显著正相关,而PCNA表达与大肠癌患者性别无关,ki-67表达则与大肠癌患者性别有关,提示ki-67在大肠癌不同性别患者间表达差异受ki-67不同于PCNA的细胞周期影响.     

Upregulated Expression of C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 4 Is an Independent Prognostic Predictor for Patients with Gastric Cancer

Aberrant chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor CXCR4 expressions in malignant tissues have been reported, but its role in gastric cancer prognosis remains unknown. Our studies were designed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of CXCR4 in patients with gastric cancer. CXCR4 expression was retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 97 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma from China. Results were assessed for association with clinical features and overall survival by using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic values of CXCR4 expression and clinical outcomes were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. A molecular prognostic stratification scheme incorporating CXCR4 expression was determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The results show that CXCR4 predominantly localized in the cell membranes and cytoplasm. The protein level of CXCR4 was upregulation in gastric cancer tissues and upregulated expression of CXCR4 was only significantly associated with Lauren classification (P<0.001). Increased CXCR4 expression in gastric cancer tissues was positively correlated with poor overall survival of gastric cancer patients (P<0.001). Further multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that intratumoral CXCR4 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for the disease. Applying the prognostic value of intratumoral CXCR4 density to TNM stage system showed a better prognostic value in patients with gastric cancer. In conclusion, intratumoral CXCR4 expression was recognized as an independent prognostic marker for the overall survival of patients with gastric cancer. On the basis of TNM stage, detection of CXCR4 expression will be helpful for predicting prognosis for patients with gastric cancer.     

Overexpression of PTP1B in human colorectal cancer and its association with tumor progression and prognosis

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. However, the expression level and the role of PTP1B in the development and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In this study, the expression of PTP1B in CRC tissues and matched noncancerous tissues were detected by using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blotting. The correlations between PTP1B expression level and clinicopathologic characteristics and patient survival were analyzed. We found that PTP1B expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues compared with matched non-tumour tissues. Statistical analysis showed that the PTP1B expression was correlated with tumor differentiation, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Patients with higher expressions of PTP1B had the lower survival (P = 0.012). Taken together, our results suggest that PTP1B expression might play a critical role in the progression of CRC and may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for CRC.     

Downregulation of the circadian Period family genes is positively correlated with poor head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis

ABSTRACT

We investigated the relationship between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the circadian genes of the Period (Per) family, Per1, Per2 and Per3. Tissue sections of HNSCC and normal head and neck tissues from two patient cohorts from two different hospitals were collected to assess the mRNA and protein expressions of the three Per family genes using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The clinicopathological features and disease prognosis for the latter cohort were analyzed through IHC and statistical methods. Protein positive expression levels of the three Per family genes in HNSCC tissues was found to be approximately two times lower than that in normal tissues (p < .01). Moreover, patients with locally advanced HNSCC showed significantly greater downregulation of Per1, Per2 and Per3 mRNA expression levels as compared to patients with early-stage cancer (p < .05). Immunohistochemical examination of HNSCC patient tissues revealed a positive correlation between the Per family protein expression and the clinical tumor staging (p < .05). In addition, the Per protein-positive expression group showed higher 3-year survival rates [overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)] as assessed by Kaplan-Meier plots and statistical analysis (p < .05). Our findings confirm the positive correlation between Per family gene expression and survival outcomes and support their role as prognostic markers for HNSCC.     

Decreased Expression of the Polarity Regulatory PAR Complex Predicts Poor Prognosis of the Patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Partitioning defective (Par) proteins regulate cell polarity and differentiation. Par3, Par6β, and protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ), which are PAR complex members, have been shown to be associated with oncogenesis and progression. Herein, we report the expression pattern and clinical relevance of Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC). A total of 393 primary CRACs, 41 primary-metastatic CRAC pairs, 41 adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, and 41 nontumor colorectal tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays for Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ protein expressions. The association Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ expressions and clinicopathologic factors, including patient survival, was evaluated. Primary CRACs and adenomas demonstrated higher levels of Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ than in nontumor colorectal epithelia. The expressions of Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ were higher in primary CRACs as compared to adenomas or in metastatic CRACs. Among primary CRACs, decreased Par3 expression was found to correlate with a high proliferation rate and poor histologic differentiation, decreased PKCζ expression was correlated with pathologic TNM stage (I-II vs III-IV) and lymph node metastasis, and decreased Par6β and PKCζ expressions were correlated with shortened overall survivals. In metastatic CRACs, decreased PKCζ expression was correlated with a shortened metastasis-free survival. While increased Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ expressions were implicated in tumorigenesis, decreased expressions of Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ were found to be associated with worse clinicopathologic factors in CRAC. In particular, the results of our study suggest that PKCζ down-expression is an independent poor prognostic and metastatic factor for CRAC.     

Expression of Beclin Family Proteins Is Associated with Tumor Progression in Oral Cancer

Background

Beclin 1 and Beclin 2 are autophagy-related proteins that show similar amino acid sequences and domain structures. Beclin 1 established the first connection between autophagy and cancer. However, the role of Beclin 2 in cancer is unclear. The aims of this study were to analyze Beclin 1 and Beclin 2 expressions in oral cancer tissues and in cell lines, and to evaluate their possible roles in cancer progression.

Methods

We investigated Beclin 1 and Beclin 2 expressions by immunohistochemistry in 195 cases of oral cancer. The prognostic roles of Beclin 1 and Beclin 2 were analyzed statistically. In vitro, overexpression and knockdown of Beclin proteins were performed on an oral cancer cell line, SAS. The immunofluorescence and autophagy flux assays confirmed that Beclin proteins were involved in autophagy. The impacts of Beclin 1 and Beclin 2 on autophagy and tumor growth were evaluated by conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and by clonogenic assays, respectively.

Results

Oral cancer tissues exhibited aberrant expressions of Beclin 1 and Beclin 2. The cytoplasmic Beclin 1 and Beclin 2 expressions were unrelated in oral cancer tissues. In survival analyses, high cytoplasmic Beclin 1 expression was associated with low disease specific survival, and negative nuclear Beclin 1 expression was associated with high recurrent free survival. Patients with either high or low cytoplasmic Beclin 2 expression had significantly lower overall survival and disease specific survival rates than those with moderate expression. In oral cancer cells, overexpression of either Beclin 1 or Beclin 2 led to autophagy activation and increased clonogenic survival; knockdown of Beclin 2 impaired autophagy and increased clonogenic survival.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that distinct patterns of Beclin 1 and Beclin 2 were associated with aggressive clinical outcomes. Beclin 1 overexpression, as well as Beclin 2 overexpression and depletion, contributed to tumor growth. These findings suggest Beclin proteins are associated with tumorigenesis.     

Clinical Significance of MiR-137 Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer After Radical Gastrectomy

The dysregulation of miR-137 plays vital roles in the oncogenesis and progression of various types of cancer, but its role in prognosis of gastric cancer patients remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of miR-137 in gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of miR-137 in human gastric cancer cell lines and tissues in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Results were assessed for association with clinical factors and overall survival by using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic values of miR-137 expression and clinical outcomes were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. The results exhibited that the expression level of miR-137 was decreased in human gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, and down-regulated expression of miR-137 was associated with tumor cell differentiation, N stage, and TNM stage. Decreased miR-137 expression in gastric cancer tissues was positively correlated with poor overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Further multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that miR-137 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for gastric cancer except for TNM stage. Applying the prognostic value of miR-137 expression to TNM stage III group showed a better risk stratification for overall survival. In conclusion, the results reinforced the critical role for the down-regulated miR-137 expression in gastric cancer and suggested that miR-137 expression could be a prognostic indicator for this disease. In addition, these patients with TNM stage III gastric cancer and low miR-137 expression might need more aggressive postoperative treatment and closer follow-up.