舌苔细菌PCR-DGGE分析条件的建立与优化

目的 针对口腔舌苔细菌16S rDNA序列进行变性梯度凝胶电泳（denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE）适用序列的筛选及电泳条件的优化。方法 以DGGE图谱的高分辨率为指标,选择舌苔细菌DGGE分离最适的16S rDNA高变区、电泳电压和电泳时间,并采用优化的条件分析健康青年人舌苔细菌群落的分布。结果 舌苔细菌16S rDNA V3高变区引物序列能获得更加丰富清晰的DGGE条带;基于该区,当变性剂浓度为30%~60%、电泳温度60 ℃、电压60 V和电泳时间14 h时能得到分辨率最佳的DGGE图谱。运用此优化条件对12个样本舌苔细菌群落的分析表明,舌苔微生物主要由厚壁菌门、梭杆菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门等组成。优化后的DGGE技术对舌苔细菌多样性的分析具有准确性、灵敏性和可重复性。结论 DGGE图谱显示,不同分析条件对图谱类型和细菌多样性指数均有所差异。利用优化的DGGE条件能有效分离舌苔细菌16S rDNA V3区序列,为口腔微生物群落结构分析提供可靠的技术支持,也为其他不同生态细菌的多样性分析提供参考。     

米酒曲细菌多样性研究

目的 分析米酒曲中微生物群落组成。方法 采集7个地区的米酒曲样品,通过PCR-DGGE与传统可培养方法对米酒曲中的细菌多样性进行解析。结果 基于PCR-DGGE法,米酒曲中细菌由Enterococcus、Streptococcus、Lactobacillus、Pediococcus和Weissella等乳酸菌类群组成。基于传统纯培养方法,在厌氧条件下共分离到细菌24株,使用MRS培养基分离得到14株乳酸菌,其中Enterococcus类群乳酸菌最多,其次是Weissella,而Pediococcus最少;在厌氧条件下,通过LB培养基得到10株菌,经鉴定属于Cronobacter、Enterobacter、Klebsiella类群。结论 米酒曲中存在着丰富的乳酸菌类群,同时也有有害微生物的存在。     

光合细菌混合培养条件的优化

对沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris,PL1)和球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseuelonmnas spheroids,PL2)混合培养条件进行了优化研究。结果表明,混合培养的最适接种量为6%,最适初始pH为7.5,低氧气浓度,180r/min振荡10min/d。     

生物炭对农田土壤细菌群落多样性影响的PCR-DGGE分析

为评价生物炭对农田土壤细菌群落多样性的影响,对不同施肥方式农田土壤细菌总DNA进行提取和16S rDNA特异性扩增,运用变性梯度凝胶电泳DGGE的分子生物学技术,对施肥土壤细菌群落的多样性进行表征。DGGE电泳结果表明,不同处理均可得到20条以上的电泳条带,说明水稻土土壤细菌群落较丰富。从泳道条带数量及光密度值方面对细菌群落多样性指标比较发现,施加生物炭的土壤(T2、T3、T4)细菌丰富度最高,细菌种群较多,其次为秸秆还田处理土壤(T1),而空白对照处理土壤(CK1)细菌群落丰富度最低,各处理之间的细菌种群均匀度指数差异不显著;对细菌群落的条带信息与土壤理化性质进行相关性分析得到,细菌群落的结构变化与各土壤理化性质的相关性大小依次为速效钾总有机碳有效磷全氮pH。     

新疆断裂带泉水中细菌群落结构的PCR-DGGE分析

乌鲁木齐10号泉起源于天山山脉博格达峰,地下径流于地震断裂带,泉水中硫化氢、甲烷等地球化学元素迁移活跃,为 揭示水文地球化学变化对地震断裂带泉水细菌群落结构的影响,本研究对该泉水样品定期采样,以微孔滤膜收集菌体,使用SDS-酶解法提取总DNA,对细菌16S rDNA V 3区进行PCR-DGGE分析并对条带测序,条带的光密度信息与监测的地球化学指标进行典型相关分析(CCA)。结果表明B16(Uncultured bacterium)和ε-变性菌纲 (epsilon proteobacterium)与氟含量成正相关;黄杆菌B1 (Flavobacterium)、绿脓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、B10(Uncultured bacterium)和腐生性葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)与硫化物呈正相关;硫微螺菌(Thiomicrospira arctica) 、黄杆菌B3(Flavobacterium)及阿尔莱葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus arlettae)与氢气呈正相关。断裂带泉水细菌能够对地层深处渗透出的地球化学元素产生灵敏的应答。     

基于PCR-DGGE和高通量测序分析白云边酒窖泥细菌群落结构与多样性

【目的】探索白云边酒不同窖龄窖泥细菌群落结构及其多样性,分析窖泥细菌群落特征对兼香型白酒风格形成的影响。【方法】分别提取2年和23年窖泥样品总DNA,采用PCR-DGGE、基因克隆以及高通量测序技术,研究窖泥细菌的分布情况。【结果】白云边窖泥细菌归属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)4个菌门。2、23年窖泥共同的优势菌属(≥1.0%)包括棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、香味菌属(Myroides)、鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、醋杆菌属(Acetobacter)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)。2年窖泥特有优势菌属为Dysgonomonas、Fluviicola、变形杆菌属(Proteus)和Wohlfahrtiimonas,而23年窖泥特有优势菌属为葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、Hazenella、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、葡糖醋杆菌属(Gluconacetobacter)和摩根氏菌属(Morganella)。【结论】2年窖泥细菌群落多样性高于23年窖泥。比较了白云边两种窖龄窖泥主要细菌组成情况,为研究微生物对白云边酒浓酱兼香型独特风味形成的影响提供依据。     

双台子河口沉积物中细菌多样性分析

【目的】掌握双台子河口沉积物中细菌多样性及其群落结构的季节变化特征。【方法】于2009年4月、7月、10月和12月共4个航次在内陆河流入海口处进行四季样品的采集, 采用PCR-DGGE技术对沉积物中细菌多样性进行分析。【结果】通过序列比对发现, 该处沉积物中的细菌主要归属于5个细菌类群, 分别为变形菌门(52.6%)、放线菌门(15.8%)、拟杆菌门(10.5%)、酸杆菌门(5.3%)以及绿弯菌门(5.3%), 此外还有一部分分类地位尚不明确的细菌(10.5%)。在四季样品中变形菌门(52.6%)为优势菌群, 而在变形菌门中, δ亚群又占绝对优势地位。实验结果还显示四季沉积物中细菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为1.84?2.79, 且春夏两季沉积物中的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数比秋冬两季沉积物中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数大。【结论】双台子河口沉积物中的细菌多样性符合典型河口沉积物中细菌多样性的特征; 低温能导致沉积物中细菌多样性的减少。本研究为初步掌握双台子河口沉积物中细菌种类和组成状况提供了一定的参考, 同时也为该处海洋环境的监测及生物资源的保护提供了科学依据。     

PCR-DGGE技术在动物肠道微生态研究中的应用

本文综述了PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）分析微生物多态性的原理,还介绍了它的技术步骤、在动物肠道微生态研究中的主要应用以及优缺点,为更好的研究动物肠道微生物奠定了基础。     

石油降解细菌降解条件优化研究

采用富集培养法从工业油污土壤中分离到1株能以石油为惟一碳源而生长的细菌菌株,采用正交设计实验对该菌株的降解条件进行了初步研究。结果表明,最佳降解条件为NH_4Cl 4.0 g/LL,K_2HPO_4 1.5 g/L,pH 8.0,NaCl 15.0 g/L。在最佳条件下,浓度为1 mL/L的原油可在4 d内降解50%以上。     

类球红细菌发酵生产类胡萝卜素条件优化

本文对类球红细菌3757产类胡萝卜素进行了发酵条件优化,结果得到了较优的培养基组成:葡萄糖2%,苹果酸钠0.5%,酵母浸粉1.3%,硫酸铵0.9%,磷酸氢二钾0.09%,磷酸二氢钾0.06%,生长因子溶液1%,p H 8.0;其中,生长因子溶液配方:维生素B1 0.1%,烟酰胺(VPP)0.1%,生物素0.0016%。较优培养条件为:接种量5%,转速200 r/min,种龄24 h,发酵温度32℃,发酵时间40 h。优化后类胡萝卜素产率较优化前提高了76.2%。     

树舌液体深层发酵浸膏多糖在粘附中的作用

采用Sw1116细胞进行粘附试验,研究树舌液体深层发酵浸膏多糖(GAP)能否影响细菌对细胞的粘附。结果表明:GAP质量浓度为300μg/mL时,对大肠杆菌、沙门菌的细胞粘附抑制最为明显,粘附率分别降至(22.8±1.2)、(31.2±1.6)个细菌/细胞,对乳酸杆菌粘附有明显的促进作用,粘附率达(40.0±1.3)。说明树舌液体深层发酵浸膏多糖对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌的细胞粘附具有抑制作用,对于乳酸杆菌的粘附有促进作用,提示该GAP具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值。     

海绵共附生细菌种群组成的PCR-DGGE基因指纹分析

采用不依赖于分离培养的16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE基因指纹技术对我国南海的细薄星芒海绵、皱皮软海绵、贪婪倔海绵、澳大利亚厚皮海绵体内的优势细菌的种群组成进行了比较分析。结果显示:每种海绵体内都含有丰富多样的细菌;通过DGGE指纹图的聚类分析发现来自同一海域的不同海绵的共附生细菌的种群组成具有明显不同,即共附生细菌具海绵宿主特异性;同时也发现有相同的细菌存在于不同的海绵体内。     

油脂降解菌种的鉴定及降解条件优化

从学校食堂排放的废水中筛选出1株油脂降解菌株,经形态特征、生理生化特征、16S rDNA同源性序列分析,鉴定为克雷伯氏菌属,暂命名为Klebsiella sp.X-1。并利用正交实验进一步考察了pH、培养温度、摇床转速对油脂降解率的影响。实验结果表明,在高含油废水培养基中,pH 7.0、转速为140 r/min、培养温度为30 ℃时,72 h内该菌的油脂降解率最高达68.2%。     

PCR-DGGE和FAMEs技术在土壤微生物多态性研究中的应用

将PCR-DGGE和FAMEs等生物技术新方法用于土壤微生物分析可有效的克服传统培养方法的局限性,为土壤微生物多样性、群落结构及动态变化的研究提供了更全面、可靠的方法,受到了国内外研究者的重视.本文综述了PCR-DGGE和FAMEs技术的原理及其在土壤微生物多样性、群落结构及动态变化方面的应用效果,指出了实际应用存在的问题.     

Assessment of the Bacterial Diversity in Fenvalerate-Treated Soil

The impact of the pesticide fenvalerate on the diversity of the bacterial community in soil was investigated in this study. After treatment with 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg fenvalerate g^–1 soil in three soils and incubation for a 40-day period, the changes in diversity were monitored by two different methods. The cultivable heterotrophic diversity was investigated by colony morphology on solid LB medium. Genetic diversity was measured as bands on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) gels by total genomic DNA extraction and purification, PCR-amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA fragments. The Shannon–Wiener index of diversity (H), richness (S) and evenness (E _H) were used to measure changes in the bacterial community in the soils. The results of the cultivable heterotrophic diversity and genetic diversity showed that there was an obvious decrease in diversity due to the application of fenvalerate to the soils, and the different amounts added had different impacts on the diversity. Bands appearing to be either enhanced or inhibited as a result of the fenvalerate treatments were excized and sequenced. Sequencing of excized DGGE bands indicated that application of fenvalerate had an obvious impact on several Pseudomonas spp., or Xanthomonas campestrisor Streptomyces avermitilis. This revealed that microbial community changes can occur due to the application of fenvalerate to soil.     

PCR-DGGE用于检测油田产出液中烃降解菌的多样性

为研究油田产出液中烃降解菌的多样性,设计了特征性烃降解基因的引物,并经基因库回检验证,采用PCR-DGGE方法并结合化学方法分析了油田产出液中烃降解基因及其化学成分。结果表明,产出液中存在丰富的烃降解菌,8个样本共有12种典型的alkB基因类型;其中2种主要的烃降解菌与Bacillussp.BTRH40、Pseudomonas aeruginosaUMI-88这一族群亲缘关系接近;烃降解菌的多样性与样本所处区块的环境条件密切相关。设计的引物及PCR-DGGE方法可方便检测油田产出液的烃降解菌,为油田开发中激活烃降解菌提供了检测方法。     

PCR-DGGE技术分析染整废水微生物群落多样性

旨在揭示水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理染整废水过程中的微生物多样性.取初级沉淀池,水解酸化池,生物接触氧化池和二沉池的活性污泥,通过细胞裂解直接提取基因组DNA,以细菌通用引物进行16S rRNA基因V3区域PCR扩增,将PCR产物进行变性梯度凝胶电泳,获得微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱,并对条带进行统计分析和切胶测序,进行了同源性分析并建立了系统发育树.研究表明,整个水处理过程中含有丰富的微生物群落,其中初级沉淀池、水解酸化池、二沉池和生物接触氧化池的污泥样品分别测出36条带、42条带、30条带和29条带.不同区段微生物群落间相似度最高达68％,最低达42.4％,说明群落间演替明显,不同工艺区段既存在共同的微生物种属也存在特异微生物种属.     

Mucosa-Associated Bacterial Diversity in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Background

Previous studies of infant fecal samples have failed to clarify the role of gut bacteria in the pathogenesis of NEC. We sought to characterize bacterial communities within intestinal tissue resected from infants with and without NEC.

Methods

26 intestinal samples were resected from 19 infants, including 16 NEC samples and 10 non-NEC samples. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified and sequenced. Analysis allowed for taxonomic identification, and quantitative PCR was used to quantify the bacterial load within samples.

Results

NEC samples generally contained an increased total burden of bacteria. NEC and non-NEC sample sets were both marked by high inter-individual variability and an abundance of opportunistic pathogens. There was no statistically significant distinction between the composition of NEC and non-NEC microbial communities. K-means clustering enabled us to identify several stable clusters, including clusters of NEC and midgut volvulus samples enriched with Clostridium and Bacteroides. Another cluster containing both NEC and non-NEC samples was marked by an abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and decreased diversity among NEC samples.

Conclusions

The results indicate that NEC is a disease without a uniform pattern of microbial colonization, but that NEC is associated with an abundance of strict anaerobes and a decrease in community diversity.     

Linking the Physicochemical Properties with the Abundance and Diversity of Rhizospheric Bacterial Population Inhabiting Paddy Soil Based on a Concerted Multivariate Analysis of PCR-DGGE and RISA

To unravel the existence of dominant bacterial population in the paddy fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India and their relation to the prevailing soil physicochemistry using multivariate statistical analyses, a cumulative culture-independent 16S rRNA based Polymerase chain reaction-Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and a 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) have been performed. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) biplot analyses were used to assess the relation between soil bacterial population and its physicochemistry. DCA analysis exhibited a strong dependence of bacterial existence on the soil physicochemical variables, such as organic matter, total nitrogen, inorganic nutrients, temperatures, and moisture status. Soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was assessed to check the metabolic activity of all soil samples which showed a range of 0.012–0.050 nmol TPF g^?1 min^?1 with significant variation (p < 0.01). Out of 96 bands excised, 45 different phylotypes were obtained using both techniques which elucidated the abundance of Cyanobacteria over other soil bacterial population. Scytonema sp., Leptolyngbya sp. and different uncultured cyanobacterial species were the major genera found. Profiling data obtained through PCR-DGGE and RISA were used in alpha diversity and rarefaction curve analysis suggested site 6 (Chandauli) as the most diversity rich site. Thus extensive dataset of weighted and unweighted variables generated through DGGE and RISA coupled with metabolic functioning of soil and multivariate analyses provided an excellent opportunity to map the soil microbial structure in paddy fields and their regulation with existing soil environment.