一种新型家蝇蛹凝集素结构的初步探讨*

初步分析了分离出的一种分子量为55kDa,具有免疫活性的新型家蝇蛹D-半乳糖结合凝集素的结构,为深入研究其结构与功能之间的关系提供大量的信息。首先通过凝胶电泳染色确定此新型家蝇蛹凝集素具有糖链结构,借助蛋白质测序仪、分光光度计比色、β-消除反应、红外光谱以及原子力显微镜技术对其结构进行初步分析。此种家蝇蛹凝集素是一种蛋白和糖含量分别为97.36% 和2.1% 的球状单体,直径为75nm左右。肽链与糖链的连接方式为O-糖苷键型,肽链的N-末端封闭,糖环为吡喃型,为进一步分析其结构提供了可靠的依据。     

家蝇蛹凝集素的免疫调节作用

本实验研究了从家蝇蛹体内分离的一种凝集素,研究了其免疫调节的性质。首先将收集的家蝇蛹在缓冲液中研磨,得到粗提物,经过亲和吸附、竞争洗脱等步骤得到了纯品。电泳结果表明家蝇蛹凝集素分子量大约为55kD。通过检测巨噬细胞分泌的细胞因子IL-6、IL-12等实验,证明了家蝇蛹凝集素浓度在5μg/mL时对与巨噬细胞分泌IL-6有显著增强作用,家蝇蛹凝集素的浓度在10μg/mL时对巨噬细胞分泌IL-12有显著效果。通过小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖试验结果可知家蝇蛹凝集素对于混合淋巴细胞增殖有促进作用。以上试验结果说明家蝇蛹凝集素免疫调节作用,为天然免疫增强剂的开发提供了一定的参考依据。     

棕尾别麻蝇(Sarcophaga peregrina)幼虫与蛹血淋巴凝集素的纯化与特性

用亲和层析法纯化了棕尾别麻蝇幼虫和蛹血淋巴凝集素。以兔红细胞吸附幼虫血淋巴凝集素为抗原制备的抗体、球球蛋白和甲状腺蛋白等三种亲和层析吸附剂纯化得到的幼虫凝集素是相同的,其分子量73kD左右。用甲状腺球蛋白为亲和配基纯化的蛹血淋巴凝集素由二种亚基组成,其分子量分别为30和32kD。幼虫和蛹血淋巴凝集素活性的抑制糖明显不同：乳糖、岩藻糖和N－乙酰半乳糖胺对幼虫血淋巴凝集素活性有抑制作用;而甘露糖胺、半乳糖胺和葡萄糖胺则对蛹血淋巴集素有一定抑制。而且,用兔红细胞吸附幼虫血淋巴凝集素为抗原制备的抗血清对蛹的凝集素活性无交叉反应,表明这两种凝集素是不相同的。虽然本文所纯化的麻蝇蛹血淋巴凝集素的分子量和Komano等报道的麻蝇蛹以及幼虫体壁 伤害诱导的凝集素SPL相同,但其糖的抑制特性有明显差异。     

家蝇蛹凝集素的分离工艺和性质的初步研究

通过缓冲液浸提、戊二醛固定化红细胞吸附、亲和层析和凝胶过滤等方法,从家蝇蛹中分离纯化出一种对半乳糖专一的凝集素.结果表明,亲和层析后,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测家蝇蛹凝集素(MPL)分子质量为84 ku.SephadexG-200凝胶过滤后,MPL分子质量为86 ku.家蝇蛹凝集素专一性识别D-半乳糖,其血凝活力对热不稳定,不依赖Ca²⁺,在pH 6～9之间稳定.家蝇蛹凝集素对Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis和Salmonella typhi有抑制作用.     

血栓调节蛋白在疾病中的作用

血栓调节蛋白(thrombomodulin,TM)是一种单链的跨膜糖蛋白质,主要存在于血管内皮细胞中,也可以在造血祖细胞、单核细胞和巨噬细胞中表达.血栓调节蛋白主要由5个结构域组成:发挥抗炎作用的N-端凝集素样结构域、发挥凝血和纤溶作用的6个表皮生长因子样重复序列、富含丝氨酸苏氨酸的区域、跨膜结构域和胞质结构域.血栓调...     

5种凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白的糖基化修饰及功能对比分析

血蓝蛋白是近年来发现的一种多功能蛋白,但其功能多样性的分子基础尚不清楚.本研究采用亲和层析、糖含量测定、凝集素印迹等技术在凡纳滨对虾血清中发现 5 种糖含量各不相同的血蓝蛋白：HMC、HMCb^－、HMCb、HMCs^－ 和HMCs,其中HMCs^－ 糖含量最高,HMCb最低,前者约为后者的5倍.继而运用非特异性免疫学实验技术对其功能进行对比分析.结果显示,不同糖基化血蓝蛋白的免疫学活性不同, HMCs^－ 具有较强的红细胞凝集活性和酚氧化酶活性,HMCb^－和HMC分别具有较强的细菌凝集活性和溶血活性.特别是当血蓝蛋白糖基被氧化后,5种血蓝蛋白的凝集活性、溶血活性全部丧失,酚氧化酶活性下降约11～28倍.由此推测,血蓝蛋白糖基修饰多样性可能是其功能多样性的分子基础之一.     

常山凝集素的分离纯化及其性质研究

 本文采用分子筛层析和离子交换技术,从植物常山(Dichroa febrifuga Lour)的鲜叶中,分离纯化出一种新的凝集素,定名为常山凝集素(DFL)。并对其理化性质进行了鉴定:测得其亚基分子量为37,000道尔顿;等电点为4.2。DFL是一种糖蛋白,糖含量为2.8％。DNS-CI法测得其肽链的N-末端为L-缬氨酸。本文还对其糖专一性、不同动物红细胞的凝集专一性,以及对猪精子和某些肿瘤细胞的凝集活性等生物学性质进行了研究。     

香樟树种子中两种Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白凝集素活性的研究

从香樟树成熟的种子分离到两种新的Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白：新丰毒蛋白和辛纳毒蛋白. 两者A链的分子质量虽然相差近一倍,但B链的分子质量相同. Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白的A链是RNA N-糖苷酶,B链是凝集素,A链进入细胞表现毒性在很大程度上依赖于B链的糖结合活性和特异性.对辛纳毒蛋白和新丰毒蛋白B链的凝集素活性进行了测定和比较. 红细胞凝集实验显示辛纳毒蛋白和新丰毒蛋白具有相同的细胞凝集活性,半抗原抑制实验发现它们都属于半乳糖型核糖体失活蛋白,荧光光谱法显示它们的糖结合常数也相同.     

抗菌肽CMIV末端结构对其活性的影响

抗菌肽作为一种新型多肽药物越来越受到人们的重视.但是到目前为止对于抗菌肽的作用机理仍然不太明确.将抗菌肽CMIV基因及其变体基因X克隆入GST融合表达系统.分别用不同的切割试剂切割后得到N-端具有多余氨基酸的抗菌肽CMIV以及C-端未酰胺化的抗菌肽CMIV,这些多肽均丧失了抗菌活性,而N-端无多余氨基酸,以及C-端加进1个天冬酰胺的多肽具有抗菌活性.实验结果提示:抗菌肽原有的末端结构对其生物活性至关重要.     

蛇毒C-型凝集素研究进展

蛇毒中含有丰富的非酶活性C－型凝集素蛋白,根据其结构及功能的差异,该类蛋白可分为Ca^2 依赖的有糖基识别活性的C－型真凝集素及无糖基识别活性的C－型凝集素样蛋白。C－型真凝集素的结构相似度高,而功能却较为单一,具有特异性糖结合活性;C－型凝集样蛋白的结构变异度大,活性亦具有多样性。后者能通过特异性的蛋白质－蛋白质相互作用而作用于血液凝固系统及血小板,从而发挥抗凝或促凝的生理功能。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.