果梅不同成熟期品种花芽形态分化期的研究

用扫描电镜观察不同成熟期品种果梅芽生长点，能获得清晰、完整的形态分化图象。广东连南县果梅在７月中下旬开始花芽分化，其中早熟品种（白粉梅）分化期较短，至１０月中下旬结束，约三个月；中、迟熟品种（软枝大粒梅和五月梅）分化期较长，至１２月中下旬，历时五个月。     

长白落叶松生殖生物学特性研究：I.球花芽分化与早期发育

本文研究了长白落叶松大小孢子叶球的分化及其分布规律。获得如下结果：（１）６月下旬芽鳞形成期终止,７月初进入小孢子叶分化期,７月未至８月上旬小孢子叶分化期结束。８月上旬进入小孢子囊分化期,８月下旬出现造孢细胞,９月中旬形成小孢子母细胞。１０月底小孢子母细胞保持在细线期阶段,小孢子叶球进入冬季休眠期。（２）９月初苞片原基开始形成,９月中旬珠鳞原基形成;１０月上旬出现胚珠原始体,１０月下旬大孢子母细胞形     

长白落叶松生殖生物学特性研究──Ⅰ．球花芽分化与早期发育

本文研究了长白落叶松（ＬａｒｉｘｏｌｇｅｎｓｉｓＨｅｎｒｙ）大小孢子叶球的分化及其分布规律．获得如下结果：（１）６月下旬芽鳞形成期终止,７月初进入小孢子叶分化期,７月未至８月上旬小孢子叶分化期结束．８月上旬进入小孢子囊分化期,８月下旬出现造孢细胞,９月中旬形成小孢子母细胞．１０月底小孢子母细胞保持在细线期阶段,小孢子叶球进入冬季休眠期．（２）９月初苞片原基开始形成,９月中旬珠鳞原基形成;１０月上旬出现胚珠原始体,１０月下旬大孢子母细胞形成,１０月底大孢子叶球芽进入冬季休眠．（３）小孢子叶球芽主要分布在树冠的中、下部．数量上远远大于大孢子叶球芽的数量,约为大孢子叶球芽的１９倍。大孢子叶球芽主要集中分布在树冠中部,而且树冠下部多于树冠上部。     

女贞和白蜡树的树皮结构及次生韧皮部发育的季节变化

女贞（ＬｉｇｕｓｔｒｕｍｂｕｃｉｄｕｍＡｉｔ）和白蜡树（ＦｒａｘｉｎｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＲｏｘｂ）是白蜡虫的两种主要寄主树。树皮由外向内为周皮,皮层,初生韧皮部的纤维束和次生韧皮部．它们的筛管分子具复筛板或单筛板,具Ｐ－蛋白质和筛管淀粉。伴胞为与筛管分等长的一列或单个细胞。筛管寿命在女贞中最长为一年,在白蜡树中则不超过８个月．形成层活动时间在女贞中是３月中下旬到１１月中旬,在白蜡树中是３月中下旬到１１月下旬．两种树木的木质部和韧皮部在３月中旬已开始分化,木质部和韧皮部分化停止的时间在女贞中分别是１１月中旬和１２月下旬;在白蜡树中分别是９月下旬和１１月下旬．两种树木在冬季都有部分分化的筛管分子,白蜡树中的部分分化的筛管分子于秋季形成,翌年３月中旬成熟,同年９—１０月瓦解。女贞枝条冬季平均保留１７０．２μｍ的具功能韧皮部区;而白蜡树在径向仅保留数列细胞宽的具功能韧皮都区越冬．     

入仙境榧子脚观香榧绿色游

入仙境榧子脚观香榧绿色游罗仲春我国特产树种香榧（Ｔｏｒｒｅｙａｇｒａｎｄｉｓ）,属于红豆杉科榧树属,系第三纪孑遗植物。它于４月中、下旬开花,次年８月下旬至１０月中旬种子成熟。从开花至种子成熟,跨两个年度,历时１７—１８个月之久。因此,在５—９月间于同...     

梅雌蕊发育和受精作用的研究

以梅细叶青品种为试验材料,在南京地区,雌蕊心皮原基分化高峰期在１０月上旬,１２月下旬,形成胚珠原基。次年２月下旬至３月初,胚囊分化渐趋势成熟,蓼型胚囊。子房内着生２个半倒生胚珠,通常仅１个发育为种子。胚珠具厚珠心,形成珠孔塞和珠心冠。３月上旬开花,传粉后２－３天,花粉管经引导组织进入子房,５天左右,多数胚囊中已完成双受精,８天,胚乳游离核开始出现,１３天左右的材料,原胚开始形成,胚胎发育属紫菀型,     

侧柏小孢子的发生和雄配子体的形态

侧柏［Ｐｌａｔｙｃｌａｄｕｓｏｒｉｅｎａｌｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｆｒａｎｃｏ］初生造孢细胞在８月下旬（１９９２年）形成,１１月上旬形成小孢子母细胞,１９９３年２月中旬形成四分体,２月下旬从四分体内释放出来,３月中旬成成熟花粉并开始传粉,４月上旬花粉粒在珠心上萌发,５月上旬生殖细胞分裂,６月上旬精原细胞分理解。     

银杏嫁接早结实

银杏是著名的经济树种。过去银杏生产一直采取实生繁育,不选种、不嫁接,导致银杏个体良萎不齐、结实晚、品质差、产量低。为了改良品种,早实丰产,我们从１９８９年起,进行了银杏不同嫁接方法和嫁接时期的试验研究。总结出成活率高、嫁接期长、操作简便的三种嫁接方法。１．劈接具有延长嫁接期、生长势强等特点。可分为春接和秋接。春接宜在３月上旬至４月上旬进行,秋接直在吕月中旬至９月中旬进行。对接穗的要求（三种方法都类似）,春接于２月下旬至３月下旬,采集优良品种母树上枝条,如嵩优２号、嵩优４号、嵩优１８号、中银黑１号…     

夜鹭繁殖习性与生长发育研究

１９９４～１９９８年对夜鹭繁殖习性与生长发育进行了研究。夜鹭于４月中下旬迁到浙江,９月下旬、１０月初迁离,居留期１６５天。巢距地高８．５１ｍ。平均窝卵３．４９枚,孵卵期２２～２６天,育雏期３０～３５天。年繁殖力３．５０只。雏鸟体重生长模型为：Ｗｔ＝５６０１＋ｅ＾－０．２３１（ｔ－１２）（Ｒ＾２＝０．９９）;体长、体重关系式为：Ｗ＝０．０００２４６Ｌ＾２．５０２９。雏鸟体温发育分为３个时期：     

小叶章草地生态系统结构与功能的研究Ⅱ优势种小叶章的生长分析

小叶章系小叶章草地生态系统植物亚系统的主体。本文从叶片长度、宽度、面积、重量的空间分布格局与时间动态过程以及茎和节的季节变程等方面,对小叶章进行了比较全面的生长分析,同时,建立了小叶章地上器官与２４个环境因子的逐步回归模型。小叶章叶片长、宽、面积及重量等性状均呈中间叶位数值大,两端者小的空间分布格局;小叶章茎高、书长的季节动态过程近于“Ｓ”形,可用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ曲线拟合,其指数生长期在５月下旬至６月中旬。小叶章茎及叶片诸性状的绝对增长速率（ＡＧＲ）５月下旬至６月中旬较大;而相对增长速率（ＲＧＲ）则在４月底至５月中旬较大。茎高最大绝对生长速率可达３．３９ｃｍ／ｄ（１９８８年６月２日）,叶面积达０．１７７５ｃｍ￣２／ｄ（１９８９年６月１－４日）。小叶章叶片不同性状间具有显著的相关关系。其中,叶长（Ｌｌ）、叶宽（Ｌｗ）及叶片面积（Ｌａ）间的关系为：Ｌｗ＝０．１１３９＋０．１１８０ＬｌＬａ＝－４．１６８５＋０．２３０２Ｌｌ＋１４．９３２５Ｌｗ小叶章地上部分各器官的生长与降水成正相关,与蒸发和≥０℃的积温成负相关。此外,与５ｃｍ和２０ｃｍ地温的关系亦比较密切．     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism