膀胱副神经节瘤的诊治分析(附1 例病例报告并文献复习)

目的:总结膀胱副神经节瘤的诊治方法及体会,提高膀胱副神经节瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法:报告1例膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料并结合文献复习分析总结膀胱副神经节瘤的诊断治疗方法。结果:患者行腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术,手术成功,术后顺利出院,随访至今无转移。结论:膀胱副神经节瘤的诊断主要依靠临床表现和实验室检查,血尿、高血压和排尿时典型发作三联征为膀胱副神经节瘤的主要症状,对于瘤体较小的患者要警惕CT检查漏诊的可能性,可行活组织检查进行确诊。腹腔镜下切除是目前治疗膀胱副神经节瘤最有效、创伤最小的方法,但术后要严格随访。     

胃间质瘤临床病理诊断探讨

目的 探讨胃间质瘤（GST）的组织发生病理学特点、免疫表型特征、诊断标准和治疗原则。方法 对65例GST标本,结合临床病理与免疫组化进行观察。结果 GST由梭形细胞和上皮细胞构成,大多数病例vimentin、CD117`CD34标记阳性。结论 与卡哈尔间质细胞有关。CD117、CD34是GST的诊断性标记物。对此类肿瘤,手术治疗为好,对恶性或复发再次手术切除者,辅以治疗,可望延长病人生存期。     

原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤临床诊疗分析

目的:探讨原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤的手术治疗效果,复发及死亡的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析1985年1月至2015年1月30年间于我院治疗的91例原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤的手术患者的临床资料,统计学方法分析腹原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤手术的治疗效果,预后及复发和死亡的相关因素。结果:77例原发性腹膜后良性副神经节瘤患者,l、3、5年总生存率均为98.5%,复发率分别为2%,4.5%,16%。手术根治度与复发相关(X~2=10.368,P=0.01),手术未完整切除复发率高。性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径与复发无关(P0.05)。14例原发性腹膜后恶性副神经节瘤患者,1、3、5年总生存率分别为78.5%、50%,41.5%。14例恶性副神经节瘤复发率分别为71%,85%,100%。肿瘤级别与腹膜后恶性副神经节瘤预后(X~2=5.536,P=0.019)和复发相关(X~2=5.734,P=0.017),肿瘤级别低,死亡率高,复发率高;远处转移与复发相关(X~2=4.067,P=0.044),远处转移患者复发率高;性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径、手术根治度与预后及复发无关(P0.05)。结论:良性腹膜后副神经节瘤患者预后较好,手术根治度与复发相关,根治性手术是其主要治疗方式;恶性副神经节瘤预后差,肿瘤分级与其复发及死亡相关,肿瘤分级低复发及死亡率高,远处转移与复发相关,远处转移患者复发率高。     

50例胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理分析

目的：探讨胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的组织形态学特征及对该类肿瘤的诊断及预后问题。方法：对发生于2001年4月至2010年4月间的50例GIST进行临床病理及免疫组化分析。结果：50例GIST免疫组化检查结果,肿瘤均不表达CK而表达为Vimentin;CD117阳性表达43例,CD34阳性表达38例;S100均有不同程度表达,SMA阳性表达22例,Desmin阳性表达15例;Ki-67均有表达,其阳性度从＋．＋＋不等。结论：本组肿瘤中所有病例均不同程度表达Ki-67和PCNA,高危险性的阳性表达强、低危险性的阳性表达弱。这说明GIST的预后除与肿瘤的大小、组织形态学的改变及肿瘤的发生部位有关外,还与Ki-67和PCNA在肿瘤中的表达程度有关。     

胃间质瘤临床病理研究进展

胃间质瘤 (Gastric Stuomal tumor,GST)是较常见的非上皮性肿瘤 ,过去曾被误诊为平滑肌源性或神经性肿瘤 ,近年来随着电镜和免疫组化的应用 ,有关学者已作了较多研究 ,结果表明 ,GST是一种非定向分化的消化道间叶肿瘤。由于其起源与诊断方面尚未达成共识 ,因此 ,作者综合近年来的研究文献 ,对 GST的特征作一综述。1　 GST的临床特点GST多见于中老年人 ,男性稍多于女性。临床表现多种多样 ,胃出血最常见 ,有症状的患者中占81 %。约有半数患者出现上腹部疼痛 ,多见于恶性GST患者。有 1 /3的患者表现为恶心呕吐 ,食欲下降等症状。 1 /3…     

副神经节瘤伴腰椎转移一例报道并文献复习

目的:探讨腹膜后非嗜铬副神经节瘤(副节瘤)的诊断与治疗方法.方法:诊断为肾上腺癌并腰椎转移的患者,女,38岁;手术采用经胸腹联合切口,切除第9肋,打开膈肌,由于肾脏和肿瘤粘连紧密,行腹膜后肿瘤及左肾联合切除术.结果:肿瘤完整切除,肿瘤10cm× 9cm× 7cm.病理诊断为倾向来源于肾上腺的副神经节瘤.腰椎手术后,病检证实是副神经节瘤转移.结论:恶性副神经节瘤对化疗和放疗不敏感,手术是唯一有效的治疗方法.     

CD133在胃肠间质瘤的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨胃肠间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST）中的CD133的表达及其与GIST临床病理特征的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学法,检测122例胃肠间质瘤患者组织中的CD133、CD117、CD34、DOG-1、KI-67的表达情况.结果 CD133、CD117、CD34 、DOG-1、KI-67的阳性表达率分别为74.6%（91/122）、98.4%（120/122）、86.9%（106/122）、95.1%（116/122）、47.5%（58/122）.CD133的表达水平与胃肠间质瘤危险度分组高低、核分裂像数目、肿瘤部位有关（P〈0.05）,而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小无明显相关性（P〉0.05）.CD133的表达水平与DOG-1的表达水平无明显相关性（P〉0.05）,而与CD117、CD34、KI-67的表达水平呈正相关.结论 CD133蛋白的表达可能与GIST的恶性行为与预后有关,与CD117、CD34和DOG-1联合检测对于判断GIST的病理性质可能具有重要价值.     

溶瘤麻疹病毒的临床研究与转化进展

肿瘤已成为危及全人类生命的重大疾病,虽然常规治疗手段如手术及放疗/化疗等不断发展,但对某些复发、难治性恶性肿瘤仍然束手无策,亟需安全、有效可行的治疗手段。在肿瘤基因治疗领域,能在肿瘤细胞内大量自我复制并选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞的溶瘤病毒(Oncolytic virus)逐渐崭露头角,目前溶瘤病毒抗瘤治疗备受关注。其中溶瘤麻疹病毒疫苗株(MV-Edm)因其可靠的安全性和优良的溶瘤效果已进入几项临床试验,为推动其临床转化奠定了基础,期望为肿瘤患者带来治疗上的突破。本文就目前溶瘤麻疹病毒的临床研究与转化进展的相关研究成果进行综述。     

乳腺导管内乳头状瘤、非典型乳头状瘤与导管内乳头状癌诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨乳腺导管内乳头状癌和导管内乳头状瘤、非典型乳头状瘤的病理表现及诊断与鉴别诊断.方法:对20例乳腺导管内乳头状癌及23例导管内乳头状瘤、5例非典型导管内乳头状瘤进行大体及镜下病理学分析及免疫组化分析,并结合文献对其病理表现、病理形态特点及鉴别诊断进行探讨.结果:20例乳腺导管内乳头状癌HE染色表现为导管明显扩张,有真性乳头,乳头之轴心由纤维血管束组成,乳头覆盖细胞有多种形式,但真正的肌上皮是缺如的.免疫组化SMA/p63显示局部或完全的肌上皮细胞消失,CEA85%的乳头状癌阳性.23例导管内乳头状瘤乳头存在肌上皮层,免疫组化结果与导管内乳头状癌相反.5例非典型乳头状瘤局部(＜1/3的区域)显示有不典型上皮增生,局部有肌上皮缺失.结论:乳腺导管内乳头状癌是一种具有乳头状癌样结构基础上的原位恶性上皮增生,但无浸润的癌.预后好于其他型导管原位癌,免疫标记SMA、p63和CEA可以帮助该肿瘤的诊断及与乳腺导管内乳头状瘤、非典型导管内乳头状瘤鉴别诊断.     

Spontaneous neurite outgrowth and vasoactive intestinal peptide-Iike immunoreactivity of cultures of human paraganglioma cells from the glomus jugulare

Summary The chief cells of paraganglionic tissues have morphological and functional similarities to adrenal chromaffin cells, and both cell types are derived from the neural crest. In the present investigation cells from two glomus jugulare paragangliomas were studied in culture. Approximately 50% of the cells from one tumor, and 7% from the other spontaneously formed neurite-like processes. Numerous granular and agranular synaptic-like vesicles also appeared in the process-forming cells. In contrast to findings with normal and neoplastic adrenal chromaffin cells, addition of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the culture medium had no major effects on proportion of cells with processes. Dexamethasone caused only a small decrease in process length. Culturing of the tumors also appeared to promote production of material with VIP-like immunoreactivity. It is concluded that the phenotype of paraganglioma as well as pheochromocytoma cells may be altered in vitro. Responsiveness to specific factors such as NGF or steroids, however, may vary for related tumor cell types in different anatomic locations.     

Diagnosis and treatment of carotid body paraganglioma: 21 years of experience at a clinical center of Serbia

BACKGROUND: The carotid body paraganglioma (chemodectoma) is a relatively rare neoplasm of obscure origin. These are usually benign and commonly present as asymptomatic cervical mass. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of 12 patients (9 female and 3 male) with carotid body tumors treated between 1982 and 2003, treated at our center were retrospectively reviewed. Data on classification, clinical presentation, and surgical treatment were extracted from the case records. Surgical complications and treatment outcome were noted and survival was calculated by actuarial method. The literature on carotid body paraganglioma was reviewed. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 52 years (range 30-78 years). Eight of these cases presented as a large asymptomatic non-tender neck mass, and two each presented with dysphagia, and hoarseness of voice. As per Shamblin classification seven of tumors were type II and 5 were types III. In 7 cases subadventitial tumor excision was performed, while in 5 associated resection of both external and internal carotid arteries was carried out. The artery was repaired by end-to-end anastomosis in one case, with Dacron graft in one case, and with saphenous vein graft in 3 cases. There was no operative mortality. After a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (range 6 months to 20 years), there were no signs of tumor recurrence in any of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for carotid body paragangliomas although radiation therapy is an option for patients who are not ideal candidates for surgery. For the tumors that are in intimate contact with carotid arteries, the treatment by vascular surgeon is recommended.     

可溶性MICA在胆管癌患者外周血中表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨可溶性MICA（sMICA）在胆管癌患者外周血中的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）检测42例胆管癌患者的外周血sMICA的表达水平,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果：胆管癌患者血清sMICA水平显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）;胆管癌患者血清中sMICA的表达水平与血清中CA19-9水平、肿瘤浸润及淋巴结转移等临床病理特征密切相关（P〈0.05）;手术后胆管癌患者血清中sMICA水平明显下降。结论：胆管癌患者血清中sMICA水平明显增高,血清sMICA可作为胆管癌诊断的一种重要的指标。     

WBSCR22在脑胶质瘤中的表达与临床病理特征及预后关系

摘要 目的：探索WBSCR22在脑胶质瘤中的表达及与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法：通过生物信息学数据库,分析WBSCR22表达与脑胶质瘤生存的关系、在不同种族脑胶质瘤表达差异。通过免疫组织化学法检测WBSCR22在171例脑胶质瘤组织芯片中的表达,分析其与脑胶质瘤患者临床病理特征及总生存期的关系。结果：生物信息学分析显示脑胶质瘤WBSCR22表达高的患者生存期较表达低的患者短（P<0.05）。亚洲人群脑胶质瘤中WBSCR22表达较高加索人、非洲人种表达升高（P<0.05）。组织芯片学结果显示：不同肿瘤分级、复发与否的脑胶质瘤患者WBSCR22的表达存在差异,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同性别、年龄患者脑胶质瘤细胞 WBSCR22表达率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）WBSCR22高表达患者的总生存期明显短于WBSCR22低表达患者的总生存期（P<0.01）。结论：WBSCR22在亚洲人群脑胶质瘤中表达较高,其表达水平与肿瘤分级相关,且脑胶质瘤细胞WBSCR22表达水平越高,总生存期越短。     

可溶性MICA 在胆管癌患者外周血中表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨可溶性MICA(sMICA)在胆管癌患者外周血中的表达及其临床意义.方法:应用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测42例胆管癌患者的外周血sMICA的表达水平,分析其与临床病理特征的关系.结果:胆管癌患者血清sMICA水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);胆管癌患者血清中sMICA的表达水平与血清中CA19-9水平、肿瘤浸润及淋巴结转移等临床病理特征密切相关(P＜0.05);手术后胆管癌患者血清中sMICA水平明显下降.结论:胆管癌患者血清中sMICA水平明显增高,血清sMICA可作为胆管癌诊断的一种重要的指标.     

NIH小鼠纤维腺瘤流行病学及病理学诊断

目的对本单位封闭群NIH小鼠发生的皮下肿瘤进行诊断。方法统计发病率、发病体重、分娩胎次等信息,并切除肿瘤组织制作病理切片。结果该肿瘤发病率为1.32%,病理切片诊断为纤维腺瘤。结论本单位饲养繁殖的NIH小鼠发生皮下肿瘤诊断为纤维腺瘤,其发病原因需进一步研究探索。     

女性甲状腺癌的病理与预后分析

目的:探讨女性甲状腺癌的病理特点以及预后影响因素。方法:收集2005年1月至2009年8月,齐齐哈尔和平医院收治的女性甲状腺癌患者148例,回顾分析其临床病理特点以及预后影响因素。结果:病理检查显示131例(88.5%)甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC),6例(4.1%)为滤泡状癌(FTC),3例(2.0%)为髓样癌(MTC),6例(4.1%)为未分化癌(ATC);病理分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ期占45.3%,Ⅲ-Ⅳ期占54.7%;27例(18.24%)为周围组织侵犯,9例(6.1%)为远处转移,10例(6.76%)对侧甲状腺转移,56例(37.84%)颈部淋巴结转移;1年、3年、5年生存率依次为97.3%、93.2%、83.8%;年龄、病理床分期、病理类型、淋巴结转移、远处转移以及周围组织侵犯均是影响临床预后的重要因素(P0.05)。结论:女性甲状腺癌存在病理分期晚、病理分型差、淋巴结转移、远处转移及局部侵犯率高等不良预后因素,早期影像学检查对临床治疗具有指导意义。     

ADAMl0在胰腺癌患者血清中表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨ADAM10在胰腺癌患者外周血中的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）检测40例胰腺癌患者和20例健康体检者的外周血ADAM10的表达水平,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果：胰腺癌患者血清ADAM10水平显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）;胰腺癌患者血清中ADAM10的表达水平与胰腺癌淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.05）,且行根治性手术切除的胰腺癌患者ADAM10表达水平低于姑息性手术切除的患者（P〈0.05）;ADAM10对胰腺癌诊断的敏感度、特异性分别为51.7%、76.9%,联合检测CA19-9有助于提高胰腺癌诊断敏感度,但特异性有所下降;根治性切除后胰腺癌患者血清中ADAM10水平明显下降。结论：胰腺癌癌患者血清中ADAM10水平明显增高,检测血清ADAM10有助于胰腺癌的诊断和治疗。     

Synthesis of novel benzothiazole amides: Evaluation of PPAR activity and anti-proliferative effects in paraganglioma,pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines

The reduced activation of PPARs has a positive impact on cancer cell growth and viability in multiple preclinical tumor models, suggesting a new therapeutic potential for PPAR antagonists. In the present study, the benzothiazole amides 2a-g were synthesized and their activities on PPARs were investigated. Transactivation assay showed a moderate activity of the novel compounds as PPARα antagonists. Notably, in cellular assays they exhibited cytotoxicity in pancreatic, colorectal and paraganglioma cancer cells overexpressing PPARα. In particular, compound 2b showed the most remarkable inhibition of viability (greater than 90%) in two paraganglioma cell lines, with IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar range. In addition, 2b markedly impaired colony formation capacity in the same cells. Taken together, these results show a relevant anti-proliferative potential of compound 2b, which appears particularly effective in paraganglioma, a rare tumor poorly responsive to chemotherapy.     

131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine treatment of a malignant paraganglioma.

The bone metastases of a malignant, non-secreting paraganglioma were treated with [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) over a 10-year period. Initial treatment (131I-MIBG: 9.6 GBq) resulted in a decrease in the number of bone metastases from 16 to 2. At three years, a relapse with primary tumor regrowth and liver metastasis was again treated with 131I-MIBG (22.2 GBq). A decrease in the number of bone metastases and MIBG uptake was again observed.