大鼠海马神经元膜离子通道随培养时间变化的特点

目的和方法:采用膜片钳全细胞记录技术观察新生大鼠海马神经元体外分散培养过程中,基本离子通道和膜参数随培养天数延长而变化的规律.结果:在7 d,14 d和21 d时电压依赖性钠电流(Voltage-dependent Na cur-rent,ⅠNa)和延迟整流性钾电流(Delayed rectifier K current,Ⅰk)的幅度无显著性差异.电压依赖性钙电流(Voltage-dependent Ca2 current,ⅠCa)和ⅠCa密度则持续增大,进一步研究表明,L型钙通道(L-type voltage-dependent Ca2 channel,L-VDCC)的增加是其主要原因.NMDA诱发电流随培养时间延长而明显增加.结论:钙通道和NMDA受体所介导的Ca2 内流是神经元易感于衰老和死亡的重要机制之一.     

麻黄碱抑制支气管平滑肌细胞增殖的机制

BK通道(large-conductance Ca2 -activated K channel)是一种大电导、电压和钙离子依赖的钾通道,存在于哺乳动物几乎所有的组织中.β1亚基是首次从平滑肌细胞中分离到的一种BK通道辅助亚基.麻黄作为一种β肾上腺素受体激动剂,是一味治疗哮喘的常用中药.利用RT-PCR和膜片钳等技术,研究麻黄治疗哮喘的作用机制.结果表明:麻黄碱(ephedrine,Eph)作为麻黄的一种主要成分,显著抑制支气管平滑肌细胞(bronchial smooth muscle cells,BSMCs)的增殖和BK通道β1亚基的表达,但是对BK通道的电流没有显著影响.     

白细胞介素-6对新生大鼠海马神经元电压依赖离子通道和NMDA电流的影响

目的: 研究白细胞介素-6对海马神经元电压依赖离子通道和NMDA电流的影响.方法: 应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察IL-6对电压依赖性钠通道电流(INa),延迟整流性钾通道电流(IK),电压依赖性钙通道电流(ICa),NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate)受体通道电流的影响.结果: 50 ng/ml IL-6作用24 h后IK 和ICa明显减小,Cm明显增大.50,500 ng/ml时减小NMDA电流.结论: IL-6通过作用于电压依赖钾通道,钙离子通道及NMDA通道影响神经元功能.     

电压门控钠通道的β亚基调控机制

电压门控钠通道是细胞电兴奋的重要分子基础,由一个α孔道亚基和单个或多个β辅助亚基构成。β亚基以直接与钠通道α亚基结合或以细胞粘附分子方式,组合或单独调节α亚基的表达定位及门控特性。因此,β亚基与α亚基不同亚型的细胞特异性表达组合,是神经元内在特性的内源性调控机制之一。本文基于钠通道β亚基不同亚型差异表达与功能的多样性调控,解析疼痛、癫痫等通道病发生发展的β亚基相关机制,以期为靶向电压门控钠通道的临床诊疗和新药发现提供新策略。     

BK通道对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用及机制

目的:探讨缺血再灌注损伤早期肾脏皮质内大电导钙依赖性钾通道(BK)通道的表达及意义。方法:建立成年SD大鼠肾脏急性缺血再灌注损伤模型,快速收集24小时缺血大鼠与对照大鼠血和损伤侧肾脏皮质标本,使用ELISA方法检测血肌酐和尿素氮含量,实时荧光定量RT-PCR和蛋白免疫印迹方法检测肾脏组织中BK通道α亚基的m RNA表达水平和蛋白表达水平。结果:(1)急性缺血再灌注大鼠损伤侧肾脏皮质BK通道α亚基m RNA水平较对照大鼠同侧肾脏皮质的表达明显降低(P0.01)。(2)急性缺血再灌注大鼠损伤侧肾脏皮质BK通道α亚基蛋白水平较对照大鼠同侧肾脏皮质的表达也明显降低(P0.05)。(3)NS1619预处理缺血再灌注大鼠血尿素氮和血肌酐含量显著降低(P0.05)。结论:BK通道表达和功能的改变是参与大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的重要机制。     

新生大鼠下丘脑神经元L-Ca~(2 )通道电流活动特征

目的 :研究新生大鼠下丘脑神经元L Ca2 通道单通道特性 ;Ca2 通道激动剂BayK 86 44对Ca2 通道单通道特性的影响。方法 :采用神经元急性分离技术 ;用膜片钳细胞贴附式记录方式进行研究。结果 :大鼠下丘脑神经元L Ca2 通道是一种电导相对较大的Ca2 通道 ,其电导为 (2 9.5± 3.1)pS ,平均开放时间 (τ0 )为 0 .2 8ms,平均关闭时间的短关闭时间常数 (τc1)为 2 .91ms,长关闭时间常数 (τc2 )为 5 3.2 2ms。此通道几乎不存在时间依赖性失活。BayK86 44显著增加通道的开放概率 ,通道平均开放时间增加为 1.6 1ms。结论 :下丘脑神经元存在L Ca2 通道 ,该通道具有明显电压依赖性 ,而无显著的时间依赖性。通道特征与文献报道的其它神经元上L Ca2 通道相似 ,也有明显不同 ,显示下丘脑神经元L Ca2 钙通道的独特性     

白细胞介素-6对新生大鼠海马神经元电压依赖离子通道和NMDA电流的影响

目的 :研究白细胞介素 6对海马神经元电压依赖离子通道和NMDA电流的影响。方法 :应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察IL 6对电压依赖性钠通道电流 (INa) ,延迟整流性钾通道电流 (IK) ,电压依赖性钙通道电流 (ICa) ,NMDA(N methyl D aspartate)受体通道电流的影响。结果 :5 0ng/mlIL 6作用 2 4h后IK和ICa明显减小 ,Cm明显增大。 5 0 ,5 0 0ng/ml时减小NMDA电流。结论 :IL 6通过作用于电压依赖钾通道 ,钙离子通道及NMDA通道影响神经元功能。     

抗钠-钙交换体α-1重复序列(117-137)抗体对心肌钠-钙交换电流及钙电流的抑制作用(英文)

本研究旨在探讨抗钠-钙交换体(Na+-Ca2+ exchanger,NCX)α-1重复序列(117-137)抗体对大鼠心肌细胞钠-钙交换电流的影响。实验用合成的α-1重复序列(117-137)肽免疫大鼠制备抗α-1重复序列(117-137)抗体;应用全细胞膜片钳技术,在急性分离的心肌细胞上观察抗α-1重复序列(117-137)抗体对大鼠心肌细胞钠-钙交换电流的影响,同时还观察了其对大鼠心肌细胞L型钙通道、电压门控钠通道和豚鼠心肌延迟整流钾通道电流的影响;最后,采用EMBOSS Pairwise Alignment Algorithms软件对NCXα-1重复序列和L型钙通道(1076～1096)的氨基酸序列进行了比较。结果显示,抗α-1重复序列(117-137)抗体对大鼠心肌细胞Na+-Ca2+交换电流呈现剂量依赖性的抑制作用。在钳制电压为+50和-100mV时,其抑制外向和内向钠-钙交换电流的IC50分别为18.9和22.4nmol/L。此外,该抗体还对L型钙通道电流具有抑制效应(IC50=22.7nmol/L),对电压门控钠通道和延迟整流钾通道电流则无明显影响。通过氨基酸序列比对发现,NCX α-1重复序列(117-137)与L型钙通道IIIS5-S6序列(孔环)之间具有23.8%的相似性。以上结果表明,抗NCX α-1重复序列(117-137)抗体是心肌NCX的一种抑制性抗体,同时也可以抑制L型钙通道。     

烟碱对脑细胞内钙离子浓度的调控及其机制分析

神经肌肉接头及神经节N受体均可引起细胞外Ca~(2 )内流和细胞内Ca~(2 )释放,增加细胞内Ca~(2 )浓度。尚无资料证明脑N受体是否影响细胞内Ca~(2-)浓度。本实验观察烟碱对脑细胞内Ca~(2 )浓度的影响并探讨其可能的机理。 烟碱对大鼠脑突触体主动摄取~(45)Ca~(2 )的影响 本实验条件下钙通道激动剂Bay-k-8644(10~(-7)～10~(-4)～mol/L)浓度依赖性地增加突触体~(45)Ca~(2 )主动摄取量;钙通道拮抗剂异搏定(10~(-9)～10~(-5)mol/L)浓度依赖性地抑制~(45)Ca~(2 )摄取     

转铁蛋白在低钾刺激Madin Darby狗肾细胞钠-钾ATP酶中的作用

体外低钾培养肾细胞能刺激细胞膜钠-钾ATP酶。本研究利用Madin Darby狗肾细胞能在无血清培养液中健康生存48h这一特征,研究体外低钾刺激细胞膜钠-钾ATP酶所依赖的血清中的活性因子,观察了表皮生长因子(EGF)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF1)、前列腺素1(PGE1)和转铁蛋白(tranderrin)在这一过程中的作用。结果表明,在无血清培养液中低钾并不能刺激细胞膜钠—钾ATP酶,而添加转铁蛋白可模拟血清的作用。转铁蛋白能剂量依赖性地增加ouabain结合位点,对细胞膜钠-钾ATP酶作用呈良好的时间效应关系。在低钾无血清培养液中,细胞膜钠-钾ATP酶α1亚基启动子活性增强,α1与β1亚基蛋白质表达的增加依赖于转铁蛋白的存在。进一步研究结果表明,低钾在转铁蛋白的无血清培养液环境中能增加细胞对铁的摄取(^59Fe),该作用可被铁螯合剂(deferoxamine,DFO;35 μmol/L)所阻断。DFO也可阻断转铁蛋白依赖性低钾刺激细胞膜钠-钾ATP酶数目的增多,α1亚基启动子活性增强,α1与β1亚基蛋白质表达增加。以上结果表明,低钾对细胞膜钠-钾ATP酶活性的刺激作用依赖于转铁蛋白所调节的铁的摄取。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.