长双歧杆菌NCC2705高效转化系统的建立及GFP表达

目的:建立长双歧杆菌NCC2705高效稳定的电转化系统,并以其为宿主表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP),构建一个稳定的带报告基因的表达载体。方法:从双歧杆菌克隆载体pDG7中切取其在双歧杆菌中复制所必需的pMB1复制子插入质粒pUC19的多克隆位点区,并将gfp基因在双歧杆菌中进行表达;设计双歧杆菌电击转化体系,研究在不同电击电压条件下的电转效率。结果:首先构建了大肠杆菌-长双歧杆菌穿梭质粒pUB1和带有gfp基因的表达质粒pUB2,用电击法将之转化至双歧杆菌,当细菌生长到D600nm约为0.5时制备感受态细胞,在电容25μF、电阻200Ω、电压12.5 kV/cm的电击条件下进行完整质粒转化,可得到较高的转化率。结论:构建了以长双歧杆菌NCC2705为宿主的高效稳定的表达系统,为进一步研究益生菌的分子生物学和功能特性提供了基础。     

地衣芽孢杆菌原生质体电转化方法的研究

为了解决地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)工业菌株难以转化的问题,将原生质体制备、电穿孔和原生质体再生技术相结合,建立了一种地衣芽孢杆菌原生质体电击转化方法。在对菌体生长状态、溶菌酶作用时间、电转电压、渗透压保护剂等条件进行优化后,试验了将不同类型的表达载体,即游离型质粒p GJ103(3.3kb)和整合型质粒p AX01(9.3kb),分别转入两株地衣芽孢杆菌工业生产菌株B.licheniformis CICC 10181和B.licheniformis CICC 20204中。实验结果显示,对数生长期后期的菌体酶解40min后制备的地衣芽孢杆菌原生质体得率为96%,再生率达25%以上。原生质体与质粒DNA在最适电压0.6k V/mm下电击转化,并以0.5mol/L山梨醇或甘露醇作为渗透压保护剂进行再生培养后,最终游离型质粒的转化率可达0.88×102~1.1×102CFU/μg p GJ103,整合型质粒的转化率达到0.45×102~0.52×102CFU/μg p AX01。该方法为地衣芽孢杆菌野生工业菌株的遗传改造提供了一种新的、高效的转化手段。     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌质粒DNA的高压电穿孔转化研究

采用高压电穿孔法将穿梭质粒导入了嗜热脂肪芽胞杆菌(Bacillusstearothermophilus)K1041和T521菌株.以对数生长后期的菌体制备K1041转化细胞,以LB平板上于50℃培养的过夜菌制备T521转化细胞,细胞密度为5～7×109细胞/mL.电击条件如下电容25μF,电场强度10.0KV/cm,脉冲控制器设定200Ω.K1041和T521最高转化效率分别达2.01×104和1.19×102转化子/μgDNA.此外,研究发现T521和K1041中存在着DNA的限制/修饰系统.     

几丁质酶ChiAC不同时期表达对苏云金杆菌的影响

目的:研究几丁质酶在苏云金杆菌不同生长时期的异源表达对菌体生长、芽胞形成及杀虫活性的影响.方法:构建了几丁质酶基因chiAC分别在其自身营养期启动子和芽胞特异性强启动子一二元毒素启动子调控下的两个重组质粒pBC和pB-bC,将其转化进苏云金杆菌以色列亚种IPS78菌株(得到的重组菌株分别命名为Bti-pBC和Bti-pBbC).结果:菌株Bti-pBc在营养期表达(O～40h)ChiAC,ChiAC的表达显著影响其芽胞形成,进而导致对致倦库蚊毒力的显著下降(LC<,50>1×10<5'>ng/ml,原始菌株为5.61 ng/ml;菌株Bti-pBbC则在其整个生长阶段(O～80 h)均能大量稳定的表达ChiAC,且ChiAC的表达不影响其芽胞形成及对蚊幼的毒力(LC<,50>为7.16 ng/ml).结论:几丁质酶基因chiAC在二元毒素启动子调控下能在苏云金杆菌中强效稳定的表达且不影响其芽胞形成和杀虫活性.     

超声波介导质粒pET28a转化枯草芽胞杆菌的研究

揭示超声波介导下质粒DNA转化枯草芽胞杆菌发生的生物学机制,以便于枯草芽胞杆菌基因工程菌株的工业化应用。建立超声波介导质粒pET28a转化枯草芽胞杆菌的一种方法,采用扫描电镜结合理化分析检测技术研究超声波处理前后细胞的变化。结果显示,一定条件的超声(40~100 W)处理后的质粒DNA可以转化枯草芽胞杆菌,处理后的细胞在电镜下表面凹凸不平,出现褶皱现象;而且胞内蛋白质、磷脂及碱性磷酸酶(AP)大量释放至胞外。结果表明,超声波介导的DNA转化是细胞生理响应与超声波共同作用的结果。     

地衣芽胞杆菌dif序列的功能鉴定

地衣芽胞杆菌是重要的工业菌株,如何为其建立一种有效的基因删除技术是对该菌株进行遗传改良的基础。枯草芽胞杆菌difB8序列已经被成功用于枯草芽胞杆菌多基因的删除。在分析地衣芽胞杆菌基因组序列并获得与枯草芽胞杆菌difB8以。序列十分相似的一段序列difBLi的基础上,构建了在庆大霉素抗性基因两侧具有difBLi的重组质粒pMD19-difGm和pHY-XI’：：difGm,通过电击转化法将质粒pHY-XI’：：difGm导入B．1icheniformis ATCC14580中,筛选获得了具有庆大霉素抗性的转化子。在转化子的传代过程中,重组质粒的庆大霉素抗性基因在体内Xer／dif／f位点特异性重组系统的介导下通过其侧翼的dif位点进行同源重组而被准确删除。确证了地衣芽胞杆菌中dif序列的功能,为地衣芽胞杆菌基因组中多基因的删除提供了一种新的实验途径。     

PlcR在炭疽芽胞杆菌A16R中的功能研究

炭疽芽胞杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)、蜡样芽胞杆菌(B. cereus)和苏云金芽胞杆菌(B. thuringiensis)均属于蜡样芽胞杆菌群,在遗传学上有很高的相似性。PlcR (Phospholipase C regulator)在蜡样芽胞杆菌中是十分重要的调控因子,但plcR基因在炭疽芽胞杆菌中发生一个无义突变导致在炭疽芽胞杆菌中产生一个截短PlcR蛋白。为了研究plcR基因对炭疽芽胞杆菌功能的影响,文章以蜡样芽胞杆菌CMCC6330基因组为模板,构建重组表达质粒pBE2A-plcR后导入炭疽芽胞杆菌疫苗株A16R中获得重组菌株,对其进行表型分析。结果显示,炭疽芽胞杆菌重组菌株的溶血活性基本没有恢复,但恢复了部分神经鞘磷脂酶活性,表明将蜡样芽胞杆菌的plcR基因导入炭疽芽胞杆菌后,可以直接激活神经鞘磷脂酶活性。     

重组枯草芽胞杆菌不对称还原产d-伪麻黄碱

为了实现羰基还原酶基因mldh在枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis中的表达并通过细胞内的葡萄糖脱氢酶完成辅酶的再生,以枯草芽胞杆菌rpsD基因的启动子PrpsD和终止子TrpsD为表达元件,将羰基还原酶基因mldh连接至构建好的质粒(pHY300plk-PrpsD-TrpsD上,得到质粒pHY300plk-PrpsD-mldh-TrpsD;进一步将重组质粒转化入B. subtilis Wb600中获得重组菌B. subtilis Wb600 (pHY300plk-PrpsD-mldh-Trps     

chiA基因在稻根联合固氮菌E26和NG13中的表达

将带有粘质沙雷氏菌几丁质酶基因 (chiA)的 1 8kbHinfⅠ片段分别克隆到表达载体pKK2 2 3 3和质粒pMC71A上 ,构建成几丁质酶表达质粒pKChiA和pMChiA。将这 2种质粒转化稻根联合固氮菌阴沟肠杆菌E2 6 (EnterobactercloacaeE2 6 )和催娩克氏菌NG1 3 (Klebsiellaoxy tocaNG1 3 ) ,chiA基因在这 2菌株中获得高效表达。对表达产物的细胞定位测定表明 ,几丁质酶不仅存在于细胞周间质和胞内 ,而且还分泌到培养物上清液中。在对数生长后期 ,胞外、胞间质和胞内的几丁质酶活性分布分别为 2 3 %～ 2 8%、45 %～ 5 1 %和 2 1 %～ 3 2 %。经SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测表明 ,表达的几丁质酶蛋白分子量为 5 8kD。在受体细胞内 ,质粒pMChiA的稳定性要比质粒pKChiA高。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白基因vip3A在枯草芽胞杆菌中的表达

枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis常被用于表达杀虫和抗菌蛋白.为了探讨苏云金芽胞杆菌B. thuringiensis营养期杀虫蛋白基因（vip3A）在枯草芽胞杆菌中的表达情况,促进杀虫防病工程菌构建,将枯草芽胞杆菌168菌株核糖体小亚基S4蛋白基因的启动子与苏云金芽胞杆菌WB7菌株vip3A基因的编码序列连接,插入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli与枯草芽胞杆菌穿梭载体pAD123,得到重组原核表达质粒pADpvip,将重组质粒转化枯草芽胞杆菌标准菌株168和分离自辣椒体内的生防内生枯草芽胞杆菌BS-2菌株中,获得工程菌株.SDS-PAGE分析表明在枯草芽胞杆菌168菌株的部分工程菌株中有约88 kDa大小的VIP条带,而BS-2的工程菌株中未见相应的条带,表明Vip3A蛋白仅在168菌株中表达.生物测定表明有5株168的工程菌株（168vip1-4,6）表现较高的杀虫活性,工程菌株发酵稀释液（约10⁷CFU/mL）处理的小白菜叶片饲喂斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫72 h的杀虫效果可达87.64%~92.13%,但vip3A基因转入内生枯草芽胞杆菌BS-2中不表现杀虫作用.毒力测定表明168vip2菌株对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫72 h的LC₅₀为0.0194 mL/mL.这些结果为进一步研究基因在枯草芽胞杆菌中的表达构建杀虫防病工程菌打下了基础.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.