中型滇丁香抑菌及抗耐药菌株作用的研究

采用平板法 ,对中型滇丁香乙醇浸膏抑菌和抗耐药菌株的活性进行研究 ,发现其对金黄葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌敏感菌株具有抑制或杀菌作用 ;对金黄葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的耐药菌株没有抑菌或杀菌的作用 ;以青霉素为对照 ,发现其对大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌作用比青霉素明显。     

光照和温度对滇丁香种子萌发的影响

研究了不同光照和温度条件对滇丁香(Luculia pinciana)种子萌发的影响。结果表明,滇丁香种子是需光种子,有明显的光休眠现象;种子在光下萌发的最适温度范围为20~25℃,8~10d开始萌发,2~3周萌发完全,萌发率可达97%,温度的升高或降低均会降低种子萌发率。在15~30℃,用250mg/L GA₃处理24h能代替光照解除光休眠。     

庭园绿化新秀滇丁香

被誉为天然花园的云南,在海拔1300米以上的山坡林地内,生长着一种极为美丽的木本花卉——滇丁香。每到金秋时节,葱郁的山林间,一团团粉红色或大红颜色的滇丁香花朵纷纷会映入人们的眼帘,如果你没有机会到野外去欣赏它们的芳容,也可在云南昆明的金殿公园名胜区的茶花园,或云南大理古城的花园中都能寻觅到它那清逸娇美、楚楚动人的倩影,此外还有丽江和武定也有少量栽培。近年来,在昆明金殿落户的滇丁香(Luculiaintermedia)和鸡冠滇丁香(L.yunnanensis),都是园林工作者从野外引入庭园栽培的新秀,也是人们喜爱的野生花卉之一。滇丁香为茜草科滇…     

滇黄芩再生植株中黄酮类化合物的组织化学定位及黄芩苷的含量测定

应用植物组织化学定位方法,研究了组织培养滇黄芩再生植株中黄酮类化合物的积累分布状态;并且通过HPLC对滇黄芩再生植株中黄芩苷的含量进行测定。结果表明,滇黄芩再生植株黄酮类化合物主要存在于营养器官的表皮和皮层,以及茎、叶腺毛中。同时,测定再生植株中黄芩苷的含量表明,地下部分(根)含量为0.12%;地上部分(茎、叶)含量为0.43%。     

不同光周期下馥郁滇丁香 ‘香妃’的成花反应以及花芽分化进程的解剖学研究

以馥郁滇丁香品种‘香妃’扦插苗为试验材料,通过人工设置不同的光周期及采用迁光法对其进行处理,探讨不同光周期下馥郁滇丁香‘香妃’的成花反应,并采用石蜡切片法观察其花芽分化进程,以期为馥郁滇丁香‘香妃’的花期调控及商品化盆栽提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）馥郁滇丁香‘香妃’属于质性或专性短日照植物,临界日长约为14 h,适宜成花的日照长度为10～12 h,限界性诱导光周期为30 d短日照。（2）在诱导光周期下,花芽形态分化包括未分化期、总苞原基分化期、花序或小花原基分化期、花被原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期及雌蕊原基分化期。在诱导光周期下处理16 d后,植株全部完成了成花转变;处理30 d后,所有植株的花芽分化处于花被原基发育形成期,并且成花决定达到稳定状态,移入非诱导光周期下不会发生成花逆转。（3）在4 h暗中断的非诱导光周期下,所有植株的芽一直处于营养生长的未分化期。     

丁香挥发油化学成分与抗菌活性研究

利用气相色谱—质谱(GCMS)法结合化学计量学方法对丁香挥发油化学成分进行了分析研究。得益于化学计量学分辨方法,从丁香花蕾与丁香果实中共鉴定了46种化合物。其中从丁香果实挥发油中鉴定了41种化合物,占挥发油总量的94.154%;从丁香花蕾挥发油中鉴定出30种化合物,占其挥发油总量的98.418%。2,3,4trimethoxyacetophenone和2methoxy4[2propenyl]phenolacetate为首次从丁香挥发油中鉴定得到。两种已经确认具有生物活性的化合物丁子香酚和石竹烯在丁香果挥发油分别为22.667%和7.147%,而在丁香花蕾挥发油中含量分别为和57.133%和14.408%,二者在相对含量上差异较大。体外抗菌试验结果表明,这两种挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌十分敏感,对大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌敏感。而丁香花蕾挥发油对所有试验菌株都比丁香果挥发油表现出更强的抗菌活性,我们认为这可能是前者丁子香酚和石竹烯含量高的原因。     

大叶山楝根的化学成分及细胞毒活性研究

该研究从大叶山楝根95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到10个化合物,经波谱解析分别鉴定为schleicheol 2(1),β-扶桑甾醇(2),fregenedadiol(3),异巴西红厚壳素(4),丁香酯素(5),表丁香酯素(6),graminone A(7),sylvatesmin(8),Z-6-十九烯酸甲酯(9),棕榈酸(10)。其中,化合物1-4、化合物7-9为首次从山楝属植物中分离得到。细胞毒活性测试结果表明,化合物1和化合物2对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901生长具有一定的抑制活性。     

茜草科二型花柱植物滇丁香传粉精确性研究

异型花柱是一种受遗传因素控制的花型多态性现象,其适应意义在于提高不同花型间传粉精确性,从而促进异交。为检验二型花柱植物滇丁香（Luculia pinceana）是如何促进异交并确定有效传粉者的类型,实验统计自然种群中长、短柱型的植株数量,测量花部特征,统计自然种群植株柱头上的型间花粉落置的数量和比例,比较型内、型间花粉的萌发率以及花粉管长度,比较不同人工授粉处理结实情况,观察传粉昆虫类型并测量虫体特征。结果表明（1）滇丁香自然居群中长、短柱型植株的数量没有显著性差异。长柱型的筒深、筒直径、开口直径、雄蕊长和柱头长均显著小于短柱型,而长柱型的叶片长和宽、雌蕊长、花药体积、花粉粒体积、柱头厚均显著大于短柱型。（2）自然种群植株柱头上型间花粉所占比例显著低于型内花粉的比例。（3）型间授粉的花粉萌发率以及花粉管长度均大于型内授粉和混合授粉。（4）型间授粉的结实率显著高于型内授粉的结实率,型内授粉具有一定的结实。（5）夜行性长喙条背天蛾（Cechenena lineosa）是滇丁香的有效传粉者,其吻长和滇丁香的花筒深相适应。本研究表明二型花柱植物滇丁香主要是通过与其花部特征相匹配的长喙天蛾实现有效的传粉,通过促进型间花粉的萌发和花粉管的伸长而有利于型间授粉结实,提高传粉精确性。     

欧丁香鲜花、叶、果实香气的提取及感官评价

采用多相同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法分别提取欧丁香鲜花和鲜叶香气,采用索氏提取法提取欧丁香鲜果实香气,通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分别分析其香气组分,感官评价香气。研究结果表明欧丁香鲜花、叶和果实提取物中香气化合物以较低GC百分含量存在,如异佛尔酮等。欧丁香鲜叶精油的较佳采收期在6月。欧丁香鲜花、叶、果实的香气有差异。     

中华青牛胆的化学成分研究

对中华青牛胆(Tinospora sinensis)的化学成分进行研究.从其95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到了6个化合物,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构分别为:反式丁香苷(1)、3'-去甲基-连翘苷(2)、半萜苷(3)、香草醛(4)、胡萝卜苷(5)、β-谷甾醇(6).以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

滇黔金腰、大叶金腰和锈毛金腰挥发油的化学成分

从贵州省宽阔水自然保护区采集滇黔金腰、大叶金腰和锈毛金腰,采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱—质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,共鉴定出85种成分,主要为十六烷酸、烷烃类、肉豆蔻酸和叶绿醇等化合物。其中,在滇黔金腰中共鉴定出48种化学成分,主要有十六烷酸(10.29%)和月桂酸(7.54%)等;在大叶金腰中共鉴定出50种化学成分,主要有邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(10.91%)和二十七烷(7.29%)等;在锈毛金腰中共鉴定出58种化学成分,主要有十六烷酸(12.66%)和三十二烷(8.15%)等。不同种金腰属植物挥发油的主要成分种类比较接近,但各自挥发油化合物组成又都含有其特有化学成分。     

Structural specificity of aromatic compounds with special reference to mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium--a series of chloro- or fluoro-nitrobenzene derivatives

The mutagenicity of 21 chloro- or fluoronitrobenzene compounds and 9 chloro- or fluorobenzene compounds in Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA98, TA1538, TA1537, TA100 and TA1535) was examined. The tests were carried out under the conditions of absence and presence of liver microsomal activation. 15 nitro-group compounds had mutagenic activity; above all, compounds of fluoronitrobenzene were mutagenic for both types of strain. On the other hand, chloronitrobenzene compounds were mutagenic for base-pair substitution strains only. Mutagenic activity was exhibited by all compounds having a chloro or fluoro substituent at the para and ortho position in the nitrobenzene nucleus. All compounds without a nitro substituent showed no mutagenic activity.     

Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectral Analyses of Heated Flavor Compounds of Beef Fats

The volatile compounds from beef fats heated under the cooking condition-145°C, l0 min-were isolated, and nonacidic compounds separated from them were further fractionated into five fractions by silicic acid column chromatography. The odor of nonacidic compounds significantly resembled the heated flavor of beef fats. Several carbonyl compounds, hydrocarbons, alcohols, lactones and pyrazine compounds in the fractionated compounds were identified with the techniques of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Their possible contribution to the heated beef fat flavor was discussed. The typical heated flavor could probably be ascribed to a proper combination of aldehydes, ketones, esters and sulfur-containing compounds.     

日光紫外线B辐射对甜荞苯丙烷代谢的影响

对甜荞(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)苯丙烷次生代谢受紫外线B辐射的响应进行了研究.结果表明:不仅卢丁、槲皮素等黄酮类化合物含量在紫外线B辐射下显著升高,而且叶片苯丙烷单环酚类化合物,如阿魏酸含量等也大幅度升高,两类化合物的应激提高对甜荞的UV-B胁迫提供了重要的保护作用.     

The anti-malarial activity of bivalent imidazolium salts

A series of compounds containing bivalent imidazolium rings and one triazolium analog were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the replication of Plasmodium falciparum cultures. The activity and selectivity of the compounds for P. falciparum cultures were found to depend on the presence of electron-deficient rings that were spaced an appropriate distance apart. The activity of the compounds was not critically dependent on the nature of the linker between the electron-deficient rings, an observation that suggests that the rings were responsible for the primary interaction with the molecular target of the compounds in the parasite. The bivalent imidazolium and triazolium compounds disrupted the process whereby merozoites gain entry into erythrocytes, however, they did not appear to prevent merozoites from forming. The compounds were also found to be active in a murine Plasmodium berghei infection, a result consistent with the compounds specifically interacting with a parasite component that is required for replication and is conserved between two Plasmodium species.     

Studies on the Flavors of Roast Barley (Mugi-Cha)

Five weakly acidic carbonyl compounds and two neutral carbonyl compounds were newly isolated as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones besides the previously reported compounds by using column and thin-layer chromatographies.

These compounds were characterized and identified by their IR, UV and MS spectra and the mixed melting points test.

The newly isolated and identified compounds were as follows; weakly acidic carbonyl compounds: 2-pyrrolealdehyde, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, syringaldehyde, proto-catechuic aldehyde, neutral carbonyl compounds: glyoxal, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

These compounds, particularly vanillin, protocatechuic aldehyde, 2-pyrrolealdehyde and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, appeared to be concerned with the flavor of roast barley (Mugi-Cha).     

Autohydrolysis of agricultural residues: study of reaction byproducts

Samples of rice husks and corn cobs were subjected to hydrothermal treatments in aqueous media under conditions leading to maximal xylooligomer concentration, and the reaction liquors were extracted with dichloromethane (DCM) to assess the type and amount of reaction byproducts with potential application as food ingredients and cosmetics. The identified DCM-soluble compounds were classified in four categories (sugar-derived compounds, lignin-derived compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds and fatty acids). The experimental results were compared with literature data.     

Highly oxygenated sesquiterpenes from the liverwort Trocholejeunea sandvicensis

Four pinguisane type sesquiterpenes were isolated from the liverwort Trocholejeunea scandvicensis, together with three aromatic compounds. The structures of the cited compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic means. The first two compounds were new sesquiterpenes, while the other compounds were previously isolated from other liverworts and lichen sp., respectively. The stereochemistry for lejeuneapinguisanolide was determined by X-ray analysis, a possible biosynthetic pathway to it was postulated. The other new sesquiterpene is lejeuneapinguisenone.     

Stereoselective synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities of 6- and 7-membered dioxacycloalkanes

A class of 5-trifluoroacetylamino-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes, 5-benzoylamino-1,3-dioxacycloalkanes, and 5-amino-1,3-dioxacycloalkane compounds were stereoselectively synthesized as potential anti-inflammatory drug candidates. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were tested using the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model, from which multiple compounds possessing anti-inflammatory properties which surpass aspirin were identified; these compounds were then compared to establish structure-activity relationships.     

多炔类化合物对亚洲玉米螟产卵驱避作用及玉米螟的触角电位反应

以茵陈二炔为结构母体,人工合成了11个多炔类化合物。采用蜡纸接卵法,测定了11 个化合物对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis的产卵驱避活性。结果表明: 当处理浓度为20 μg/cm²时,受试的化合物对亚洲玉米螟的产卵行为具有一定程度的驱避作用,其中化合物9（1-苯基-4-甲基-丁二炔）对亚洲玉米螟产卵驱避作用明显, 调查处理后的3天、4天、 5天和6天,其产卵驱避率分别为85.71%、80.00%、61.27%和62.51%。触角电位测定表明,受试的11个化合物对亚洲玉米螟成虫触角感受器具有刺激作用,其中化合物6和化合物9能强烈地刺激产生高振幅的动作电位。10 mg/mＬ浓度处理,测得化合物6触角电位相对值, 雌、雄虫分别为68.22% 和106.60%,化合物9分别为199.19% 和220.60%。经回归分析所测11个化合物的产卵驱避活性与触角电位反应相对值,两者呈现一定程度上的相关性。还讨论了合成的多炔类化合物对亚洲玉米螟可能的作用靶标和结构与活性间的关系。