PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS OF THE EYE

Pseudomonas aeruginosa seldom invades the body except in persons or in organs lacking natural defenses, and usually the infection is chronic rather than acute, evoking little systemic response. When introduced into the cornea, however, as in penetration by a foreign body or in contaminated medicines, it acts with extreme virulence, in many cases causing blindness and even necessitating enucleation.Although many attempts at control of Ps. aeruginosa, even with powerful antibiotics, have been unsuccessful, polymyxin B appeared to have good effect and was tested in experimental infection of the cornea in rabbits.It was demonstrated by preliminary studies in vitro that polymyxin B was effective against nine strains of Ps. aeruginosa which on inoculation caused rapidly progressive ulcers in the corneas of rabbits.A strain of proved virulence was introduced into both eyes of each of 18 rabbits. The left eyes only were treated with subconjunctival injections at 48-hour intervals of a solution of polymyxin B, to which epinephrine was added as a vasoconstrictor to prevent rapid dispersion. The right eyes remained untreated as controls.In five of the six rabbits treated immediately after inoculation, the treated eyes remained clear, while moderate infiltration developed in the sixth. In the six rabbits not treated for 24 hours after inoculation, ulcers developed but remained localized during therapy. In those not treated for 48 hours after inoculation, ulcers developed before treatment began but did not spread as rapidly as in the controls.Hyaluronidase was added to the preparation for half the rabbits in each group but had no perceptible beneficial effect.     

REPORT OF AN OUTBREAK OF RINGWORM OF THE SCALP DUE TO M. AUDOUINI

Experience in Los Angeles County with an outbreak of ringworm of the scalp caused by M. audouini, and a review of the literature have led to the following conclusions:Diagnosis: The Wood''s lamp is an indispensable piece of equipment in case finding. While M. audouini infection is often characteristic in appearance, there are frequent variations. Culturing on Sabouraud''s medium (glucose-agar) is a requirement for positive diagnosis. Most surveys show an infection ratio of six or seven boys to one girl.Treatment: X-ray epilation provides the best prospect for cure in the shortest time. Manual epilation can be employed but is less efficient and more disagreeable. Shaving the scalp every seven to ten days is helpful in preventing the spread of the infection but is not a satisfactory substitute for epilation. The most effective topical application is an ointment containing 5 per cent salicylanilide in carbowax 1500. All treatment should be conducted under trained supervision for constancy and thoroughness. Hormone therapy is in general to be discouraged.Control: With proper supervision of treatment and adequate protective covering of the scalp, there need be no loss of school time after treatment has been instituted. Enlistment of the barbers of the community in refusing to serve clients with obviously infected scalps, and properly sterilizing instruments is important. Cutting instruments can be satisfactorily sterilized in petroleum oil at 100° C. without detriment to the instruments. Complete discipline must be maintained on school grounds with regard to exchange of headgear between children.