IGF1调控区微卫星座位对金华猪生长性能的影响

类胰岛素生长因子IGF1及其相关结合蛋白和跨膜受体IGFR在哺乳动物的生长过程中扮演着重要角色。本文基于最小二乘法分析了IGF1 5′ 调控序列微卫星座位对金华猪初生重, 断奶重, 120日龄重, 180日龄重和出生窝重等生长性状的影响。结果表明: 286/286基因型对金华猪初生重有显著影响(P<0.05); 280/286基因型对金华猪开产后出生窝重影响显著(P<0.05), 进一步通过等位基因平均替代效应分析发现274 bp和286 bp等位基因有利于提高初生重, 280 bp等位基因有利于第二胎出生窝重的提高。同时通过相关性分析发现金华猪开产母猪出生窝重、总产仔数和产活仔数间的相关性极显著(P<0.01), 因此出生窝重的增加有利于提高金华猪的产仔性能。     

MicroRNA-98促进猪圆环病毒2型在3D4/21细胞中的复制

【目的】通过高通量测序的方法获得PCV2感染3D4/21细胞的miRNAs表达谱,并探讨miRNA-98在PCV2复制中的作用。【方法】本研究以猪肺泡巨噬细胞系3D4/21细胞为细胞模型,对PCV2感染过程中的3D4/21细胞进行miRNAs差异表达分析,筛选与病毒复制相关的特异性miRNAs,并探讨其在PCV2复制中的作用。【结果】经高通量测序,获得PCV2感染3D4/21细胞的miRNAs表达谱,结合实验室前期研究筛选获得miRNA-98。实验表明,miRNA-98的表达量随PCV2感染时间的延长而持续升高,其变化趋势与Cap蛋白表达变化基本一致,由此推测miRNA-98与PCV2复制正相关。过表达miRNA-98可显著上调Cap蛋白的表达量和PCV2的复制。进一步的研究表明,miRNA-98参与调节宿主免疫相关细胞因子的表达和PCV2的复制。【结论】miRNA-98可通过调节免疫相关细胞因子的表达调控宿主免疫功能,帮助PCV2逃逸宿主免疫,促进PCV2在3D4/21细胞中的复制。这些发现不仅为深入了解PCV2与宿主之间的关系提供了新视角,还有望为猪圆环病毒相关疾病的防控提供新的抗病毒策略。     

金华猪遗传结构及其与太湖猪遗传分化的研究

本研究利用65个微卫星标记结合荧光标记检测技术, 对金华猪I系、II系、III系共271个个体以及嘉兴黑猪、中梅山猪、小梅山猪和二花脸猪等4个太湖猪品种和嵊县花猪各30头的基因型进行了检测, 统计分析了金华猪各品系的遗传结构及各猪种群间的遗传分化。结果显示: 金华猪品系间具有丰富的遗传变异, 平均有效等位基因数以金华猪I系最高, 为3.5; 其次是II系和III系, 分别是2.8和2.5, 金华猪3个品系的平均多态信息含量均高于0.5; I、II、III系的平均观察杂合度分别是0.381、0.399和0.442。金华猪3个品系偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的程度不一:I系偏离较大, III系次之, II系相对较小。分析认为金华猪各品系存在一定程度的近交, 品系间存在不同的等位基因。遗传分化结果显示: 金华猪II系和III系间遗传分化相对较小(F_ST＝0.1883), 但它们与I系间的遗传分化较大, F_ST值分别是0.3663和0.3619。同时, 金华猪各品系与太湖猪的遗传关系较近, 其中与中梅山猪群体遗传分化相对较小, F_ST值分别为0.3581、0.3560和0.3572。而金华猪各品系与嵊县花猪的遗传分化最大, F_ST值分别为0.4499, 0.4654和0.4801, 由此可见, 金华猪不同于其他浙江省地方品种, 有着独立的起源和驯化进程。     

金华猪3个繁殖性状主基因的分布及其效应的研究

采用PCR RFLP技术分析了金华猪 3个品系的雌激素受体基因 (ESR)、促卵泡素 β亚基基因 (FSHβ)、催乳素受体基因 (PRLR)在金华猪 3个品系中的分布情况 ,并采用SPSS程序分析了ESR、FSHβ和PRLR 3个基因对金华猪Ⅰ系母猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明 :ESR基因的 3个基因型AA、AB、BB在金华猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系和Ⅲ系中的频率分别为 0 0 2 37(AA)、0 36 0 9(AB)、0 6 15 4 (BB) ,0 (AA)、0 5 333(AB)、0 4 6 6 7(BB)和 0 2 90 9(AA)、0 6 (AB)、0 10 91(BB) ;PRLR基因的 3个基因型AA、AB、BB在金华猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系和Ⅲ系的频率分别为 0 2 5 6 0 (AA)、0 392 9(AB)、0 35 12 (BB) ,0 2 (AA)、0 2 6 6 7(AB)、0 5 333(BB)和 0 12 73(AA)、0 4 90 9(AB)、0 3818(BB) ,而FSHβ基因仅在金华猪Ⅰ系中存在多态性 ,且有利基因B的频率很低 ,仅为 0 0 12 0。ESR基因对金华母猪经产胎次产活仔数、所有胎次的产活仔数和总产仔数影响显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对金华母猪经产胎次的总产仔数的影响接近显著 (P =0 0 6 1)。B基因对产活仔数的加性效应为经产胎次 0 70头 胎 ,所有胎次 0 6 6头 胎 ;对总产仔数的加性效应为经产胎次 0 90头 胎 ,所有胎次 0 84头 胎。PRLR基因对金华母猪的各项繁殖性状都没有显著影响 (P     

MicroRNA-21 介导非对称性二甲基精氨酸诱导的内皮细胞衰老

目的:观察非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)对内皮细胞中microRNA-21(miR-21)表达的影响,探讨microRNA-21在ADMA诱导的内皮细胞衰老中的作用。方法:人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)与10 uM的ADMA孵育48小时后收集细胞提取总RNA及蛋白,荧光定量实时RT-PCR检测miR-21表达,Western blot检测超氧化物歧化酶2(SOD2)表达,衰老相关半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-gal)染色鉴定衰老的内皮细胞;然后HUVEC与miR-21抑制剂转染6小时后继续与10 uM的ADMA孵育48小时留取细胞按上述方法检测相关指标。结果:HUVEC与ADMA孵育后miR-21表达量明显增加(P<0.01),同时衰老的内皮细胞数量增多(P<0.05),而SOD2表达减少(P<0.01);MiR-21抑制剂转染HUVEC后ADMA诱导的miR-21表达明显减少,同时衰老的内皮细胞减少,而SOD2表达明显增加(所有P<0.01)。结论:ADMA诱导了HUVEC中miR-21表达及细胞衰老,miR-21介导了ADMA诱导的内皮细胞衰老作用,其机制可能与其抑制SOD2表达有关。     

MicroRNA-21介导非对称性二甲基精氨酸诱导的内皮细胞衰老

目的：观察非对称性二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）对内皮细胞中microRNA-21（miR-21）表达的影响,探讨microRNA-21在ADMA诱导的内皮细胞衰老中的作用。方法：人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）与10uM的ADMA孵育48小时后收集细胞提取总RNA及蛋白,荧光定量实时RT—PCR检测miR-21表达,Westernblot检测超氧化物歧化酶2（SOD2）表达,衰老相关半乳糖苷酶（SA-β-gal）染色鉴定衰老的内皮细胞;然后HUVEC与miR-21抑制剂转染6小时后继续与10uM的ADMA孵育48小时留取细胞按上述方法检测相关指标。结果：HUVEC与ADMA孵育后miR-21表达量明显增加（P〈0．01）,同时衰老的内皮细胞数量增多（P〈0．05）,而SOD2表达减少（P〈0．01）;MiR-21抑制剂转染HUVEC后ADMA诱导的miR-21表达明显减少,同时衰老的内皮细胞减少,而SOD2表达明显增加（所有P〈0．01）。结论：ADMA诱导了HUVEC中miR-21表达及细胞衰老,miR-21介导了ADMA诱导的内皮细胞衰老作用,其机制可能与其抑制SOD2表达有关。     

MyoG基因对金华猪繁殖性状的影响

用PCR-RFLP方法对金华猪I系（109头）、II系（15头）、III系（25头）的MyoG基因的第二内含子内（PCR1- MspⅠ-RFLP）和3'-端（PCR2- MspⅠ-RFLP）位点进行了多态性分析。结果表明：PCR1- MspⅠ-RFLP位点有3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）,其基因型频率分别为0.1544,0.3826,0.4631;PCR2- MspⅠ-RFLP位点只有2种基因型（MM、MN）,其基因型频率分别为0.9953和0.0047。采用SPSS程序分析MyoG基因对金华猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明：MyoG基因对金华母猪初胎的总产仔数、二胎的产活仔数影响显著（P<0.05）,而对其他胎次组合的总产仔数、产活仔数以及初生窝重没有显著影响（P<0.05）。     

莱芜猪肝脏组织全长cDNA文库的构建和鉴定

目的:构建莱芜猪肝脏组织全长cDNA文库,以便研究与莱芜猪优良性状相关的基因。方法:采用改良的异硫氰酸酸胍一步法制备总RNA;利用SMART技术,以PrimeScript反转录酶逆转录合成第一链cDNA,通过LD-PCR扩增获得cDNA双链;经蛋白酶K消化和CHROMA SPIN-400柱分级分离后,收集500 bp以上的cDNA片段,并与pMD18-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,建成原始文库;随机挑取单菌落,用HindⅢ和EcoRⅠ进行双酶切鉴定重组子插入片段大小。结果:经鉴定,原始文库的滴度为2.8×105 cfu/mL,重组率约为98%,插入片段大小为0.5～2 kb,平均插入片段长度大于1 kb。结论:建立的cDNA文库质量良好,可以用于目的基因的筛选。     

MicroRNA-34a通过多向调控促癌基因抑制肾癌细胞生长

目的:探讨microRNA-34a(miR-34a)在肾癌细胞中的生物学作用及调控机制.方法:应用miR-34amimics在体外转染769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞;运用qRT-PCR检测miR-34a在三个细胞株的相对表达情况,以及转染后癌基因mRNA的表达情况;观察miR-34a对细胞生长的影响.结果:769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞中miR-34a在786-O中表达最低,769P次之,Caki-1表达最高;利用miR-34a mimics升高769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞miR-34a,发现三个细胞株多个癌基因mRNA表达不同程度的降低(P＜0.05)及生长和集聚能力的降低.结论:miR-34a可能通过调控多个癌基因表达在肾癌中起抑癌作用.miR-34a mimics可抑制肾癌细胞的生长,因此miR-34a有可能作为肾癌基因治疗的新靶点.     

T-2毒素对于猪肝细胞毒性的分子机制研究

为了探讨T-2毒素对于家畜的毒性机理及诱导凋亡的分子机制,用T-2毒素对猪的肝脏细胞进行暴露,暴露浓度分别为0、0.02mg/L、0.05mg/L、0.1mg/L,暴露时间为48h,然后用微阵列技术检测0.05mg/L处理组基因表达谱的变化。结果表明,氧化应激和细胞凋亡相关基因发生上调,药物和脂质代谢的基因发生下调,同时荧光定量PCR对细胞色素P450家族的CYP2D25和CYP51两个药物代谢基因的表达情况进行了进一步的验证。结果表明,T-2毒素对猪肝细胞的毒性机制可能是引起丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径氧化应激,进而导致细胞凋亡。     

MicroRNA-21 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Metastasis

Introduction

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to rise to the second leading cause of U.S. cancer-related deaths by 2020. Novel therapeutic targets are desperately needed. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that function by suppressing gene expression and are dysregulated in cancer. miR-21 is overexpressed in PDAC tumor cells (TC) and is associated with decreased survival, chemoresistance and invasion. Dysregulation of miR regulatory networks in PDAC tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) have not been previously described. In this study, we show that miR-21 expression in TAFs promotes TC invasion.

Methods

In-situ hybridization for miR-21 was performed on the 153 PDAC patient UCLA tissue microarray and 23 patient-matched lymph node metastases. Stromal and TC histoscores were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. miR-21 positive cells were further characterized by immunofluorescence for mesenchymal/epithelial markers. For in vitro studies, TAFs were isolated from freshly resected human PDAC tumors by the outgrowth method. miR-21 was overexpressed/inhibited in fibroblasts and then co-cultured with GFP-MiaPaCa TCs to assess TC invasion in modified Boyden chambers.

Results

miR-21 was upregulated in TAFs of 78% of tumors, and high miR-21 significantly correlated with decreased overall survival (P = 0.04). Stromal miR-21 expression was also significantly associated with lymph node invasion (P = 0.004), suggesting that it is driving TC spread. Co-immunofluorescence revealed that miR-21 colocalized with peritumoral fibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin. Moreover, expression of miR-21 in primary TAFs correlated with miR-21 in TAFs from patient-matched LN metastases; evidence that PDAC tumor cells induce TAFs to express miR-21. miR-21 expression in TAFs and TCs promotes invasion of TCs and is inhibited with anti-miR-21.

Conclusions

miR-21 expression in PDAC TAFs is associated with decreased overall survival and promotes TC invasion. Anti-miR-21 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for dual targeting of both tumor and stroma in PDAC.     

MicroRNA-21 Promotes Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis by Down-regulating Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 (IGFBP3)

Despite advances in surgery, imaging, chemotherapy, and radiation, patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common histological subtype of glioma, have an especially dismal prognosis; >70% of GBM patients die within 2 years of diagnosis. In many human cancers, the microRNA miR-21 is overexpressed, and accumulating evidence indicates that it functions as an oncogene. Here, we report that miR-21 is overexpressed in human GBM cell lines and tumor tissue. Moreover, miR-21 expression in GBM patient samples is inversely correlated with patient survival. Knockdown of miR-21 in GBM cells inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and markedly inhibited tumor formation in vivo. A number of known miR-21 targets have been identified previously. By microarray analysis, we identified and validated insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) as a novel miR-21 target gene. Overexpression of IGFBP3 in glioma cells inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumor formation of glioma xenografts in vivo. The critical role that IGFBP3 plays in miR-21-mediated actions was demonstrated by a rescue experiment, in which IGFBP3 knockdown in miR-21KD glioblastoma cells restored tumorigenesis. Examination of tumors from GBM patients showed that there was an inverse relationship between IGFBP3 and miR-21 expression and that increased IGFBP3 expression correlated with better patient survival. Our results identify IGFBP3 as a novel miR-21 target gene in glioblastoma and suggest that the oncogenic miRNA miR-21 down-regulates the expression of IGFBP3, which acts as a tumor suppressor in human glioblastoma.     

Embryonic Morphogen Nodal Promotes Breast Cancer Growth and Progression

Breast cancers expressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-associated genes are more likely to progress than well-differentiated cancers and are thus associated with poor patient prognosis. Elevated proliferation and evasion of growth control are similarly associated with disease progression, and are classical hallmarks of cancer. In the current study we demonstrate that the hESC-associated factor Nodal promotes breast cancer growth. Specifically, we show that Nodal is elevated in aggressive MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and Hs578t human breast cancer cell lines, compared to poorly aggressive MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. Nodal knockdown in aggressive breast cancer cells via shRNA reduces tumour incidence and significantly blunts tumour growth at primary sites. In vitro, using Trypan Blue exclusion assays, Western blot analysis of phosphorylated histone H3 and cleaved caspase-9, and real time RT-PCR analysis of BAX and BCL2 gene expression, we demonstrate that Nodal promotes expansion of breast cancer cells, likely via a combinatorial mechanism involving increased proliferation and decreased apopotosis. In an experimental model of metastasis using beta-glucuronidase (GUSB)-deficient NOD/SCID/mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPSVII) mice, we show that although Nodal is not required for the formation of small (<100 cells) micrometastases at secondary sites, it supports an elevated proliferation:apoptosis ratio (Ki67:TUNEL) in micrometastatic lesions. Indeed, at longer time points (8 weeks), we determined that Nodal is necessary for the subsequent development of macrometastatic lesions. Our findings demonstrate that Nodal supports tumour growth at primary and secondary sites by increasing the ratio of proliferation:apoptosis in breast cancer cells. As Nodal expression is relatively limited to embryonic systems and cancer, this study establishes Nodal as a potential tumour-specific target for the treatment of breast cancer.     

线粒体E3泛素连接酶MARCH5表达上调促进肝癌生长

目的:膜相关锌指蛋白MARCH5(membrane-associated RING-CH 5)是定位于线粒体外膜的E3泛素连接酶,在调控线粒体分裂融合相关蛋白的表达中发挥重要作用。以往研究在多种肿瘤中证实了线粒体分裂融合的异常,但目前MARCH5在肝癌中的表达与生物学作用均不清楚。本研究旨在探讨MARCH5在肝癌组织与细胞系中的表达及其在肿瘤生长中的调控作用。方法:1).利用免疫组化实验检测62对肝癌癌与癌旁组织中MARCH5表达,以明确MARCH5在肝癌中的表达是否发生了异常改变。2).利用qRT-PCR与Western blot实验检测4株肝癌细胞(SNU-354、SNU-368、HLE与HLF)与1株正常肝细胞HL7702中MARCH5表达,进一步分析MARCH5在肝癌细胞系中的表达改变。3).下调肝癌细胞中MARCH5表达后,利用EDU实验与克隆形成实验分析对肝癌细胞增殖与克隆形成能力的影响。结果:1).MARCH5在肝癌组织中表达显著高于癌旁组织。2). MARCH5在4株肝癌细胞中的表达均显著高于正常肝细胞。3).下调MARCH5表达可显著抑制肝癌细胞的增殖与克隆形成。结论:MARCH5在肝癌中表达显著上调并通过诱导增殖与克隆形成而促进肝癌的生长。     

Chronic Opisthorchis viverrini Infection Changes the Liver Microbiome and Promotes Helicobacter Growth

Adults of Opisthorchis viverrini reside in the biliary system, inducing inflammation of bile ducts and cholangitis, leading to hepatobiliary disease (HBD) including cholangiocarcinoma. O. viverrini infection also has major implications for the bacterial community in bile ducts and liver. To investigate this in chronic O. viverrini infection (≥ 8 months p.i.), bacterial genomic DNA from livers of hamsters and from worms was investigated using culture techniques, PCR for Helicobacter spp. and high-throughput next-generation sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. Of a total of 855,046 DNA sequence reads, 417,953 were useable after filtering. Metagenomic analyses assigned these to 93 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) consisting of 80 OTUs of bacteria, including 6 phyla and 42 genera. In the chronic O. viverrini-infected group, bacterial community composition and diversity were significantly increased compared to controls. Sequences of Fusobacterium spp. were the most common (13.81%), followed by Streptococcus luteciae (10.76%), Escherichia coli (10.18%), and Bifidobacterium spp. (0.58%). In addition, Helicobacter pylori (0.17% of sequences) was also identified in the liver of chronic O. viverrini infections, but not in normal liver. The presence of H. pylori was confirmed by PCR and by use of an antibody against bacterial antigen, supporting the metagenomics data. The identities of bacteria cultured for enrichment suggested that chronic O. viverrini infection changes the liver microbiome and promotes Helicobacter spp. growth. There may be synergy between O. viverrini and the liver microbiome in enhancing immune response-mediated hepatobiliary diseases.     

Bacterial Inhibitors Formed During the Adventitious Growth of Micro-organisms in Chicken Liver and Pig Kidney

Inhibitory activity (detected by Bacillus cereus var. mycoides) , identical with that encountered in survey samples, was induced in homogenized fresh chicken liver or pig kidney samples by incubating at 30°C. relative potency of each of three active components as detected by t.l.c./bio-autography of extracts of freeze-dried material was ascertained. Three strains of Streptococcus faecalis and a Lactobacillus sp. were responsible for production of the inhibitory activity, which was not produced by any of these organisms in synthetic liquid media.