水杨酸诱导小白菜抗霜霉病的作用研究

以小白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinesis L.)为材料,采用叶面喷洒的方法施用不同浓度水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA),研究了SA小白菜对霜霉病的抗性诱导,并对经SA诱导后小白菜植株体内相关酶活性进行了研究.结果发现,在0.2～2.0 mmol·L-1的浓度范围内,随着SA浓度的增加,SA的诱导防治效果先增后减,1.0 mmol·L-1浓度为诱导抗性最适浓度.经SA诱导后,小白菜植株体内SOD、POD和PPO等酶活性也明显增强.     

水杨酸对小白菜幼苗抗盐性的诱导效应

采用外源水杨酸(SA)叶面喷施的方法,研究不同浓度SA(0、0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5 mmol/L)对盐胁迫下小白菜(Brassica chinensis)‘上海青’幼苗生长及其生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,0.5 mmol/L SA诱导能显著提高幼苗的株高、单株干重、叶面积和含水量等;降低叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和电解质渗出率;增强叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。说明适宜浓度的外源SA可以通过提高植株渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力,保护膜结构和功能,减轻盐胁迫对小白菜的伤害。本试验表明,SA最佳诱导浓度为0.5 mmol/L。     

钙、水杨酸和壳聚糖复配处理对小白菜抗盐性的诱导

以小白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis L.)为对象,采用根际施用结合叶面喷洒的方法,研究CaCl2、壳聚糖(chitosan,CTS)和水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)两两复配及三元复配对小白菜盐胁迫逆境的诱抗作用。结果表明:SA,CTS,CaCl2复配施用均能显著降低盐胁迫下小白菜的盐害指数,降低小白菜叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量,增强过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高叶绿素含量。各处理以CTS+CaCl2复配施用对小白菜的诱导抗盐效果最好,对小白菜生长的促进作用最显著。SA,CTS,CaCl2三元复配的效果不如二元复配效果好,复配后存在一定的拮抗作用。     

铅胁迫对不同品种小白菜种子萌发的影响

采用4个有代表性的小白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis L.)品种(‘抗热605’,‘矮抗青’,‘绿优星’,‘七宝青)’为材料,用0.3mmol醋酸铅进行重金属胁迫处理,比较了这4个小白菜品种的抗重金属能力差异。结果表明,Pb胁迫下,‘抗热605’的发芽率、发芽指数、发芽势、胚长以及胚鲜重等均高于其他品种,且抑制指数低于其他品种。说明,‘抗热605’的耐Pb胁迫能力最强,其他3个品种依次为:‘绿优星’、‘矮抗青’、‘七宝青’。     

水杨酸对NaCl胁迫下绿豆和赤豆萌发生长的影响

基于水杨酸能诱导植物产生抗盐性状的认识和报道 ,本文测定了ＮａＣｌ胁迫下 ,水杨酸对绿豆和赤豆萌发和幼苗生长的影响。挑选籽粒大小均匀的绿豆 (Ｐｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｒａｄｉａｔｕｓ)品种临明 3号、赤豆(Ｐｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓ)品种高赤 2 6的种子 ,分别用1 0 %的次氯酸钠消毒 1 0ｍｉｎ后 ,作 2种处理 :(1 )用 0 .3 %ＮａＣｌ(或 0 .5 % )及在 0 .3 %ＮａＣｌ(或0 .5 % )中加有不同浓度水杨酸的溶液浸泡 8ｈ ,以自来水浸种的为对照 ,播于铺有一层滤纸的培养皿中 ,分别加入与浸种时相同的处理溶液 ,每皿 3 0粒 ,重复 3份 …     

水杨酸对冷胁迫下香蕉幼苗抗冷性的效应

用0.6 mmol/L水杨酸(SA)喷洒香蕉幼苗叶片1 d后,于8℃低温胁迫5 d,研究水杨酸对香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响。结果表明:SA降低了受低温胁迫的香蕉幼苗叶片相对电导率及丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢含量,减缓了可溶性蛋白质含量的下降,提高了脯氨酸含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。表明SA可通过提高香蕉幼苗抗氧化酶活性、清除活性氧的积累、减少膜损伤来缓解低温对香蕉幼苗的损伤。     

水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗抗高温胁迫能力的影响

对津绿2号黄瓜四叶期的幼苗分别喷施0、50、100和200μmol·L-1的水杨酸(SA)溶液,24h后以42℃的高温胁迫24h。结果表明:不同浓度的SA溶液均可降低黄瓜叶片中的相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,增加SOD活性,以50μmol·L-1的效果最优。但相对电导率和MDA含量的降幅及SOD活性的增幅则随SA浓度的增加而减小。     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应

研究了水杨酸对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应及其机制。结果证明,盐胁迫条件下水杨酸能提高幼苗相对含水量,降低Na^ 、K^ 向上运输的选择性,通过促进子叶内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性降低膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量和质膜透性,缓解了盐胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制。     

水杨酸在植物抗环境胁迫中的作用

水杨酸在植物的抗病方面发挥着重要作用。近年来的研究还表明 ,水杨酸在植物的抗冷、热、盐、干旱、臭氧、重金属等环境胁迫方面也有明显的作用。该文介绍近年来有关水杨酸在植物抗环境胁迫方面的研究进展 ,并探讨了其作用机理。     

镉、铅及其相互作用对小白菜生理生化特性的影响

本文研究了溶液培养条件下小白菜对镉,铅的吸收积累规律的镉,铅及其相互作用小白菜生理生化特性的影响,结果表明：植物体内镉,铅含量与培养中镉,铅浓度呈正相关性,镉可降低植物对铅的吸收;镉超过一定浓度后,对叶绿素起破坏作用,并促进抗坏血酸分解,使游离脯氨酸累,抑制硝酸还原酶活性。含镉的培养液中,由于铅的加入,加强了镉对植物的毒害作用。     

Promotion by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid of Germination of Pakchoi （Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis Tsen et Lee） Seeds Under Salt Stress

The seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi （Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis Tsen et Lee cv. Hanxiao） were not significantly inhibited until the concentration of NaCl was increased to 150 mmol/L. Treatment of pakchoi seeds with exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA）, at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10.00 mg/L, promoted seed germination when seeds were stressed by salinity, whereas levulinic acid （LA）, an inhibitor of ALA dehydrase, significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, suggesting that metabolism of ALA into porphyrin compounds was necessary for seed germination and seedling growth. Determination of respiratory rate during seed germination showed that ALA increased seed respiration under both normal conditions and salt stress. Furthermore, salt stress decreased levels of endogenous ALA, as well as heme, in etiolated seedlings. More salt-tolerant cultivars of pakchoi contained higher relative levels of endogenous ALA and heme under conditions of salt stress. These results indicate that salt stress may inhibit the biosynthesis of endogenous ALA and then heme, which is necessary for seed germination, and treatment of seeds with exogenous ALA prior to germination may be associated with the biosynthesis of heme.     

Promotion by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid of Germination of Pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis Tsen et Lee) Seeds Under Salt Stress

The seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.communis Tsen et Lee cv. Hanxiao) were not significantly inhibited until the concentration of NaCl was increased to150 mmol/L. Treatment of pakchoi seeds with exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10.00 mg/L, promoted seed germination when seeds were stressed by salinity, whereas levulinic acid (LA), an inhibitor of ALA dehydrase, significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, suggesting that metabolism of ALA into porphyrin compounds was necessary for seed germination and seedling growth. Determination of respiratory rate during seed germination showed that ALA increased seed respiration under both normal conditions and salt stress. Furthermore, salt stress decreased levels of endogenous ALA, as well as heme, in etiolated seedlings. More salt-tolerant cultivars of pakchoi contained higher relative levels of endogenous ALA and heme under conditions of salt stress.These results indicate that salt stress may inhibit the biosynthesis of endogenous ALA and then heme,which is necessary for seed germination, and treatment of seeds with exogenous ALA prior to germination may be associated with the biosynthesis of heme.     

5种速生柳无性系对Pb~(2+)胁迫的生理抗性比较

以5种一年生速生柳(竹柳、苏柳172、苏柳795、旱快柳、旱柳)幼苗为材料,通过盆栽铅胁迫实验,测定其生长过程中的生理生化指标,分析其对铅胁迫的生理响应及耐受性。结果表明:(1)随着Pb2+浓度的增加,5种速生柳叶片保护酶SOD、POD和CAT活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中竹柳的3种保护酶活性均为最高。(2)随着Pb2+浓度的增加,各无性系叶片中渗透性调节物质可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,竹柳和苏柳172在高Pb2+浓度(1500mg·kg-1)胁迫下表现出对Pb2+的强耐受性。(3)随着Pb2+浓度的增加,各速生柳无性系叶片丙二醛含量均呈逐渐增高的趋势,但增幅有所不同,竹柳增幅最小,旱柳增幅最大。(4)随着Pb2+浓度的增加,5种速生柳叶片中叶绿素含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,但各无性系的下降幅度存在差异,其中竹柳的下降幅度最小,旱柳下降幅度最大。(5)随着Pb2+浓度的增加,5种速生柳根系活力都呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中竹柳的根系活力最强,苏柳795的最弱。(6)各速生柳根系对铅均有一定的吸附能力,竹柳对铅积累量最大。(7)对各生理指标的Fuzzy数学隶属函数综合评价结果表明,5种速生柳对Pb2+耐受性强弱表现为:竹柳旱快柳旱柳苏柳795苏柳172。     

外源水杨酸对高温胁迫下金莲花幼苗生理及电阻抗参数的影响

为解决金莲花幼苗在北方低海拔地区越夏过程中生长不良的问题，研究喷施水杨酸对高温胁迫下金莲花幼苗生理及电阻抗参数的影响，为提高金莲花的耐热性提供理论依据。以金莲花幼苗为试验材料，外源水杨酸（SA）设置4个浓度梯度（0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mmol·L^-1），喷施处理后置于人工气候箱内进行昼38℃/夜30℃的高温胁迫试验。结果表明：喷施0.5~1.0 mmol·L^-1水杨酸能有效降低金莲花幼苗的热害指数、相对电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量，缓解叶绿素降解、显著提高可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，其中以1.0 mmol·L^-1的水杨酸（SA）处理效果最好，说明喷施适宜浓度的SA可以提高金莲花的耐热性，从而缓解高温伤害。相关性分析表明，热害指数与相对电导率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与叶绿素总量、可溶性糖含量胞外电阻率（r_e）呈显著负相关（P<0.05），胞内电阻率（r_i）与Pro含量呈显著正相关，弛豫时间（τ）与Pro含量和SOD活性呈极显著正相关，因此胞外电阻率、胞内电阻率和弛豫时间等电阻抗参数可作为金莲花对高温逆境反应的评价指标。     

水杨酸对锌胁迫下小麦幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应

以小麦品种‘新麦18’为材料,采用室内水培实验研究了不同浓度水杨酸(SA)处理对300 mg.L-1锌胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在Zn2+胁迫下,小麦种子的发芽势和发芽率、幼苗根长、芽长以及幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量、根系活力显著降低,而脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加(P<0.05);外施SA显著提高了Zn2+胁迫下小麦种子的发芽势和发芽率,同时也使Zn2+胁迫7 d后的小麦幼苗的根长、芽长,幼苗叶片的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量以及根系活力显著升高,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量却显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,外施SA可通过提高小麦幼苗根长和芽长来增加幼苗根系活力,通过提高小麦幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量来维持细胞膜的稳定性,降低膜脂过氧化伤害程度,从而缓解了Zn2+胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制,并以14 mg.L-1外源水杨酸缓解效果最好。     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下大黄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

该研究以掌叶大黄、唐古特大黄和药用大黄种子为材料,采用双层滤纸培养法,设置系列浓度NaCl (0、100、150、200、250 mmol/L) 胁迫试验,以及系列浓度水杨酸(SA)溶液(0、50、100、150、200、250 mg/L)拌种和浸种后盐胁迫实验,测定3种大黄种子萌发及幼苗生长指标,揭示外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下大黄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示：(1)随NaCl浓度增大3种大黄种子的发芽率均呈直线下降趋势,且子叶、胚轴、根和苗等生长均受到强烈抑制。(2)在拌种条件下, 200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下掌叶大黄苗长在200 mg/L SA处理下受到显著促进; 200 mmol/L NaCl浓度盐胁迫下唐古特大黄种子发芽率在250 mg/L SA处理下受到显著抑制;100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下药用大黄种子发芽势在200 mg/L SA处理下受到显著抑制,其发芽率在150 mg/L SA处理下得到显著抑制,其苗长在250 mg/L SA处理下受到显著抑制。(3)在浸种条件下, 200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下掌叶大黄种子发芽率在50 mg/L SA处理下显著提高,其幼苗根长和苗长的生长在250 mg/L SA处理受到显著促进;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下唐古特大黄种子的发芽势在200 mg/L SA处理下得到显著促进,其幼苗根和苗的生长在50 mg/L SA处理下得到显著促进;100 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下药用大黄根和苗的生长在100 mg/L SA处理下均得到显著促进。研究表明,3种大黄种子和幼苗对盐胁迫的响应趋势一致,但对不同浓度SA拌种和浸种的响应有较大差异。     

水杨酸预处理对鸡冠花幼苗热胁迫的生理效应

选用10叶期鸡冠花耐热品种‘世纪绿叶’和热敏品种‘世纪铜叶’为试材,喷施0.1 mmol.L-1水杨酸后进行30~50℃的热胁迫,观测其叶片水分含量、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和净光合速率(Pn)变化。结果表明,外源水杨酸预处理能减缓热胁迫下鸡冠花幼苗叶片中水分散失,抑制相对电导率和MDA的增加,提高叶片中的SOD活性,增加Pro的积累,并保持较高的Pn;且水杨酸对热敏品种的诱导效果比耐热品种明显。可见,外源水杨酸可以通过维持植株水分平衡、提高抗氧化能力和保护膜结构和功能来降低高温胁迫对鸡冠花幼苗的伤害,降低效果依品种而异。     

Resistance Induction by Salicylic Acid Formulation in Cassava Plant against Fusarium solani

Fusarium root rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani is one of the most important fungal diseases of cassava in Thailand, resulting in high yield losses of more than 80%. This study aimed to investigate if the exogenous application of salicylic acid formulations (Zacha) can induce resistance in cassava against Fusarium root rot and observe the biochemical changes in induced cassava leaf tissues through synchrotron radiation based on Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. We demonstrated that the application of Zacha11 prototype formulations could induce resistance against Fusarium root rot in cassava. The in vitro experimental results showed that Zacha11 prototype formulations inhibited the growth of F. solani at approximately 34.83%. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the disease severity of Fusarium root rot disease at 60 days after challenge inoculation was observed in cassava plants treated with Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm (9.0%). Population densities of F. solani were determined at 7 days after inoculation. Treatment of the Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm resulted in reduced populations compared with the distilled water control and differences among treatment means at each assay date. Moreover, the SR-FTIR spectral changes of Zacha11-treated epidermal tissues of leaves had higher integral areas of lipids, lignins, and pectins (1,770–1,700/cm), amide I (1,700–1,600/cm), amide II (1,600–1,500/cm), hemicellulose, lignin (1,300–1,200/cm), and cellulose (1,155/cm). Therefore, alteration in defensive carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins contributed to generate barriers against Fusarium invasion in cassava roots, leading to lower the root rot disease severity.