高效诱导冬瓜再生植株的研究

将台湾冬瓜的种子接种于pH值为7.2的1/2MS培养基上预培养,5d左右种子即可萌发,萌发率为100%,幼苗生长正常。切取预培养15-20d的无菌幼苗的茎尖和带腋芽的茎段接种于MS 1mg/LNAA 4mg/L6-BA培养基上,10d左右在茎尖和茎段（带腋芽）切口处长出愈伤组织,30d左右在愈伤组织处分化出丛生芽,丛生芽的诱导频率接近95%,繁殖系数25.6。将小芽切下转入不加任何生长调节剂MS培养基上,培养几天后芽逐渐长大,并在芽的基部长出白色根系。选取生长健壮的试管苗经过炼苗后移栽到大田中,生长良好。     

6-BA拮抗脱落酸缓解渗透胁迫对种子萌发的抑制

细胞分裂素促进细胞分裂、芽的分化,拮抗脱落酸抑制的种子萌发,而细胞分裂素合成基因Ipt84在种子萌发过程中发挥重要的作用。本文分别用120mmol·L-1 NaCl和240mmol·L-1 甘露醇模拟盐和干旱胁迫处理拟南芥种子,探讨6一BA拮抗ABA对其抑制种子萌发和萌发后生长的影响。结果表明,细胞分裂素合成相关突变体ipt6-1、ipt6-2、ipt8．1和ipt8-2的种子萌发和生长可被NaCl和甘露醇显著抑制;而ABA合成相关突变体aba2-1对相同浓度NaCl和甘露醇的处理表现相对不敏感。进一步研究发现添加外源6一BA可恢复ipt6-1、ipt6-2、ipt8-1和ipt8—2的相关敏感表型,并且随6-BA浓度的增加,恢复效果也愈趋明显。     

胚乳和蔗糖对大麦成熟胚无菌苗生长和叶片切段愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响

大麦无菌苗的苗高。苗干重和单位长度、叶片切段的干重均依胚培养时所带胚乳的增多而递增。但叶片切段培养时的愈伤组织诱导率和再分化率并不与胚乳多少正相关。成熟胚培养时蔗糖的供应明显影响叶片切段培养时的愈伤组织诱导率。培养带1/2胚乳的胚,用萌发率高的新鲜种子培养无菌苗时,以不供给蔗糖的有较高的叶段愈伤组织诱导率,用萌发率显著降低的陈种子时,则以育苗时供给6％蔗糖为好。     

三倍体枇杷的茎尖培养及诱导生根

以三倍体枇杷为材料, 研究了不同消毒方式、MS培养基浓度、植物生长调节剂及浓度配比对茎尖培养及诱导生根的影响。结果表明, 初代培养时, 选择生长饱满、健壮的顶芽及适宜的消毒方式, 外植体剥离长度0.5-0.8 cm, 能显著提高茎尖培养的成活率; MS培养基浓度的变化对外植体的褐化没有明显的影响; 最适茎尖的启动培养基为MS＋1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA＋0.5 mg·L-1 NAA, 成活率高达84.8%; 最适组培苗生根培养基为1/2MS＋0.1 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.01 mg·L-1 IAA＋0.3%活性炭, 生根率达66.7%, 每株平均生根2.83条。该研究结果将为三倍体枇杷再生体系的建立及利用转基因技术对三倍体无籽枇杷进行遗传改良奠定基础。     

不同培养方法对甘薯无菌苗生长的影响

试验结果表明,在甘薯组织培养中液体培养不降低无菌苗生长势,对无菌苗生长有一定促进作用,适合于甘薯无菌苗的快速繁殖。液体培养20d比相同条件下固体培养的无菌苗植株高度高出63．16％,经方差分析,差异显著,具有统计学意义;液体培养60d比相同条件下固体培养的无菌苗植株高度,单株叶片数,单叶面积分别高出59．43％,106．70％,49．82％,经方差分析,前两者差异显著,具有统计学意义。     

香豆素浓度及光照条件对马铃薯试管薯诱导影响初步研究

利用马铃薯脱毒苗直接在三角瓶中诱导马铃薯结薯,试图在更少的空间和更短的时间内诱导出大量试管薯,以便于大规模工厂化生产,获得高质量的原种。在不同香豆素浓度、不同光照条件下对马铃薯试管薯诱导进行研究,结果表明,全黑暗条件对试管薯形成、结薯数和平均单薯重有促进作用;培养基中加入60mg／L香豆素明显提前试管薯形成期,显著增加结薯数;加入30mg／L香豆素显著提高单薯重。     

蛇瓜芽的诱导

蛇瓜的茎尖和腋芽以MS分别加入0.5～2.0 mg*L-1的6-BA和0.5～1.0 mg*L-1的6-BA与不同浓度的2,4-D、NAA、IAA组合培养时,以1.0 mg*L-1的6-BA以及6-BA与0.1～1.0 mg*L-1的IAA组合对芽的诱导效果最好.     

不同色光和激素配比对石刁柏茎试管苗物质积累的影响

在相同辐照度的不同色光及相同浓度比的不同组合激素的培养条件下,我们比较了石刁柏茎段培养过程中愈伤组织生长发育的情况。实验结果表明,茎段培养后的出芽数、芽长、发根等形态学指标以及生物重量、叶绿素、总糖、还原糖、蛋白质、核酸的含量等生理生化指标都不同程度地受到色光组合激素的交互作用。     

In vitro propagation of mature Liquidambar styraciflua

Mature specimens of liquidambar styraciflua were propagated in vitro. Components of the nutrient medium and culture conditions were first determined for one-year-old seedling material. Mature material responded similarly to seedling material in culture, but alterations in frequency of early transfers and components of the medium were required. Explants responded best to Woody Plant Medium of Lloyd and McCown supplemented with 0.2 mg l^-1 BA and 0.05 mg l^-1 NAA. Root formation occurred on shoots placed on media containing 0.5–1.0 mg l^-1 IBA. Growth in culture and percentage of rooting of mature explants were markedly affected by the individual selection, with rooting percentages varying from 33–100% among selections.     

火龙果愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

为了建立火龙果愈伤组织诱导与植株再生体系,以火龙果茎段、幼苗和子叶为外植体进行离体培养试验。结果表明：茎段诱导愈伤组织的最优培养基为1／2MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1＋6-BAO．5mg·L^-1,诱导子叶愈伤组织的最适培养基是1／2MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1＋6-BA1．0mg·L^-1,诱导愈伤组织分化的最优培养基为1／2MS＋6-BA4．0mg·L^-1＋NAA0．5mg·L^-1,最佳生根培养基为1／2MS＋6．BA1mg·L^-1＋NAA0-3mg·L^-1。     

Agar and ammonium nitrate influence hyperhydricity,tissue nitrate and total nitrogen content of serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) shoots in vitro

Shoot tip cultures of Amelanchier arborea Michx.f. were grown on Murashige & Skoog or Woody Plant (WP) medium containing 4.4 M benzyladenine and various concentrations of agar. Increases in agar concentration affected various culture growth variables, decreased culture hyperhydricity and increased tissue nitrate concentration. Additions of ammonium nitrate to cultures grown on WP medium containing 0.4% agar increased all growth variables measured except percent dry weight. Hyperhydricity and tissue nitrate concentration also increase in response to increasing ammonium nitrate in the medium. Since hyperhydricity was shown to be both positively and negatively correlated with increases in tissue nitrate content, it is unlikely that tissue nitrate level alone directly affects hyperhydricity.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - MS Murashige & Skoog - WP Woody Plant     

Micropropagation of Cymbidium ensifolium var. Misericors through callus-derived rhizomes

Summary The effects were studied of light intensity, culture method and cytokinins on plant formation from callus-derived rhizomes of Cymbidium ensifolium var. misericors. The results demonstrated that one piece of rhizome produced seven shoot buds in 45 d when cultured in 1/2 MS basal liquid medium supplemented with 0.17 μM N⁶-(2-isopentenyl) adenine, 0.17 μM thidiazuron, 33 μM 6-aminopurine adenine and 1.5 μM naphthaleneacetic acid under 10 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ artificial light and agitated at 60 rpm on a rotary shaker. These shoot-cm plantlets in 5 mo. when transferred to the same Gelrite-gel basal medium supplemented with 50 g l⁻¹ banana pulp. Plantlets were acclimated and grew well when potted in the greenhouse.     

杜衡离体繁殖的研究

以马兜铃科植物杜衡为研究材料,试图通过茎尖培养来获得愈伤组织,继而诱导愈伤组织分化形成杜衡小植株。试验证明：杜衡茎尖在MS基本培养基附加6-BA 0.6mg/l和NAA0.1mg/;这一激素组合上可诱导茎尖基部形成愈伤组织;将愈伤组织分割转接到附加6-BA0.2mg/l和NAA0.01mg/l 的MS基本幅度基上可使愈伤组织分化形成小芽;分化形成的芽置于1/8-1/4MS(大量元素减少,其余成分不变)附加6-BA0.1mg/l和GA1mg/l的培养基上,可促使芽的正常生长;新生芽转接在1/4MS附加IBA0.5mg/l培养基上促使其生根。     

不同基因型玉米愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究

以5个玉米品系幼胚为外植体,研究了基因型、2,4-D浓度以及胚龄对愈伤组织诱导的影响;6-BA对愈伤组织分化的影响;以及IBA对再生芽生根的影响。结果表明：除。31外,其他基因型的外植体在相同条件下均可诱导出愈伤组织,但是不同基因型间存在显著差异;2,4-D浓度和胚龄显著影响愈伤组织的诱导,且2,4-D浓度为2．0mg／L,胚龄在11—13d之间时,玉米愈伤组织诱导率较高且质量较好。将愈伤组织转入分化培养基后,6-BA促进了愈伤组织的再分化;在生根培养基中,IBA促进了再生芽生根,经过炼苗后移栽获得再生植株。     

Plantlet regeneration from subculturable nodular callus of Pinus radiata

An efficient planlet regeneration system via nodular callus formation is described for Pinus radiata. Subculturable nodular callus was induced at its highest frequency (93%) on embryonic explants excised from seeds at an early stage of germination (radicle length 2–5 mm). The optimal medium for nodular callus tissue proliferation was LP basal medium that was modified by reducing the concentration of potassium nitrate to 500 mg l^–1 and supplemented with 22.2 M 6-benzyladenine (BAP) and 2.85 M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Bud differentiation from the nodules was achieved by reducing BAP and sucrose concentrations in the culture medium. The maximum frequency of adventitious bud formation occurred on LP basal medium containing 2% sucrose and 0.44 M BAP on which about 61% of the transferred nodules formed buds. During the next 6 weeks of culture on the same cytokinin-free medium multiple shoots elongated from the buds. These shoots were excised and transferred to root initiation medium (RIM2.1), consisting of full-stregth SH macro- and micro-salts, 1000 mg l^–1 myo-inositol, 0.4 mg l^–1 thiamine-HCl, 2% sucrose and a combination of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), IBA and BAP at concentrations of 2.69, 4.93 and 0.11 M, respectively. After 5–15 days, root meristems were initiated on the stem bases. The highest rooting frequency was achieved when shoots were treated for 10 days on RIM2.1 medium, before being transferred to half-strength Schenk and Hildebrandt medium with 1% sucrose and without growth regulators for root growth.