中国两种掌突蟾(锄足蟾科Pelobatidae,无尾目Anura)的细胞遗传学研究

本文对分布于云南境内的两种Leptolalax——L.ventripunctatus和L.alpinus的常规Giemsa核型、C-带和Ag-NORs作了研究,结果表明L.ventripunctatus的2n=22,20M 2T,NF=42,1对Ag-NORs位于5(?),并呈现异形现象,该区域亦显C-带正染;L.alpinus 2n=24,14M 4SM 6T,NF=42,1对Ag-NORs位于No.8短臂端部,并有随体联合现象。两种的着丝点区域均呈现C-带正染。     

中国锄足蟾科掌突蟾属的分类探讨暨一新种描述(Amphibia:Pelobatidae)

本文讨论了掌突蟾属名Leptolalax和Carpophrys的有效性,认为Leptolalax应为有效属名。同时对中国福建、浙江、广西、湖南、贵州、云南等地的L.pelodytoides标本进行了分类研究,结果表明:前五个地区的标本应改订为新种福建掌突蟾L.liui;云南勐养标本仍保留为L.pelodyto-ides此外,峨山掌突蟾L.oshanensis特征明显,不应作为L.pelodytoides的亚种,应保留为种级;文后简述了新种L.liui的主要特征和生态习性资料。     

籼－粳杂种稻米品质性状的遗传控制

研究了４０个籼－粳正、反交杂种稻米有关外观和蒸煮食用品质性状的遗传控制。结果表明：杂种稻米粒长和粒宽的遗传表达决定于二倍体的母体基因型,而糊化温度和直链淀粉含量的遗传表达则主要受三倍体的胚乳基因型控制。细胞质效应一般不存在,但ＰＣ３１１（粳）的细胞质对粒长和粒宽,明恢６３（籼）的细胞质对直链淀粉含量有着一定作用。     

云南三种齿蟾的细胞遗传学研究(锄足蟾科Pelobatidae,无尾目Anura)

本文报道了分布在云南的3种齿蟾(乡城齿蟾、景东齿蟾和棘疣齿蟾)的核型、Ag-NORs和C-带,结果表明2n=26(6+7).NF=52,一对次缢痕和Ag-NORs位于6 q,该区域同时被C-带正染,其余C-带位于各对染色体的着丝点区域。这些特征表现出3种齿蟾的核型同源性和原始性。齿蟾属内种间各对应染色体对在相对长度和臂比值的差异显著性测定表明其核型演化途径可能是臂间倒位和相互易位。3种齿蟾具有染色体数目和Ag-NORs的变异和异形现象,其中乡城齿蟾的一个多余染色体呈现C-带正染,因此可能是B染色体,是锄足蟾科中首次报道。三种齿蟾均未发现与性别相关的异形染色体。     

中国锄足蟾科角蟾属二新种的描述：（两栖纲：无尾目）

1975年和1987年分别在湖南宜章和云南景东采到角蟾属Megophrys标本2种。经与角蟾属已知种对比,特别是与相近种白颌大角蟾M.lateralis(Anderson)在外部形态和头骨特征方面的深入研究,其差异明显,被确定为2新种,即莽山角螗M.mangshanensis和腺角蟾M.glandulosa。本文对2新种的形态和生态资料作了记述。     

福建木兰科植物资源及其观赏特性研究

系统调查表明,福建木兰科植物共有9属,35种,其中含笑属所占的种类最多,而福建整个木兰科植物以热带分布类型为主。福建省木兰科植物以中型革质叶为主,其花相多为单生,花期多在夏季,花色以白色系列为主,多数花具有香味,果期较多在秋季,果色相对较艳,以红色系为主。福建省木兰科植物多乔木,少灌木,具备多种园林绿化用途。     

武夷山小流域生态系统服务(簇)权衡/协同及对地形起伏度的响应

地形起伏度(RDLS)通过影响生态系统的格局、过程和功能而作用于生态系统服务,揭示二者间的作用关系对提升生态系统服务认知具有重要意义。综合运用地形起伏度模型、InVEST模型、K-mean聚类分析、生态系统服务变化指数(ESCI)及权衡协同度指数(ESTD)等方法,探究2009—2016年武夷山国家公园武夷山九曲溪流域主要生态系统服务、生态系统服务簇及其权衡/协同关系对地形起伏度的响应规律。结果表明：(1)2009—2016年生物多样性维持、固碳、水源涵养和水质净化服务及其增益面积均随着RDLS等级的升高而增加。(2)生态脆弱型服务簇聚集在RDLS较低地方,生态调节型服务簇则聚集在RDLS较高区域,而生态保育型服务簇无明显分布规律。2009—2016年,RDLS较低和较高区域分别有19%、18%的生态保育型服务簇转变为生态脆弱型服务簇和生态调节型服务簇。(3)生态系统服务权衡/协同关系对RDLS的响应模式有两种模式,即以二级或四级RDLS为峰值的倒U型曲线(固碳与生物多样性维持的权衡关系,固碳与水源涵养的协同关系)和以二级、四级RDLS为拐点的N型曲线(水质净化与固碳、水源涵养的协同关...     

Two sequence alterations,a 136 bp InDel and an A/C polymorphic site,in the S5 locus are associated with spikelet fertility of indica-japonica hybrid in rice

The rice indica/japonica hybrid shows strong heterosis.However,such inter-subspecific hybrid can't be directly used in rice production due to its low spikelet fertility.The S5 locus was proved to be associated with fertility of indica/japonica hybrid and its S5n allele from wide-compatibility variety(WCV)is capable to overcome fertility barrier.In the present study,we reported the causal sites in the S5 locus responsible for compatibility of indica/japonica hybrid.Fine-mapping of the S5 locus using the 11 test-cross families pinpoints a candidate S5 locus encoding aspartic protease(Asp).Intragenic recombination within the Asp gene happened in a number of recombinants,resulting in chimeric S5j-S5n alleles.Just like S5n,the chimeric s5j-S5n allele displayed higher spikelet fertility when combined with the S5i allele.In the complementary test,however,the S5n allele from WCVs failed to enhance fertilities of the indica/japonica hybrids.Compared to both indica and japonica varieties.all nine WCVs from different resources are characterized with a 136 bp deletion in the Asp N-terminus.which probably renders the S5n allele non-functional.Furthermore,an A/C polymorphic site is detected 1,233 bp downstream of the Asp start codon.The heterozygous A/C site of the Asp gene in indica/japonica hybrid is believed to be the casual factorto causc partial sterility.The functional makers based on the two polymorphic sites will be broadly used in developing wide-compatibility rice varieties.     

Field Performance of Transgenic indica Hybrid Rice with Improved Cooking and Eating Quality by Down-regulation of Wx Gene Expression

High amylose content (AC) in rice endosperm is correlated with poor grain quality, particularly in indica hybrid rice. We have generated several homozygous transgenic parent lines of indica hybrid rice carrying an antisense Waxy (Wx) gene and demonstrated that the AC in seeds of these lines decreased dramatically. Two transgenic maintainer lines (L25B and L18B), derived from one of the key maintainer parents of an indica hybrid rice in China, Long-te-fu B (LTF-B), were selected and the antisense Wx gene was subsequently introgressed into the male-sterile counterpart, LTF-A, with the aim to generate improved indica hybrids. The indica hybrids derived from the selected transgenic male-sterile lines and restorer lines were tested for quality and agronomic performance under normal field conditions. Our results demonstrated that the reduction of AC in the homozygous transgenic maintainer lines stably passed down in five successive generations and the improved quality was also found in their relevant transgenic hybrids produced. The other two key characters of rice cooking and eating quality, the gel consistence (GC) and gelatinization temperature (GT), were also improved in the grains of both the transgenic maintainer lines and their relevant hybrids. In addition, no change was observed for most of the agronomic characters of the transgenic maintainer lines and the relevant transgenic hybrids. Although the grain weight of the transgenic line was reduced, the grain yield of the homozygous transgenic parent lines and the transgenic hybrids was similar when compared with that of the wild-type controls. These results suggest that transgenic approaches are an effective way to obtain rice lines with both improved qualities and high yield, especially for indica hybrid rice.     

福建省水稻螟虫种群发生变化及原因初探

根据资料及系统调查分析了福建水稻螟虫发生的新特点,揭示了不同稻区不同年份间二化螟种群变动情况及其原因,旨在为稻螟的预测预报和可持续综合治理提供理论依据。     

红曲中桔霉素的检测及控制

红曲是指以大米为原料,用红曲菌属（Monascusspp．）红曲霉发酵培养制得,具有红色的颗粒或用其制成的粉末。目前红曲可分为色曲、酒曲和功能性红曲。在红曲霉的发酵过程中,同时与红曲色素相伴产生一种有害的次级代谢产物一桔霉素。研究表明桔霉素具有肾毒性,可致畸、致癌和诱发基因突变。桔霉素的存在,制约了红曲在食品及药品方面的广泛应用,在一定程度上阻碍了红曲产业的发展。为此,在红曲生产中如何快速准确检测桔霉素以及有效地防控桔霉素,是我们当前迫切需要解决的问题。本文对近年来国内外红曲中桔霉素的检测方法及控制策略进展进行了综述。目前,桔霉素的检测方法主要有抑菌圈法、TLC法、酶联免疫法和HPLC法等,其中HPLC法是检测红曲中桔霉素高效且应用最广泛的方法。桔霉素的控制主要从菌种选育,发酵工艺及产品后续处理等方面进行调控。目前尚没有成熟的控制策略全部去除桔霉素,只有采用低产桔霉素的菌种,适合的生产工艺及结合后续的物理或化学处理等综合措施,生产出符合桔霉素控制标准的高品质红曲产品。     

水稻籽粒激素对产量和品质的调控效应研究进展

水稻籽粒激素含量甚微,却能有效调控产量与品质的形成。该文主要对近年来国内外有关水稻籽粒中激素(IAA、GA1+4、Z、ZR、iPA、ABA、ETH)含量在不同环境下的变化规律、各激素及其互作对水稻籽粒产量和品质性状的调控效应和调控机理进行综述,并讨论了该领域未来的研究重点和方向,为今后相关研究提供信息参考。     

江西省珍稀濒危植物调查研究

综合《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》(第1册)和《国家重点保护野生植物名录》(第1批),江西省有珍稀濒危植物95种。它们具有种类多、起源古老、分布范围广、区系地理成分复杂等特点,并且绝大多数具有重要的经济价值和科研价值。在探讨江西省珍稀濒危植物致危机制的基础上,提出了保护建议。