小麦D~2型细胞质雄性不育系雄配子发育的细胞形态学特征和同工酶的研究

研究了小麦Ｄ~２型ＣＭＳ系ｍｓＤ~２－ＣＡ８０５７与保持系ＣＡ８０５７花粉发育的细胞形态学特征及花粉粒“单核－双核期”、“三核期”的花药、雌蕊、旗叶和授粉２０天左右的灌浆期种子胚乳的过氧化物酶同工酶、酯酶同工酶,主要研究结果揭示：Ｄ~２型不育系花粉败育起始于“单核－双核期”,表现为败育期长和败育方式多样化;“三核期”花药的同工酶有明显差异,主要表现为不育系酯酶比保持系少３条酶带且酶的总活性比保持系的弱、过氧化物酶的总活性比保持系弱很多且少３条酶带。上述差异可能是Ｄ~２型细胞质不育基因对核基因的调控表达所致,而这种调控作用可能是导致雄性不育形成的原因之一;这些特征也表明Ｄ~２型不同于Ｔ型也不同于Ｋ型,是个新的不育类型。     

鸡的小卫星探针产生的猪DNA指纹图

以一个鸡的小卫星cMS18为探针,对五指山小型猪、长白猪及枫泾猪进行了DNA指纹分析。结果表明,五指山小型猪的相似系数(0.721)显著高于长白猪(0.503)和枫泾猪(0.484),在遗传背景上也与后两者相距甚远。家系分析表明, 鸡的小卫星探针产生的猪的DNA指纹图的遗传符合孟德尔规律。 Abstract:A chicken minisatellite probe cMS18 was used to generate DNA fingerprints of Wuzhisshan microping,Landrace pig and Fengjing pig.It was revealed that similarity coefficient of Wuzhishan microping(0.721)was much higher than both that of Landrace pig(0.503)and of Fengjing pig(0.484).It was shown that Wuzhishan micropig was genetically distant to Landrace pig and Fengjing pig.Analysis of a porcine pedigree using cMS18 probe manifested that the segregation of DNA fingerprint bands was consistent with the Mendelian fashion.     

云南小麦、西藏半野生小麦和普通小麦叶绿体DNA限制性内切酶图谱的研究

云南小麦(Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King)和西藏半野生小麦(Triticum aestivum ssp.tibetanum Shao) 是我国西部地区特有的两个普通小麦(T.aestivum L.)亚种。我们采用改进的高离子强度法,提取云南小麦、西藏半野生小麦、普通小麦的两个品种(中国春和鄂恩1号)的叶绿体DNA, 并用7种限制性内切酶对它们的叶绿体DNA进行了酶切图谱分析。结果表明:在普通小麦及其两个亚种中没有叶绿体DNA的限制性片段长度差异,反映了叶绿体基因组在进化过程中相对的稳定性。 Abstract:Yunnan wheat(Triticum aestivum ssp. Yunnanense King) and Tibet semiwild wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. Tibetanum Shao) are two endemic subspecies of common wheat (T. eastivum L.) in the west of China.Improved high ionic strength medium was adopted to extract the cpDNAs of Yunnan wheat,Tibet semiwild wheat and two cultivars of common wheat (Chinese Spring and Een 1).Restriction fragment analysis of cpDNAs was carried out with the use of 7 restriction enzymes.The results showed that there was no diversity of cpDNAs from common wheat and the two subspecies,indicating the conservatism of the chloroplast genome during the process of evolution.     

不同月龄香猪血清胰岛素水平的比较

本文用放射免疫测定法测定了四个不同月龄香猪血清胰岛素含量。所得结果：不同月龄胰岛素含量不同,即２月龄胰岛素含量最高,１和３月龄处于中等水平,４月龄最低。同一月龄内胰岛素含量雌雄差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,不同月龄间Ｆ检验结果胰岛素含量差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。相对生长率在２月龄最高,３月龄最低,４月龄处于中等水平。结果证实：胰岛素具有促生长作用。动物越幼小,促生长作用越强。推测１月龄仔猪存在生理性胰岛素水平低下。     

猪胃组织中生长激素受体基因表达的发育性变化及品种特点

用相对定量RT PCR的方法研究二花脸猪 (Erhualian)和大白猪 (1argeWhite)胃组织中生长激素受体 (GHr)mR NA发育性变化并进行品种间比较。分别于出生当天、3、2 0、30、4 5、90、12 0和 180日龄随机选取纯种大白猪公猪和二花脸公猪各 4头宰杀并采样 ,同时记录胃重和体重。研究结果表明 :出生时胃组织中GHrmRNA水平较高 ,3日龄时显著下调 (P <0 0 5 ) ;二花脸猪胃组织中GHrmRNA水平在断奶时 (45日龄 )达到高峰 ,随后显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,至 90日龄后维持相对稳定。大白猪公猪在 90日龄时胃组织中GHrmRNA水平达到高峰 ,并维持在较高水平 ;从出生到断奶 ,二花脸猪胃组织GHrmRNA水平高于大白猪 ,2 0日龄时差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;90日龄至 180日龄期间二花脸猪胃组织GHrmRNA水平低于大白猪 ,90日龄时差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。胃重相对于体重的变化模式和胃组织GHrmRNA水平的发育变化呈中等强度正直线相关 ,相关系数为r=0 5 4 (P <0 0 5 )。以上结果提示 :(1)猪胃组织中GHr基因表达有特定的发育模式 ,并且呈现显著的品种间差异 ;(2 )GH直接作用于胃组织并调节胃的生长 ,GH是否直接参与胃的功能性发育调节 ,尚有待于进一步的实验研究     

近交系大鼠DNA指纹分析研究

目的建立DNA指纹技术对近交系大鼠遗传监测的方法.方法采用DNA指纹图法对国内已知的7个品系9个近交系大鼠群体进行了分析,并对相同DNA进行了多次DNA指纹图重复实验.结果(1)不同品系之间DNA指纹图差异较大,其平均图带数为16.360±2.178,共有带率为0.061±0.008,相似系数为0.062±0.008,相同DNA指纹图概率为3.691×10-23.(2)同一群体不同个体之间DNA指纹图带的相似系数和共有带率(除SHR(哈)和WKY(哈)小于0.7外),其他均在大于0.9.(3)不同地区同一SHR和同一WKY品系间DNA指纹图也存在不同,其相似系数和共有带率均小于0.6.(4)相同DNA不同次制作的DNA指纹图谱基本一致(P>0.05).结论证实了该方法在近交系大鼠遗传监测中的可行性.     

鸡的DNA指纹与屠宰性能的相关性研究

利用SR92A系鸡与萧山♀鸡的杂交一代群体,以EA（禽内源性反转录病毒片段）为探针,限制性内切酶为EcORI,探讨DNA指纹与若干屠宰性能之间的相关性。结果表明EAV指纹图谱中,长度约为4kb的条带J与SR92A系×萧山鸡杂交后代75日龄的活重、屠宰重、半净膛重、爪重、胸肌重、头重、大腿重有显著负相关,无J带的个体与有J带的相比,75日龄活重平均高出280克,屠宰重高出257克,半净膛重高出216克,胸肌重高出16．71克,分别高达28．57％、28．87％、28．76％和54．00％。若在亲本中选择无条带J的个体建立无J带的后代群体,根据算式：△W＝（XJ-－XJ ）×N×FJ 预测,选择效果和经济效益显著。     

巴马香猪和杜长大猪的PDK4基因的克隆及组织表达分析

为了获得广西巴马香猪和杜长大猪丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶4 (PDK4)基因编码区序列(CDS),并研究PDK4基因在广西巴马香猪和杜长大猪不同组织中的mRNA表达差异,本研究利用基因克隆技术分别从巴马香猪和杜长大猪的背最长肌组织中提取总RNA,PCR扩增出PDK4基因CDS,并进行生物信息学分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测PDK4基因在这两品种猪不同组织中m RNA的相对表达量。结果表明:本研究分别成功克隆获得巴马香猪和杜长大猪PDK4基因CDS,长度为1 224 bp,这两品种猪的PDK4基因CDS同源性为100%,与GenBank报道的普通猪、人、鼠、马、羊的同源性分别为100%、91.0%、85.5%、92.3%、93.0%。基于PDK4基因碱基同源性构建的物种系统进化树可知,巴马猪和杜长大猪遗传距离是最近的,最远的是小鼠。两品种猪PDK4氨基酸组成中亮氨酸含量较高,占总氨基酸数的10.8%,同时发现PDK4蛋白具有较强的亲水性。巴马香猪和杜长大猪PDK4蛋白的高级结构中均包含有α螺旋、无规卷曲和延伸链。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,巴马香猪和杜长大猪的不同组织PDK4基因表达量最高的为腹脂,最低的是脾。巴马香猪背最长肌中PDK4基因表达水平极显著高于杜长大猪,而杜长大猪的皮脂、腹脂、肝、脾以及肾中PDK4基因表达水平极显著高于巴马香猪。本试验成功克隆了巴马香猪和杜长猪的PDK4基因,并且检测了该基因在两品种猪不同组织中的基因表达水平的差异,为今后深入探讨PDK4基因在地方猪种脂质代谢和脂肪沉积方面发挥的作用奠定工作基础。     

基于酿酒酵母的大片段DNA组装与转移技术进展*

DNA组装与转移技术是合成生物学的核心使能技术之一,生命体设计改造的复杂度不断提升,使得对大片段DNA组装与转移技术的需求也日益旺盛。小片段DNA的组装与转移技术目前已经比较成熟,大片段DNA由于其分子量大、易断裂,使得体外操作繁琐且效率低下。聚焦酿酒酵母体内组装和转移的技术进展,详细介绍了基于酿酒酵母一次组装和迭代组装的不同方法,并从导入与导出的角度介绍了大片段DNA的转移技术,便于研究者更好地理解和选择酿酒酵母体内组装与转移技术。此外,还展望了将酿酒酵母开发为大片段DNA组装与转移通用平台实现更多物种基因组大尺度设计改造的愿景。     

荧光素标记JH12.6探针进行的人DNA指纹图分析

采用荧光素标记和鲁米诺化学发光技术,建立了ＤＮＡ指纹图的分析方法。用该方法标记ＪＨ１２．６探针获得了清晰易读、分辨率高的人ＤＮＡ指纹图。经对云南省７８名无关个体进行ＤＮＡ指纹图分析,计算出无关个体的相关机率为７．４×１０（－１１）,平均等位基因频率为０．０９。比较同位素（３２）Ｐ标记方法表明,用荧光素标记ＪＨ１２．６探针进行人ＤＮＡ指纹图分析,具有简便、快速、安全、经济的特点,可在法医学鉴定及其它领域里推广应用。     

Genetic distances estimated from DNA fingerprints in crosses of White Plymouth Rock chickens

Crosses were produced between two lines of White Plymouth Rock chickens, one of which had been selected for low 8-week body weight for 31 generations (L) and the other of which was a bantam population (B). The parental lines, reciprocal F1s, reciprocal F2s and all possible back-crosses to each parental line (total of 16 populations) were available for study. Blood was obtained from 10 females within each population. DNA was extracted from blood mixes (equal amounts of blood from each individual) for each population, and from blood samples of each individual in the two parental lines. Fourteen line-specific DNA fingerprint (DFP) bands (those bands present in one parental population, but not in the other parental population) were analysed (eight from line L and six from line B). Regression analyses were conducted to compare the known proportion of genomic contribution from each parental population with values based on relative band intensity obtained with a scanning densitometer. The resulting regression coefficient of 1.004 demonstrated that DFP analysis of relative band intensity is an effective method of estimating the relative proportion of genome contributed by parental populations.     

Physiological responses of growing Large White boars in three management environments

Growth and physiological responses in Large White boars were studied under three different management environments at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure. The management environments were shed with concrete floor (SCF), open space with concrete floor (OSCF) and open space with earth floor (OSEF). Two studies were carried out, one between December 1990 and March 1991 and the other from December 1991 to April 1992. Meteorological parameters in all management environments were monitored simultaneously with physiological variables. Growth of the animals was assessed by monitoring body weights of the animals. Data analysis showed that mean ambient temperatures, mean relative humidity and net radiation differed significantly (P<0.05) among the management environments. Ambient temperature and net radiation of the pigs were highest (P<0.05) in the OSEF environment, which also had the lowest (P<0.05) relative humidity. Although growth rates did not differ significantly among environments, body weight was lowest (P<0.05) in the OSEF environment. Mean respiratory rates and rectal temperatures were lowest (P<0.05) in the SCF environment. The study shows correlations between some meteorological parameters and body weights. Pigs under shade and in concrete-floored pens were more comfortable and had higher body weight and lower respiratory rates and rectal temperatures.