高粱九个性状遗传参数的分析

1991─1992连续两年,在水、旱地两种环境条件下,对20个品杂种,9个性状进行了3个遗传参数的分析。从遗传进度的估算中确定了较高增量的性状。在遗传相关的分析中,又得出14对性状遗传相关系数较高,表现型相关系数水、旱地都达到显著水准。但在相关遗传进度的估算中,其增量幅度旱地明显地小于水地,这说明旱地培育高产品种的困难较大。通过对12 4个指数项目的分析,提出了水、旱地育种各自应采用的较好的选择方案。     

大豆不同亲本类型F2主要性状遗传参数分析

对大豆3个不同亲本类型的杂交组合F2群体主要性状遗传变异系数、遗传力和遗传进度进行了估算分析,结果表明：这些遗传参数因性状或亲本类型的不同而有明显差异。含有野生亲缘关系的组合,类型间、性状间F2遗传力有较大差异,性状变异幅度增大,相对遗传进度也较大,从而有较广泛的选择基础。     

大豆不同亲本类型F2主要性状遗传参数分析

对大豆3个不同亲本类型的杂交组合F2群体主要性状遗传变异系数、遗传力和遗传进度进行了估算分析,结果表明这些遗传参数因性状或亲本类型的不同而有明显差异.含有野生亲缘关系的组合,类型间、性状间F2遗传力有较大差异,性状变异幅度增大,相对遗传进度也较大,从而有较广泛的选择基础.     

多个数量性状的拓广遗传参数

运用多元分析方法定义了拓广表型方差(?)(generalized phenotypic variance),拓广遗传方差(?)(generalized genetic variance),拓广遗传力(?)(generalized heritability)和拓广遗传相关系数(?)(generalized genetic correlation coefficient): 这些参数可用来对多个数量性状总体的变异、协变异及不同组向量之间的相关性进行轮廓分析(profile analysis)。用棉花和紫花苜蓿的两个实例说明了这些参数的估算和应用。     

基于SSR标记和生物学性状进行桃遗传多样性的比较分析

利用生物学性状和SSR分子标记对50个桃品种进行遗传多样性研究,并将两种标记所得结果进行比较.14个生物学性状揭示出品种间的遗传相似系数范围为0～0.9,均值为0.4;而13对SSR引物揭示出遗传相似系数范围为0.52～0.97,均值为0.75.对两种标记进行共表型相关系数检测,结果显示两种结果无明显差异.经Mental检测,两种标记之间相关性较差,这可能与形成机理差异大有关.进行聚类和主成分分析,生物学性状方面品种主要分为3个组且与果肉性状相关,而分子方面品种主要分为2组,与地域相关.     

巨桉家系主要产量性状遗传相关分析

遗传相关分析表明,巨桉家系各性状间相关极显著,胸径与材积的遗传相关比树高与材积之间的遗传相关更密切。遗传相关系数大于表型相关系数,以遗传相关系数进行间接选择较科学。通径分析进一步揭示,胸径是构成巨桉单株材积的最主要因素。     

苦玄参40个株系表型性状遗传多样性分析

植物遗传多样性一直以来是种质资源研究的热点。为揭示苦玄参栽培种质的遗传多样性,该研究从苦玄参常年栽培种中根据形态学性状差异选择40个株系,以产量、药效物质含量及茎、叶、花等形态学性状为指标,进行物种变异和遗传多样性分析,并对其进行聚类分析,获取各株系遗传亲缘关系。结果表明:苦玄参苷IA和IB含量的遗传变异系数较高,分别为24.225%和17.853%;遗传多样性指数高,分别为1.920和2.075。产量遗传变异系数较低,仅为3.637%,但遗传多样性指数较高,达到1.884。其余表型性状指标遗传变异系数均较高,其中花色高达127.794%。数值型性状具有较高的遗传多样性,均大于1,但描述型指标遗传多样性指标较低,均小于1。聚类分析可将供试材料分为4个大的类群:第Ⅰ类群共有7个株系,此类群产量性状及相关指标平均数较高;第Ⅱ类群有8个株系,茎节长度最长,其余指标中等偏下;第Ⅲ类群数量最多,有20个株系,各指标均较低;第Ⅳ类群有5个株系,苦玄参苷含量和产量均较高,综合指标比较优。相关分析结果表明,苦玄参苷IA的含量与叶缘性状具有显著相关,产量性状与茎节长度、一级分枝和末级分枝数具有极显著相关,选择优良种质应注重该4个性状的选择。该研究结果表明目前苦玄参栽培种具有广泛的变异和较高的遗传多样性,为苦玄参资源的利用提供了参考依据。     

相关遗传力及其在育种上的应用

本文提出了研究相关遗传变异的一个新的遗传参数——相关遗传力,它是单个性状遗传力在两个相关性状上的推广,可定义为两性状的遗传协方差对两性状表现型标准差乘积之比。本文证明表型相关系数等于相关遗传力和相关环境力之和,并着重讨论了相关遗传力在间接选择和相关遗传变异分析等方面的应用,指出在这些方面,用相关遗传力代替遗传相关系数,可以得到较简单且较满意的结果。     

家蚕二化性杂交品种部分数量性状遗传参数的初步评估

采用完全随机设计法根据10头老熟幼虫体重、全茧重、茧层量、茧层率（%）、存活率、万蚕茧层量和茧丝长等指标,对两对二化性家蚕Bombyx mori L. 杂交品系（SH6×NB₄D₂和CSR₂×CSR₄）杂交一代的22个子代个体进行了遗传参数估算,以缩小优质蚕品种的候选范围,并且计算出直接筛选的参数,如遗传力和遗传进度等,使这些信息可用于以筛选高产新品种为目的的育种和选择过程中。杂交子代2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 16, 19和20号个体在这几个指标中表现出显著的优越性。全茧重、万蚕茧层量和茧丝长的遗传力和遗传进度较大,可以简单地从表现型的差异对这些性状进行选择并取得遗传性状改良。其他几个指标(10头老熟幼虫体重、茧层量、茧层率(%)和存活率)的遗传力和遗传进度较低,对这些性状进行直接选择来改良品种的效果较差。     

核桃品种绿岭杂交后代主要性状的遗传分析与优株选择研究

为了培育出矮化、早实、丰产、优质等综合性状优于绿岭的核桃新品种,以绿岭核桃为亲本与辽宁1号、绿早进行杂交,测定了正反交组合374个杂交单株的13个性状,并对其进行了遗传分析,结果表明:杂交后代的表型性状具有较高的遗传多样性,各性状的变异系数均在17%以上,最高达72.40%;而果实相关性状的变异系数除可溶性蛋白质之外,均在20%以下。青皮率和脂肪含量的遗传传递力在4个杂交组合中均大于97%,其遗传受加性效应影响较大。果实相关性状的广义遗传力均在90%以上,说明其在遗传上是比较稳定的,可以在早代进行选择。从杂交后代中初选21个优株,采用主成分分析的方法,对其进行评价和优株选择。结果表明,以性状的累积方差贡献率达到74.3%,确定了4个反映核桃主要性状的主成分;通过计算各单株的综合评价值,在供试的21个优株中,选出了3个综合性状优良的单株,其结果与单株的实际表型相近;并发现短结果枝率、矮化指数和节间长度3个指标能够反映出核桃的矮化优良性状。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.