焦化废水工业处理装置和实验室装置硝化菌群的分子比较

反应器的群落结构分析有助于对工业装置的故障原因进行诊断。为了解决某焦化废水处理装置硝化功能低下的故障,构建了一套相似的实验室装置作为参照系统,该装置的硝化功能良好。通过工业装置和实验室装置好氧池生物膜16SrDNA克隆文库的比较,分析了它们之间硝化菌群的组成差异。实验室装置克隆文库的构成说明Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosoccus mobilis类群和Nitrospira属Ⅰ亚区系分别是该工艺条件下优势的氨氧化菌和亚硝酸氧化菌,但工业装置的克隆文库中却没有找到任何与硝化菌序列相近的克隆,这说明工业装置中硝化菌的多度较低。进一步使用Taqman荧光探针实时定量PCR测定了样品中Nitrospira属的多度,实验室装置中Nitrospira属16S rDNA的拷贝数达到3.4×106个/微克基因组DNA,而工业装置的测定值不到实验室装置的1/300。这些试验结果都表明工业装置好氧池微生物群落中缺少适当的硝化菌群是造成其硝化能力低下的重要原因。提高菌群中Nitrosomonas属和Nitrospira属的多度是解决工业装置硝化能力低下的关键。     

医用供应装置的风险分析及应对策略

医用供应装置的医疗事故时有发生。从气体、电气和机械结构等方面,深入分析和评估医用供应装置的风险,提出加强医用供应装置安全性和避免事故发生的应对措施,并介绍ISO国际标准关于医用供应装置的完整标准体系。     

原发冲击伤模拟实验概述

冲击波致伤动物模型是原发冲击伤模拟实验研究的前提和保障。目前绝大多数实验模拟冲击波是使用炸药产生冲击波和冲击波生成装置两种方法。早期建立冲击伤模型是使用烈性炸药产生冲击波致伤动物,随着技术的发展,冲击波生成装置取代烈性炸药应用到动物实验研究中。冲击波生成装置常见两种类型：生物激波管装置和激光冲击波发生装置。各种生物激波管装置已发展成熟并被广泛使用,激光冲击波发生装置也显示出独特的优势,大大促进了冲击伤模拟实验研究的开展。     

一种捕食螨饲养观察装置

【目的】为在室内防止捕食螨逃逸,设计一种防止逃逸行为的饲养观察装置。【方法】对比研究了传统隔水式饲养装置和改进型装置在防止逃逸行为中的效果,及改进型装置对捕食螨发育及繁殖能力有无影响。【结果】改进型装置通过添加瓶塞、棉线、盖玻片组成密闭小室,可有效防止捕食螨的逃逸,逃逸率仅为3.3%。另外,使用该装置后的捕食螨生长发育及繁殖等能力与隔水式饲养法相比未受到显著影响。【结论】本文设计的饲养观察装置可在捕食螨生物学、生态学及农药抗性等基础研究中应用。     

浅谈电能计量装置常见故障及防范对策

本文介绍了电能计量装置常见的故障和检查方法,阐述了加强电能计量装置故障细化分析的必要性,提出了电能计量装置故障的防范对策。     

限制性片段凝胶电泳

DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳装置的设计有很多种。有些装置很容易用玻璃或有机玻璃制成,而且用这些简单装置可得到极好的结果(图1)。     

大鼠负重爬梯抗阻训练实验装置的改进

目的探讨大鼠负重爬梯抗阻实验装置的改进,观察改进装置的方法学、训练学和生物学效果。方法36只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组和训练组。对爬梯装置和负重装置进行分别改进后建立新的大鼠负重爬梯抗阻训练实验装置,实验组大鼠用改进装置进行8周负重递增训练。观察改进后的训练装置操作效果;动态观察实验组大鼠8周训练的平均最大负重变化;比较负重爬梯训练对两组大鼠体重的影响。结果改进后爬梯装置具有稳定性高、承重性好、易清洁的特性,负重装置具有结实耐用、计算简易的特点,实验员可单人操作完成训练全过程;用改进装置训练大鼠8周后的平均最大负重可达756 g;用改进装置训练大鼠体重比安静对照组显著降低(P0.05)。结论改进的大鼠负重爬梯抗阻训练实验装置可为大鼠力量训练研究提供长期、反复的实验条件,建议推广使用。     

浅谈电能计量装置的接线检查方法

本文章主要阐述了在电能计量装置的问题上关于接线的要求,并且还简单介绍了几种比较常见的电能计量装置错误的接线方法,提出来正确的电能计量装置的接线方法。     

红火蚁工蚁定量采集与分装的装置及使用方法

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是一种严重的入侵物种,工蚁具有很强的攻击性,活动迅速,给采样带来了一定的困难.本文设计了红火蚁工蚁的定量采集装置、诱饵上工蚁的活体分装与计数装置以及工蚁的分级装置,并提供了制作和使用方法.这些装置及方法可为红火蚁的室内研究工作提供安全可靠的实验方法.     

设备制造商的环境生物事业

面对生物乙醇制造装置的汀货,日本各装置制造厂家相机行动。川崎重工业和三菱重工业开发了植物纤维热水处理技术,而日立造船开发了无水化技术。生物产业装置市场有很大的进入余地,企业的商机很丰富。     

DRX500型直接数字化X射线成像装置设计特点与应用分析

目的分析DRXS00型直接数字化X射线成像装置的设计与应用特点。方法运用自动化控制技术对X射线机与数字化X射线成像装置有效控制。结果DRXS00直接数字化X射线成像装置控制更加准确,使用更加快捷。结论DRXS00直接数字化X射线成像装置应用准确性与可靠性提高。     

改良式吸痰装置的设计与临床应用

目的探讨改良式吸痰装置在儿科吸痰的应用效果。方法利用纳入、排除标准的抽样方法选取我院儿科2014年3月~2015年3月收治的138例肺炎患儿为研究对象,随机分为对照组68例和观察组70例。对照组采用常规吸痰装置进行吸痰,观察组采用改良的吸痰装置吸痰,观察比较两组患儿吸痰时鼻腔黏膜的出血情况、吸痰所需时间和护士满意度。结果观察组鼻腔黏膜出血2例,对照组15例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组有效吸痰时间为51.3s,明显低于对照组的103.5s,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的护士满意度为92.8%显著高于对照组的50%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良式吸痰装置能缩短操作时间,降低鼻腔黏膜损伤,有利于护士快速有效解除患儿痰液堵塞,提高护士及家属满意度。     

Response of the ArcCHECK® device at 6 MV and 15 MV for VMAT and IMRT quality control

PurposeTo study the response of the ArcCHECK® device as VMAT and IMRT verification system.MethodsVarious tests analyzing the linearity, the repeatability and the angular dependence of the device response, its dependence with the pulse repetition rate and the leakage losses were performed. The long-term response in dose measurements and the uniformity of the detectors conforming the system were controlled using a statistical process control program. The Elekta Infinity™ 6 and 15 MV photon beams were used.ResultsThe device showed excellent repeatability and linearity. The differences between the responses obtained for any pair of angular incidences were less than 2%. The absorbed dose increased by 3% when the pulse repetition rate varied from 50 to 600 MU/min. Results are in overall agreement with those found in previous works for the ArcCHECK®, in which a reduced number of the device diodes were analyzed, and for the MapCheck®, an older 2D device that used the same diodes. Charge losses were found to be negligible except for some of the diodes of the device. The statistical process control program is a very useful tool to control the correct functioning of the device in the long term.ConclusionsThe results of the analysis carried out indicate that the working and stability conditions of the ArcCHECK® device are adequate for its purpose. The dependence with the pulse repetition rate should be considered when VMAT or similar treatments are evaluated. A control program for the statistical monitoring of the device would be desirable and useful.     

新型持续皮肤牵张器促进皮肤创面愈合的实验研究

目的：介绍自主研制的持续皮肤牵张器,探讨自主研制的持续皮肤牵张器治疗皮肤缺损的可行性和效果分析。方法：自主研制的持续皮肤牵张器8套;白色家猪6只,将每只猪的背部（两侧）切除矩形皮肤软组织缺损,形成12个创面,分为二组,实验组4只猪8个创面,对照组2只猪4个创面,创面均为10cm×6cm,实验组创面用自制持续皮肤牵张器行皮肤伸展术治疗,对照组创面自行愈合。结果：实验组与对照组每日创面缩小面积相差较多,差异有统计学意义,实验组皮肤缺损行5-6天皮肤伸展术治疗后,可直接行二期缝合关闭,对照组1周后仍存在较大皮肤缺损,无法缝合关闭。结论：应用自制持续皮肤牵张器行皮肤伸展术,可以早期快速闭合皮肤创面。自制持续皮肤牵张器克服了以往牵张器的不足,具有使用方便,效果可靠,并发症少等优点,有良好的应用前景。     

Disabled access to information technology — a protable adaptable,multipurpose device

The technology exists to allow severely physically disabled people to have a far more indepentdent lifestyle than many handicapped people enjoy today. To use an ever increasing range of sophisticated domestic equipment, without special modifications, an individually tailored control system and a universal accessing device are required. A portable multipurpose device allows multiply handicapped, non-speaking people a means of operating a variety of general-purpose or specialized pieces of electronic equipment at home and elsewhere, safely and independently. The device also provides a means of communication through the medium of computer-computer communication over telephone lines and will interface to a powered chair for independent mobility. Various features are provided which are not available from conventional environmental control systems. Through a specialized adjustable multipurpose switch system and a universal control device the handicapped person should be able to enjoy the independence afforded by the intelligent home of the future.     

Performance of a semiochemical‐baited autoinoculation device treated with Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Frankliniella occidentalis on French bean in field cages

The performance of an autoinoculation device was evaluated in field cage experiments for control of Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in French bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Samantha (Fabaceae). Treatments consisted of a fungus‐treated device with and without semiochemical (Lurem‐TR), and a fungus‐free device as control; the fungus used was Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). The overall mean number of conidia acquired by a single insect was higher in the fungus‐treated semiochemical‐baited device than in the device without semiochemical: 5.0 ± 0.6 × 10⁴ vs. 2.2 ± 0.4 × 10⁴ conidia per insect. The overall thrips mortality was also higher in the semiochemical‐baited device than in the device without the semiochemical: 59.3 ± 3.9 vs. 41.7 ± 3.5%. Conidial viability was not affected in the M. anisopliae‐treated device without semiochemicals, 7 days after treatment, whereas it was considerably decreased – from 81.0 ± 1.3 to 6.5 ± 1.1%, 2 and 7 days post‐inoculation – in the M. anisopliae‐treated semiochemical‐baited device. Thrips mortality was positively correlated with M. anisopliae conidial viability, and conidial viability was negatively correlated with conidial acquisition. This suggests that the semiochemical volatiles reduced the conidial viability, which in turn resulted in significant reduction in thrips mortality, despite the highest conidial acquisition in the semiochemical‐baited fungus‐treated device. Thrips density per plant was significantly reduced in both fungus‐treated treatments (with semiochemical: 8.7 ± 1.7 adults per plant; without semiochemical: 6.6 ± 1.4 adults per plant) compared with the fungus‐free control (19.8 ± 2.6 adults per plant). These results demonstrate the potential for an autoinoculation device strategy for the control of thrips, particularly in screenhouses.     

On-line control of light intensity in a microalgal bioreactor using a novel automatic system

The influence of light intensity upon biomass and fatty acid productivity by the microalga Pavlova lutheri was experimentally studied using a novel device. This device was designed to automatically adjust light intensity in a photobioreactor: it takes on-line measurements of biomass concentration, and was successfully tested to implement a feedback control of light based on the growth rate variation. Using said device, batch and semicontinuous cultures of P. lutheri were maintained at maximum growth rates and biomass productivities – hence avoiding photoinhibition, and consequent waste of radiant energy. Several cultures were run with said device, and their performances were compared with those of control cultures submitted to constant light intensity; the biomass levels attained, as well as the yields of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were calculated – and were consistently higher than those of their uncontrolled counterpart.     

A simple dispenser for liquid olfactometry

A simple mechanical device for the dosage delivery of the chemical substance solutions to the animal chemoreceptors is suggested. This device is making chemical stimuli with abrupt fronts by means of stream switching of the control and test solutions.     

Validation of a Novel Collection Device for Non-Invasive Urine Sampling from Free-Ranging Animals

Recent advances in non-invasively collected samples have opened up new and exciting opportunities for wildlife research. Different types of samples, however, involve different limitations and certain physiological markers (e.g., C-peptide, oxytocin) can only be reliably measured from urine. Common collection methods for urine to date work best for arboreal animals and large volumes of urine. Sufficient recovery of urine is thus still difficult for wildlife biologists, particularly for terrestrial and small bodied animals. We tested three collection devices (two commercially available saliva swabs, Salivette synthetic and cotton, and cotton First aid swabs) against a control to permit the collection of small volumes of urine from the ground. We collected urine samples from captive and wild macaques, and humans, measured volume recovery, and analyzed concentrates of selected physiological markers (creatinine, C-peptide, and neopterin). The Salivette synthetic device was superior to the two alternative devices. Concentrations of creatinine, absolute C-peptide, C-peptide per creatinine, absolute neopterin, and neopterin per creatinine measured in samples collected with this device did not differ significantly from the control and were also strongly correlated to it. Fluid recovery was also best for this device. The least suitable device is the First aid collection device; we found that while absolute C-peptide and C-peptide per creatinine concentrations did not differ significantly from the control, creatinine concentrations were significantly lower than the control. In addition, these concentrations were either not or weakly correlated to the control. The Salivette cotton device provided intermediate results, although these concentrations were strongly correlated to the control. Salivette synthetic swabs seem to be useful devices for the collection of small amounts of urine from the ground destined for the assessment of physiological parameters. They thus provide new opportunities for field studies to incorporate physiological markers, particularly on smaller bodied and terrestrial animals and where urine collection is difficult.     

An application of scissored-pair control moment gyroscopes in a design of wearable balance assistance device for the elderly

Impaired balance control ability and degraded functional mobility increases the risk of falling in elderly people. The elderly show more postural sway when standing compared with young people. A sway fall occurs when the center of gravity moves outside the limit of stability. In order to reduce the fall risk from the excessive sway, this study presents the design of wearable balance assistance device for the elderly. Scissored-pair control moment gyroscopes were selected as a torque actuator. A two-axis inclination sensor was used to detect the inclined angle of the wearer’s body. The direction of sway was calculated from the detected inclined angle. The designed device weighs 8.2 kg with a height of 32 cm × width of 40 cm × depth of 22 cm. A multi-segment model of a standing human was used to investigate the device’s performance for balance recovery. According to the simulations, balance recovery in any direction was successfully accomplished with the appropriate initial angle. The relationship between the effective initial angle and detected inclined angle was subsequently established. The stability provided by activation of the device was able to limit the unstable user’s sway boundary. The designed device shows promise for use as a balance assistance device for the elderly.