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1.
By means of mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequencing of putative “yeti”, “bigfoot”, and other “anomalous primate” hair samples, a recent study concluded that two samples, presented as from the Himalayas, do not belong to an “anomalous primate”, but to an unknown, anomalous type of ursid. That is, that they match 12S rRNA sequences of a fossil Polar Bear (Ursus
maritimus), but neither of modern Polar Bears, nor of Brown Bears (Ursus
arctos), the closest relative of Polar Bears, and one that occurs today in the Himalayas. We have undertaken direct comparison of sequences; replication of the original comparative study; inference of phylogenetic relationships of the two samples with respect to those from all extant species of Ursidae (except for the Giant Panda, Ailuropoda
melanoleuca) and two extinct Pleistocene species; and application of a non-tree-based population aggregation approach for species diagnosis and identification. Our results demonstrate that the very short fragment of the 12S rRNA gene sequenced by Sykes et al. is not sufficiently informative to support the hypotheses provided by these authors with respect to the taxonomic identity of the individuals from which these sequences were obtained. We have concluded that there is no reason to believe that the two samples came from anything other than Brown Bears. These analyses afforded an opportunity to test the monophyly of morphologically defined species and to comment on both their phylogenetic relationships and future efforts necessary to advance our understanding of ursid systematics. 相似文献
2.
Paola Piazza Magdalena B?a?ewicz-Paszkowycz Claudio Ghiglione Maria?Chiara Alvaro Kareen Schnabel Stefano Schiaparelli 《ZooKeys》2014,(451):49-60
Here we present distributional records for Tanaidacea specimens collected during several Antarctic expeditions to the Ross Sea: the Italian PNRA expeditions (“V”, 1989/1990; “XI”, 1995/1996; “XIV”, 1998/1999; “XIX”, 2003/2004; “XXV”, 2009/2010) and the New Zealand historical (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, NZOI, 1958-1961) and recent (“TAN0402 BIOROSS” voyage, 2004 and “TAN0802 IPY-CAML Oceans Survey 20/20” voyage, 2008) expeditions. Tanaidaceans were obtained from bottom samples collected at depths ranging from 16 to 3543 m by using a variety of sampling gears. On the whole, this contribution reports distributional data for a total of 2953 individuals belonging to 33 genera and 50 species. All vouchers are permanently stored in the Italian National Antarctic Museum collection (MNA), Section of Genoa (Italy) and at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA Invertebrate Collection), Wellington (New Zealand). 相似文献
3.
4.
The oegopsid squids Abraliopsis and Pterygioteuthis are abundant and diverse genera with taxonomic and distributional problems. Identification and distribution of species in the Mexican Pacific has been somewhat controversial. Here are provided a large series of new records for Abraliopsis
affinis, Abraliopsis
falco, Pterygioteuthis
gemmata, Pterygioteuthis
giardi and Pterygioteuthis
hoylei from the Gulf of California and off the SW coast of Mexico. All five species were collected in the central or the southern Gulf of California, or in both. Abraliopsis
affinis was found in seven samples with a total of 48 specimens, from 21°59'' to 24°53''12"N. Abraliopsis
falco was much less represented in the samples (14 specimens) but it was found in 10 localities, four of which correspond to the central-southern Gulf of California (north to 27°44''53"N) and six to SW Mexico (south to 16°49''18"N). In the case of Pterygioteuthis
gemmata, only two records (three specimens) were obtained, both in the SW Gulf of California, while Pterygioteuthis
giardi (nine specimens) records were all from the central Gulf of California (27°44''53” to 25°39''59"N). In the case of Pterygioteuthis
hoylei (nine specimens), material was obtained in six localities, also in a restricted latitudinal range (24°23''48” to 25°56''56"N). 相似文献
5.
A new species, Cherax
snowden
sp. n., from the Oinsok River Drainage, Sawiat District in the central part of the Kepala Burung (Vogelkop) Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia, is described, figured and compared with the closest related species, Cherax
holthuisi Lukhaup & Pekny, 2006. This species is collected and exported for ornamental purposes and its commercial name in the pet trade is “orange tip” or “green orange tip”. Both species may be easily distinguished morphologically or by using sequence divergence, which is substantial, for considering Cherax
snowden
sp. n. to be a new species. 相似文献
6.
Georg Fischer Frank Azorsa Francisco Hita Garcia Alexander S. Mikheyev Evan P. Economo 《ZooKeys》2015,(525):77-105
Phragmotic or “door head” ants have evolved independently in several ant genera across the world, but in Africa only one case has been documented until now. Carebara
elmenteitae (Patrizi) is known from only a single phragmotic major worker collected from sifted leaf-litter near Lake Elmenteita in Kenya, but here the worker castes of two species collected from Kakamega Forest, a small rainforest in Western Kenya, are studied. Phragmotic major workers were previously identified as Carebara
elmenteitae and non-phragmotic major and minor workers were assigned to Carebara
thoracica (Weber). Using evidence of both morphological and next-generation sequencing analysis, it is shown that phragmotic and non-phragmotic workers of the two different species are actually the same and that neither name – Carebara
elmenteitae or Carebara
thoracica – correctly applies to them. Instead, this and another closey related species from Ivory Coast are both morphologically different from Carebara
elmenteitae, and thus they are described as the new species Carebara
phragmotica
sp. n. and Carebara
lilith
sp. n. 相似文献
7.
Our review recognizes 15 species of the integripennis species group of Geocharidius from Nuclear Central America, include three species previously described (Geocharidius
gimlii Erwin, Geocharidius
integripennis (Bates) and Geocharidius
zullinii Vigna Taglianti) and 12 described here as new. They are: Geocharidius
andersoni
sp. n. (type locality: Chiapas, Chiapas Highlands, Cerro Huitepec) and Geocharidius
vignatagliantii
sp. n. (type locality: Chiapas, Motozintla, Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Benito Juárez) from Mexico; Geocharidius
antigua
sp. n. (type locality: Sacatepéquez, 5 km SE of Antigua), Geocharidius
balini
sp. n. (type locality: Suchitepéquez, 4 km S of Volcan Atitlán), Geocharidius
erwini
sp. n. (type locality: Quiché Department, 7 km NE of Los Encuentros), Geocharidius
jalapensis
sp. n. (type locality: Jalapa Department, 4 km E of Mataquescuintla), Geocharidius
longinoi, sp. n. (type locality: El Progreso Department, Cerro Pinalón), and Geocharidius
minimus
sp. n. (type locality: Sacatepéquez Department, 5 km SE of Antigua) from Guatemala; and Geocharidius
celaquensis
sp. n. (type locality: Lempira Department, Celaque National Park), Geocharidius
comayaguanus
sp. n. (type locality: Comayagua Department, 18 km ENE of Comayagua), Geocharidius
disjunctus
sp. n. (type locality: Francisco Morazán, La Tigra National Park), and Geocharidius
lencanus
sp. n. (type locality: Lempira Department, Celaque National Park) from Honduras. For all members of the group, adult structural characters, including male and female genitalia, are described, and a taxonomic key for all members of the integripennis species group is presented based on these characters. Behavioral and biogeographical aspects of speciation in the group are discussed, based on the morphological analysis. In all cases of sympatry, pairs of closely related species show greater differences in sizes than pairs of more remotely related species. Integripennis group species occupy six different montane areas at elevations above 1300m, with no species shared among them. Major faunal barriers in the region limiting present species distributions include the Motagua Fault Zone and a gap between the Guatemalan Cordillera volcanic chain and the Honduran Interior Highlands no higher than 900m in elevation. Highest species diversity is in the Guatematan Cordillera (six species), second highest in the Honduran Interior Highlands area (four species). 相似文献
8.
Carlos Daniel Pinacho-Pinacho Martín García-Varela Jesús S. Hernández-Orts Carlos A. Mendoza-Palmero Ana L. Sereno-Uribe Emilio Martínez-Ramírez Leopoldo Andrade-Gómez Alejandra López-Jiménez Eduardo Hernández-Cruz Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León 《ZooKeys》2015,(523):1-30
From December 2012 to November 2014, 267 fish belonging to the family Profundulidae (representing nine of the 11 species of the genus Profundulus) were collected in 26 localities of Middle-America, across southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, comprising the distribution range of the genus, and analyzed for helminth parasites. Additionally, a database with all ten available published accounts of the helminth parasite fauna of this genus (the only genus within the family) was assembled. Based on both sources of information, a checklist containing all the records was compiled as a tool to address future questions in the areas of evolutionary biology, biogeography, ecology and phylogeography of this host-parasite association. The helminth parasite fauna of this fish group consists of 20 nominal species, classified in 17 genera and 14 families. It includes six species of adult digeneans, five metacercariae, two monogeneans, one adult cestode, three adult nematodes and three larval nematodes. The profundulid fishes are parasitized by a specialized group of helminth species (e.g.
Paracreptotrema
blancoi
sensu
Salgado-Maldonado et al. (2011b), Paracreptotrema
profundulusi Salgado-Maldonado, Caspeta-Mandujano & Martínez Ramírez, 2011, Phyllodistomum
spinopapillatum Pérez-Ponce de León, Pinacho-Pinacho, Mendoza-Garfias & García-Varela, 2015, Spinitectus
humbertoi Mandujano-Caspeta & Moravec, 2000, Spinitectus
mariaisabelae Caspeta-Mandujano Cabañas-Carranza & Salgado-Maldonado, 2007 and Rhabdochona
salgadoi Mandujano-Caspeta & Moravec, 2000), representing the core helminth fauna that are not shared with other Middle-American fish species. 相似文献
9.
All of the known species of the Chinese endemic subgenus Pterostichus (Circinatus) are revised, keyed, and illustrated. Eleven new species and one new subspecies are described: Pterostichus
adelphus
sp. n. (Sichuan: Meigu, N28.66°, E103.06°); Pterostichus
ailaoicus
sp. n. (Yunnan: Xinping, N23.94°, E101.50°); Pterostichus
camelus
sp. n. (Sichuan: Mianning, N28.97°, E102.16°); Pterostichus
dimorphus
sp. n. (Yunnan: Dayao, N26.08°, E101.03°); Pterostichus
maitreya
sp. n. (Guizhou: Fanjingshan, N27.90°, E108.70°); Pterostichus
miao
sp. n. (Guangxi: Maoershan, N25.87°, E110.41°); Pterostichus
tumulus
sp. n. (Guizhou: Fanjingshan, N27.90°, E108.70°); Pterostichus
wangjiani
sp. n. (Yunnan: Dongchuan, N26.08°, E102.87°); Pterostichus
yan
sp. n. (Hubei: Shennongjia, N31.47°, E110.39°); Pterostichus
yuxiaodongi
sp. n. (Sichuan: Wolong, N30.99°, E103.15°); Pterostichus
zhygealu
sp. n. (Sichuan: Meigu, N28.67°, E103.05°); and Pterostichus
cavazzutianus
mianningensis
subsp. n. (Sichuan: Mianning, N28.97°, E102.16°). Pterostichus
cavazzutianus is proposed as a replacement name for Pterostichus
cavazuttii
Allegro and Sciaky 2010, preoccupied by Pterostichus (Sinosteropus) barbarae
cavazuttii
Sciaky and Facchini 2003. A lectotype is designated for Pterostichus
baenningeri
Jedlička 1931. Two species, Pterostichus
schuelkei Sciaky & Wrase and Pterostichus
wenxianensis Allegro & Sciaky, are moved from the subgenus Circinatus to Morphohaptoderus. An infra-subgeneric taxonomy is proposed for the subgenus Circinatus with four species groups. The male endophallus characters for most species of Circinatus were well studied, with three types of endophallus defined. A phylogenetic analysis based on adult morphological characters confirmed the infra-subgeneric classification and clarified some of the relationships among species. Two main lineages within Circinatus were identified from the phylogenetic analyses. Three of the four species groups were monophyletic, whereas the fourth group was paraphyletic. 相似文献
10.
The Rhinella
margaritifera species group consists of 17 species of toads distributed in tropical and subtropical South America and eastern Central America. The identity of some of its species is poorly understood and there are numerous undescribed cryptic species. Among them, the status of Rhinella
margaritifera is one of the most problematic. Its range includes lowland rainforests separated by the Andes, the Chocoan rainforest to the west and the Amazonian rainforest to the east. This distribution is puzzling because the Andes are an old and formidable barrier to gene flow and therefore should generate vicariant speciation between disjunct lowland populations. Herein we clarify the taxonomy of populations of the Rhinella
margaritifera complex from Central America and the Chocó region of South America. The morphological and genetic variation of Rhinella
margaritifera was examined from 39 populations from Chocó, 24 from the upper Amazon region of Ecuador, and 37 from Panama, including the holotype of the Panamanian Rhinella
alata. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on mitochondrial genes 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and the nuclear gene Tyrosinase (Tyr). The genetic and morphological data show that Panamanian and Chocoan populations are conspecific. In the phylogeny, populations from Chocó and Panama form a well-supported clade. The morphology of the holotype of Rhinella
alata falls within the variation range of Panamanian and Chocoan populations. Based on all this evidence, we assign the populations from western Ecuador and Panama to Rhinella
alata and demonstrate that the unusual distribution pattern of “Rhinella
margaritifera” on both sides of the Andes was an artifact of incorrectly defined species boundaries. 相似文献
11.
Identification of organisms is traditionally based on the use of “classic” identification keys, normally printed on paper. These keys have several drawbacks: they are mainly based on the systematics, requiring identification of orders, families and genera at first; they are written by experts for other experts, in a specific scientific jargon; they have a “frozen” structure (sequence of theses/antitheses); once published, they cannot be changed or updated without printing a new edition. Due to the use of computers, it is now possible to build new digital identification tools, which: 1) can be produced automatically, if the characters are stored in a database; 2) can be freed from the traditional systematics, giving priority to easy-to-observe characters, incl. those usually uncommon to the classical keys, such as ecology and distribution; 3) can be updated in real time once published on-line; 4) can be available on different media, and on mobile devices. An important feature of these new digital tools is their “collaborative” nature. They can be enriched by the contribution of several researchers, which can cooperate while maintaining rights and property of the resources and data they contribute to the system. JellyWeb, the information system on Scyphozoa, Cubozoa and Staurozoa has been developed in Trieste since 2010. The system was created with the aim of – potentially – becoming a starting point for a wide collaborative effort in developing a user-friendly worldwide digital identification system for jellyfishes. 相似文献
12.
The elongatus-kriegi complex is one of the most diverse clades of the Liolaemus (sensu stricto) subgenus of lizards. There are currently 29 species recognized in this group distributed between Chile and Argentina. Based on molecular evidence, there seem to be five main clades nested within this complex: the elongatus, leopardinus, kriegi, petrophilus and punmahuida clades. Liolaemus
buergeri and Liolaemus
kriegi, both of the kriegi clade, were believed to inhabit the surroundings of the Laja Lagoon, in the Biobío Region of Chile. Moreover, this Chilean population of Liolaemus
kriegi was recently recognized as an undescribed taxon called “Liolaemus sp. A” based on molecular phylogenetics. In this work, we studied these two populations of the Laja Lagoon and provided the morphological diagnosis to describe them as two new species: Liolaemus
scorialis
sp. n. and Liolaemus
zabalai
sp. n., previously considered Liolaemus
buergeri and “Liolaemus
kriegi/Liolaemus sp. A” respectively. Additionally, we identified another population of Liolaemus
scorialis in the vicinity of La Mula Lagoon in the Araucanía Region of Chile. Liolaemus
scorialis differs from almost all of the species of the elongatus-kriegi complex by its considerably smaller size. Nevertheless, without molecular data we cannot assign it to any particular subclade. Liolaemus
zabalai belongs to the kriegi clade based on published molecular phylogenies. Finally, we provide some natural history data on both species and we document for the first time the presence of Liolaemus
neuquensis in Chile from a museum specimen from La Mula Lagoon. 相似文献
13.
“Nesticus” citrinus, a species originally placed in Theridion is redescribed based on the syntype series composed by 7 females and a lectotype is designated. All syntypes have broken emboli in their epigynes. Taxonomic position of “Nesticus” citrinus is briefly discussed and its belonging to Nesticidae is doubted. 相似文献
14.
Seven new species of Hypselostomatidae are described from the Chinese province Guangxi: Angustopila
dominikae Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, sp. n., Angustopila
fabella Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, sp. n., Angustopila
subelevata Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, sp. n., Angustopila
szekeresi Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, sp. n., Hypselostoma
socialis Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, sp. n., Hypselostoma
lacrima Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, sp. n. and Krobylos
sinensis Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, sp. n. The latter species is reported from three localities. All other new species are known only from the type locality. Specimens nearly identical to the type specimens of Angustopila
huoyani Jochum, Slapnik & Páll-Gergely, 2014 were found in a cave in northern Guangxi, 500 km from the type locality. Adult individuals of Angustopila
subelevata
sp. n. (shell height = 0.83–0.91 mm, mean = 0.87 mm) and Angustopila
dominikae
sp. n. (shell height of the holotype = 0.86 mm) represent the smallest known members of the Hypselostomatidae, and thus are amongst the smallest land snails ever reported. We note that Pyramidula
laosensis Saurin, 1953 might also belong to Krobylos. Paraboysidia
neglecta van Benthem Jutting, 1961, which was previously included in Angustopila, is classified in Hypselostoma. 相似文献
15.
16.
Christian E. Bautista-Hernández Scott Monks Griselda Pulido-Flores Rafael Miranda 《ZooKeys》2015,(482):55-66
Paracreptotrema
rosenthali
sp. n. was discovered in the intestine of Xiphophorus
malinche and Pseudoxiphophorus
jonesii, collected from the headwaters of Río Malila, tributary of Río Conzintla, in the Río Pánuco basin, Hidalgo, México, during 2008–2009. The new species differs from the five known species of Paracreptotrema Choudhury, Pérez-Ponce de León, Brooks & Daverdin, 2006 by having vitelline follicles that extend from a level anterior to the pharynx to mid-testes, the seminal vesicle which is more extensively folded, and a wider cirrus sac. The new species resembles Paracreptotrema
heterandriae in the length of its ceca, which surpasses the posterior margin of the ovary but do not reach the testes. A key to the species of Paracreptotrema is provided. 相似文献
17.
Pseudofornicia
gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) is described (type species: Pseudofornicia
nigrisoma
sp. n. from Vietnam) including three Oriental (type species, Pseudofornicia
flavoabdominis (He & Chen, 1994), comb. n. and Pseudofornicia
vanachterbergi Long, (nom. n. for Fornicia
achterbergi Long, 2007; not Fornicia
achterbergi Yang & Chen, 2006) and one Australian species (Pseudofornicia
commoni (Austin & Dangerfield, 1992), comb. n.). Keys to genera with similar metasomal carapace and to species of the new genus are provided. The new genus shares the curved inner middle tibial spur, the comparatively small head, the median carina of the first metasomal tergite and the metasomal carapace with Fornicia Brullé, 1846, but has the first tergite movably joined to the second tergite and the third tergite 1.1–1.6 × as long as the second tergite medially and is flattened in lateral view. One of the included species is a primary homonym and is renamed in this paper. 相似文献
18.
David Sánchez-Fernández Andrés Millán Pedro Abellán Félix Picazo José A. Carbonell Ignacio Ribera 《ZooKeys》2015,(520):147-154
The ESACIB (‘EScarabajos ACuáticos IBéricos’) database is provided, including all available distributional data of Iberian and Balearic water beetles from the literature up to 2013, as well as from museum and private collections, PhD theses, and other unpublished sources. The database contains 62,015 records with associated geographic data (10×10 km UTM squares) for 488 species and subspecies of water beetles, 120 of them endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and eight to the Balearic Islands. This database was used for the elaboration of the “Atlas de los Coleópteros Acuáticos de España Peninsular”. In this dataset data of 15 additional species has been added: 11 that occur in the Balearic Islands or mainland Portugal but not in peninsular Spain and an other four with mainly terrestrial habits within the genus Helophorus (for taxonomic coherence). The complete dataset is provided in Darwin Core Archive format. 相似文献
19.
20.
A new species of the genus Cheleion Vårdal & Forshage, 2010, Cheleion
jendeki
sp. n., from Johor, Malaysia is described, illustrated and compared with the type species of the genus, Cheleion
malayanum Vårdal & Forshage, 2010. Photographs of the two species are presented. The adaptation to inquilinous lifestyle of Cheleion is compared with those in other beetle groups and briefly discussed. 相似文献