微波对小白鼠超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物的影响

低剂量（９１５兆赫）的微波照射小白鼠后，用ＮＢＴ光化还原法测知脾脏的ＳＯＤ活性降低；聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳ＰＡＧＥ测知ＳＯＤ的电泳图谱发生了变化；脂质过氧化物增加。经恢复饲养，ＳＯＤ的活性持续下降，脂质过氧化物含量持续增高，但降低和增加的趋势于第１１天后趋于稳定，而ＳＯＤ的电泳酶谱却不能恢复到对照水平。本研究表明低剂量的微波照射对小白鼠的ＳＯＤ具有明显的损伤作用，并使有害于机体的脂质过氧化物增加。     

Effect of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus and antibiotics in combination with common gnotobiological isolation on the survival of mice with acute radiation sickness

The influence of the combined use of bacterial preparations (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin and amikacin) on the survival rate of irradiated mice placed under the conditions of general gnotobiological isolation was studied. Bacterial strains used in combination with quinolones (ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin) significantly increased the mean survival time of the animals (p < 0.05) when introduced in a dose of 1.0 x 10(9) microbial cells per mouse on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 after irradiation. At the same time a short course of treatment with bacterial preparations (two injections on days 5 and 7 after irradiation) proved to be insufficient for increasing the survival rate of the animals. The mean survival time of the irradiated mice was higher after the use of bacterial preparations in combination with lomefloxacin or ciprofloxacin than after their use with amikacin.     

Effect of homologous serum globulin preparations on the intestinal automicroflora of mice after irradiation

In experiments on 4000 noninbred and CBA mice the influence of the injections of alpha-, beta- and gamma-globusin, IgG and IgM, obtained from the sera of hemostimulated and intact mice, on the intestinal microflora after irradiation has been studied. The experiments have revealed that 3 subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg per mouse, made 2, 24 and 48 hours after the irradiation of the animals with gamma-rays in a dose of 700 r, considerably reduce the intensity of the accumulation of opportunistic bacteria in the small and large intestines, commonly occurring in irradiated animals. A decrease in the number of lactobacteria is less pronounced. The preparations of globulin and IgG obtained from hemostimulated mice, i.e. enriched with normal tissue antibodies, have proved to be most effective.     

Modifying properties of 2,5-diphenyloxazole during low-dose X-ray exposure of mice

The ability of 2,5-diphenyloxazole (DPO) to modify biological consequences of the X-rays irradiation of mice was studied with a dose of 16 cGy at the administration of the agent in a wide range of concentrations before or after irradiation was studied. It was shown that the administration of the agent in doses 9.9 x 10(-3)-9.8 mg/kg 35-60 min before irradiation causes a reliable decrease in the spleen mass within 1 month after the action; for the dose 1 mg/kg, it causes the tendency to decrease of the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products; the dose 9.8 mg/kg causes a decrease in the cell-free DNA amount in blood plasma of mice. The administration of DPO before irradiation causes changes in the scale and direction of the correlation between the DNA and LPO products contents in blood plasma of irradiated mice compared with the control. The administration of DPO 15-60 min after irradiation do not cause any reliable changes in the investigated parameters. The aviability of the study of the radioprotective properties of the DPO derivatives as agents with a nontraditional character of action is supposed.     

Lipid metabolism in rat tissues during chronic gamma-irradiation and action of ubiquinone Q-9]

Chronic gamma-irradiation of rats with the daily dose of 0.129 Gy activates the synthesis of various classes of lipids in the thymus, spleen and bone marrow cells and induces lipid accumulation in these tissues. Feeding of rats with the antioxidant, ubiquinone Q-9, under conditions of chronic irradiation causes a considerable normalization of lipogenesis and levels of the lipid concentration in the tissues of animals irradiated with the dose of 20 Gy.     

The effect of carnosine on the liver enzyme system in the irradiated body]

The effect of carnosine on post-radioactive changes in lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in blood serum and cytochrome P-450 content in liver microsomes has been studied. Per os administration of carnosine 24 hours prior to irradiation in a minimal lethal dose (7 Gr) markedly decreases the post-radioactive accumulation of LPO products in rat blood serum one hour after irradiation and fully restores the post-radioactive decrease in the cytochrome P-450 content in rat liver microsomes on day 5 after irradiation. Besides, the ability of carnosine to prevent the post-radioactive decline in the activity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Another key enzyme of the liver detoxifying system, has been demonstrated. The data obtained testify to the ability of carnosine to provide effective protection against post-radioactive intensification of LPO in irradiated organisms.     

The role of antioxidative status in development of the consequences of biological action under low dose and low intensity irradiation

The scale and direction of changes of a number of biophysical, biochemical and physiological parameters in SHK mice (male) tissues were studied depending on their initial values for mice control groups within 1 day after low intensity gamma-irradiation (15 cGy). The reciprocal dependences between the scales of the lipid antioxidative activity (AOA) in brain or the spleen mass changes and their values for mice control groups were found. The external dependences were revealed between the amounts of lipid peroxidation secondary products in spleen, liver and blood plasma of the control mice and a scale of their change after irradiation. The most substantial changes of this parameter were observed in blood plasma and the changes of the phospholipid content within the total lipid composition were found in spleen and blood erythrocytes of the irradiated mice, that is in the lipids of tissues, which had the lowest level of AOA for mice control groups. The experimental data obtained indicate that the initial antioxidant status of animal tissues plays the important role for the development of consequences of the biological action under low dose and low intensity irradiation.     

Effects of chronic irradiation on age-related biochemical changes in mice

Some of the biochemical indices relevant to the "free radical theory" of aging have been assessed in mice subjected to chronic low-dose whole-body irradiation. Radiation exposure results in enhanced accumulation of the lipofuscins in brain, heart, and intestine. In these animals, the degree of lipoperoxidation in liver was greatly increased, as were the free activities of acid phosphatase and cathespin, indicating damage to lysosomal membranes. The activity of SOD in brain and liver 20,000g post-mitochondrial supernatants was lower in the irradiated mice. All these changes arising from chronic whole-body irradiation are similar to those observed during aging and are effectively prevented by dietary supplementation with BHT. These observations lend considerable support to the "free radical theory" of aging.     

The effect of total gnotobiological isolation and antimicrobial preparations on the survival of mice with acute radiation sickness

In experiments on 406 CBA mice the effect of antimicrobial preparations, used in combination with total gnotobiotic isolation, on the survival rate of totally irradiated animals was studied. The use of antimicrobial preparations was shown to considerably enhance the survival rate of these animals. Cyprofloxacin, a new preparation of the kinolone row, exhibited a good effect ensuring selective decontamination of the intestine. The use of cyprofloxacin prior to irradiation with the subsequent isolation of the animals in gnotobiotic chambers increased the survival rate of these animals by 2.7 times. But the maximum survival rate of irradiated mice was observed in those cases when antimicrobial preparations were used both before and after irradiation in combination with the total gnotobiotic isolation of the animals.     

The characteristics of the morphofunctional status of the adenohypophysis in lethally irradiated recipients after bone marrow transplantation]

The effect of lethal irradiation and transplantation of syngenic bone marrow in a dose of 1 x 10(7) cell/ml on the morphofunctional state of hypophysis at various stages of the posttransplantation period has been studied for 3 months using 100 linear male mice of a F1 (CBA x C57 B) line. The experiments conducted have shown that bone marrow transplantation reduces the intensity of the negative effect of irradiation on hypophysis and facilitates normalization of its histological structure. There was a correlation between changes in the number of secretory cells in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis and the level of corticosterone in irradiated and bone marrow-protected animals.     

Effect of antibiotics and bifiodobacterium preparations on the intestinal microflora of mice irradiated with gamma quanta

The treatment of CBA mice, irradiated in a dose of 700 Gy with antibiotics (penicillin V, oxytetracycline, streptomycin) in combination with bacterial therapy (B. bifidum, strain 75-41) or with antibiotics alone led to the increased percentage of survivors among them in comparison with the control animals. At the same time the medical prognosis was better in cases of the combined treatment with antibiotics and bifidobacteria. This circumstance was due to the fact that the combined treatment with antibiotics and bifidobacteria, considerably facilitated the normalization of the microbial picture of the intestine; in this case the "eubiosis" of the intestinal tract was almost completely restored by the 22nd day after the irradiation, whereas in the treatment with antibiotics alone the inhibitory effect on the development of the opportunistic flora at a later period of the development of dysbacteriosis was less pronounced, while the number of lactic acid bacteria remained at the same low level as in the untreated mice.     

Effect of external irradiation with different intensity at 1 Gy dose on the DNA, RNA and total protein content in the testis and liver of rats

The content of DNA, RNA and total protein in the rat testes and liver was studied 1 and 30 days after external chronic gamma-irradiation (dose rate 1.8 and 5.76 cGy/day) and acute gamma-irradiation with relatively low dose rate (5.4 cGy/min) up to a total dose of 1 Gy. The results obtained pointed to the specific metabolic reaction of radiosensitive (testes) and radioresistant (liver) tissues of organism at external irradiation at relatively low dose of different intensity due to unequal cell capacity for proliferation.     

Effect of neutron and gamma radiation on physical endurance of rats in the swimming test

Three groups of adult male Wistar rats were exposed to neutrons (a single dose of 2 Gy) and gamma radiation (a continuous dose of 6 Gy delivered within 10.5 days) and a combination of both types of radiation. The physical fitness of irradiated and control rats was measured using a forced swimming test in the course and after the termination of the irradiation. A marked decrease in the physical fitness of all irradiated animals was followed by its normalization 3 weeks after irradiation.     

Long-term effects of low-dose mouse liver irradiation involve ultrastructural and biochemical changes in hepatocytes that depend on lipid metabolism

The aim of the study was to investigate long-term effects of radiation on the (ultra)structure and function of the liver in mice. The experiments were conducted on wild-type C57BL/6J and apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE^?/?) male mice which received a single dose (2 or 8 Gy) of X-rays to the heart with simultaneous exposure of liver to low doses (no more than 30 and 120 mGy, respectively). Livers were collected for analysis 60 weeks after irradiation and used for morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical studies. The results show increased damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure and lipid deposition in hepatocytes of irradiated animals as compared to non-irradiated controls. Stronger radiation-related effects were noted in ApoE^?/? mice than wild-type animals. In contrast, radiation-related changes in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases, including acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase, β-galactosidase, and α-glucosidase, were observed in wild type but not in ApoE-deficient mice, which together with ultrastructural picture suggests a higher activity of autophagy in ApoE-proficient animals. Irradiation caused a reduction of plasma markers of liver damage in wild-type mice, while an increased level of hepatic lipase was observed in plasma of ApoE-deficient mice, which collectively indicates a higher resistance of hepatocytes from ApoE-proficient animals to radiation-mediated damage. In conclusion, liver dysfunctions were observed as late effects of irradiation with an apparent association with malfunction of lipid metabolism.     

Lipid peroxidation of rat spleen and thymus lymphocytes treated with x-rays (0-5-1.0 Gy)

It is established, that low doses of X-ray irradiation have affected activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in immunocompetent cells of the spleen and thymus. The amount of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in lymphocytes of spleen and thymocytes increases 2 times twenty-four hours after animals' irradiation by X-rays in a dose of 0.5 Gy; when a dose grows to 1.0 Gy, the MDA content in the spleen lymphocytes increases from the 1st to the 6th days and in thymocytes from the 1st to the 3d days reaching its maximum at the 3d day. MDA accumulation in the immunocompetent cells of irradiated animals varies depending on the method of lipid peroxidation initiation.     

Influence of the chronic gamma-irradiation at the low doses during the near ontogenesis periods on the oxidative processes in rodent organs

It is shown that the effect of the low intensity gamma-irradiation at the dose of 5.5 cGy during the 4 months including the antenatal period causes the most substantial changes of the peroxide content in the liver and in brain lipids and of TBA-reactive substances amount in organs and blood plasma of tundra vole F2 which are reproduced from parents during long-term inhabiting on the Ra-contaminated area in the Komi Republic. The consequences of the chronic gamma-irradiation at the doses of 4 cGy (the dose rate is 5 mR/h) and 31 cGy (the dose rate is 40 mR/h) are studied by the morphophysiological and by biochemical parameters in organs of mice CBA (males) within 3 months after exposure. The change of the scale of the interrelation between the liver and body masses and also between the sums of the more easily to the more poorly oxidizable fractions and the phosphatidyl choline to phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio in the liver phospholipids in groups of the irradiated mice is found as compared with that in the control group. The absence of interrelation between the lipid peroxidation process intensity and the catalase activity in the murine liver and also between the disbalance of the biochemical functions and the dose rate and/or the dose of the gamma-irradiation is revealed. The analysis of the data obtained allow to conclude that the chronic gamma-radiation under low intensity has the systemic effect on the animal organism causing of its function on the other level.     

He—Ne激光照射离体鼠巨噬细胞对线粒体跨膜电势的影响

目的：研究Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射鼠巨噬细胞对线粒体跨膜电势的影响,及其与激光剂量的关系。方法：用亲脂性阳离子荧光染料Ｒｈｏｄａｍｉｎｅ１２３对鼠巨噬细胞线粒体作荧光标记,以不同的激光剂量照射,采用图像分析系统（ＩＡＳ）和荧光显微镜观察线粒体跨膜电势荧光强度的变化。结果：低功率Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射５,１０,１５ｍｉｎ,激光剂量分别为０．６４９,１．３８８和２．０８２Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２,巨噬细胞线粒体跨膜电势荧光     

Effect of the substances "Ammivit" and "cerloplasmin" on lipid peroxidation products level and of antioxidant system indicators under irradiation

It has been shown, that the total X-ray irradiation in the dozes of 0.5 and 1 Gy influences on the content of lipid peroxidation products and enzymatic activity of antioxidant system in rat spleen and thymus cells. The influence of preparations "AMMIVIT" and "Ceruloplasmin" on these processes is investigated also. So, the animals feeding by the vitamin concentrate "AMMIVIT" have lead to increase of MDA level (a final product of lipid peroxidation) and the overactivity of some antioxidant enzymes in rat spleen and thymus cells. Injection of the preparation "Ceruloplasmin" to experimental animals up 1 hour before the irradiation has normalized LPO intensity and activity of AO enzymes.     

Lipid peroxidation in microsomes of murine bone marrow after low-doseγ-irradiation

The principal aim of the study was to investigate the effect of low-dose-irradiation on lipid peroxidation (LPO) in murine bone marrow. To this end, the degree of LPO in suspensions of microsomes of murine bone marrow cells (BMC) was determined in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation after whole-body or in vitro exposure to various doses of-radiation. These effects were compared to some extent with similar effects in liver and spleen preparations. As to the effect of-irradiation on LPO in BMC, the response depends on the dose level and on whether whole-body or in vitro exposures are involved. Whole-body irradiation did not result in an increase in LPO in BMC microsomes, even at such high doses as 15 Gy, although hepatic microsomes showed a marked increase. In contrast, in vitro irradiation of BMC microsomes with 0.1, 10 and 50 Gy brought about an increase in LPO. This increase was already significant (P <0.05) at 0.1 Gy following a post-irradiation incubation and substantial at 50 Gy, even without subsequent incubation. The results show that low doses of-irradiation are able to induce an elevation of LPO in murine BMC microsomes, but only after in vitro irradiation. In the case of whole-body irradiation cellular radical scavengers and other metabolic reactions may prevent a measurable increase in LPO. This is partly illustrated by the case of vitamin-E deficiency, where a substantial increase in LPO in BMC microsomes is observed even without-irradiation in comparison with euvitaminotic mice because normally occurring radicals are not scavenged sufficiently.On leave from the University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14678, USA     

The effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta on the repopulation of bone-marrow colony-forming cells in mice subjected to the action of radiation and burns]

The radioprotective and restorative (therapeutic) effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on the population of bone marrow CFU-S of mice, subjected to either sublethal doses of ionising irradiation itself or the same irradiation in combination with thermal burn, are investigated. Both the effects of the agent are registered under both in vitro and in vivo irradiation in semi-, syn- and allogeneic animals. If the irradiation was combined with thermal burn, the "therapeutic" effect of the agent was demonstrated at irradiation dose equal to 3.06 Gy rather than to 6.12 Gy. If the bone marrow cells were irradiated in vitro in dose 3.06 Gy with the following heat shock at 42 degrees C for 10-20 min, the "therapeutic" effect of IL-1 beta was seen only if it was added to cells before rather than after irradiation. The radioprotective effect of IL-1 beta is maintained under in vitro, as well as in vivo conditions in the allogeneic system of transplantation of the CBA donor bone marrow to the C57BL mice.