Differential response to low-fat diet between low and normal HDL-cholesterol subjects

Heart attacks frequently occur in normolipidemic subjects with low concentration of high density lipoproteins (35 mg/dL). We hypothesized that as subjects with low HDL-C already have low HDL concentrations, the major decrease of HDL-C will occur in subjects with normal HDL-C when a low-fat diet is consumed. Normolipidemic male subjects consumed three diets differing in total fat and saturated fat composition (AAD: 37%, Step-1: 28%, Step-2: 24% total fat) for 6 weeks in a three-period double-blind randomized crossover design. Plasma lipids and apolipoproteins were determined and changes in distribution of HDL subpopulations were evaluated. As a result of a low-fat diet, low HDL-C individuals slightly decreased their HDL-C, but substantially decreased their LDL-C resulting in a significant improvement in the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. However, subjects with normal HDL-C levels decreased both their LDL-C and HDL-C resulting in an unchanged LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. We also observed significant differences in response to low-fat diets in HDL-C and alpha(1) concentrations between low and normal HDL-C subjects. In the normal HDL-C group, consumption of a low-fat diet also resulted in redistribution of apoA-I-containing HDL subpopulations, indicated by a decrease in the large apoA-I-only alpha(1) subpopulation. These data demonstrate that male subjects with low HDL-C respond to a low-fat diet differently than individuals with normal HDL-C.     

Low levels of high density lipoproteins in Turks, a population with elevated hepatic lipase. High density lipoprotein characterization and gender-specific effects of apolipoprotein e genotype

Turks have strikingly low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (10-15 mg/dL lower than those of Americans or Western Europeans) associated with elevated hepatic lipase mass and activity. Here we report that Turks have low levels of high density lipoprotein subclass 2 (HDL(2)), apoA-I-containing lipoproteins (LpA-I), and pre-beta-1 HDL and increased levels of HDL(3) and LpA-I/A-II particles (potentially an atherogenic lipid profile). The frequency distributions of HDL-C and LpA-I levels were skewed toward bimodality in Turkish women but were unimodal in Turkish men. The apoE genotype affected HDL-C and LpA-I levels in women only. In women, but not men, the varepsilon2 allele was strikingly more prevalent in those with the highest levels of HDL-C and LpA-I than in those with the lowest levels. The higher prevalence of the epsilon2 allele in these subgroups of women was not explained by plasma triglyceride levels, total cholesterol levels, age, or body mass index. The modulating effects of apoE isoforms on lipolytic hydrolysis of HDL by hepatic lipase (apoE2 preventing efficient hydrolysis) or on lipoprotein receptor binding (apoE2 interacting poorly with the low density lipoprotein receptors) may account for differences in HDL-C levels in Turkish women (the epsilon2 allele being associated with higher HDL levels). In Turkish men, who have substantially higher levels of hepatic lipase activity than women, the modulating effect of apoE may be overwhelmed. The gender-specific impact of the apoE genotype on HDL-C and LpA-I levels in association with elevated levels of hepatic lipase provides new insights into the metabolism of HDL.     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙对高血压合并冠心病的疗效分析

目的:研究氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙对高血压合并冠心病的临床疗效,对该方法的安全性和有效性进行评价。方法:选取80例高血压合并冠心病患者,随机分为两组,即对照组和观察组。对照组患者给予阿托伐他汀钙片,观察组患者给予氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片。观察并记录两组患者治疗前后的收缩压、舒张压水平,以及心绞痛发生情况,治疗前后检测患者体内TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C表达水平。结果:和对照组患者相比,观察组患者降压作用及心绞痛改善作用均显效率显著提高(P0.05);和治疗前相比,两组患者收缩压、舒张压,以及TG、TC、LDL-C表达水平均显著降低,HDL-C表达水平均显著升高(P0.05);和对照组患者相比,观察组患者治疗后收缩压、舒张压,以及TG、TC、LDL-C表达水平降低更显著,HDL-C表达水平升高更显著(P0.05)。结论:和单独应用阿托伐他汀钙相比,氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙治疗高血压合并冠心病具有更好的的临床疗效,能有效的控制血压及血脂水平。     

阿托伐他汀改善冠心病患者血管内皮功能的临床研究

目的：观察短期阿托伐他汀治疗对高胆固醇血症的冠心病患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法：78例高胆固醇血症患者每日口服阿托伐他汀共8周,服药前后测量患者血清的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（IDIrC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和氧化低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）以及NO值,并用彩色多普勒超声测定反应性充血时肱动脉内径的变化。结果：高胆固醇血症患者经阿托伐他汀8周治疗后,血清的TC、TG、LDL-C和ox-LDL明显下降,血清的HDL-C以及NO值明显增加,反应性充血时肱动脉内径扩张程度明显增加,这些与治疗前相比有明显差异。结论：阿托伐他汀治疗能使高胆固醇血症的冠心病患者血脂改变,NO值增加,血管内皮功能改善。     

阿托伐他汀对急性心肌梗塞患者hs-CRP及血脂水平的影响

目的:研究阿托伐他汀对急性心肌梗塞患者超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及血脂水平的影响。方法:选取2012年1月到2015年1月我院收治的急性心肌梗塞患者80例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组40例,对照组给予常规治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上给予阿托伐他汀治疗,比较治疗前后两组hs-CRP和总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。结果:两组治疗后hs-CRP较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且研究组治疗后hs-CRP显著低于对照组,(P0.05);治疗后两组TC、TG和LDL-C显著低于治疗前,HDL-C显著高于治疗前(P0.05),且治疗后研究组TC、TG和LDL-C显著低于对照组,HDL-C显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀治疗急性心肌梗塞具有较好的效果,能有效降低hs-CRP水平,改善患者血脂水平。     

不同剂量阿伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗原发性高血压并动脉粥样硬化的临床研究

目的:探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗原发性高血压并动脉粥样硬化的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年1月-2016年12月在我院治疗的原发性高血压并动脉粥样硬化患者80例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组40例。实验组给予口服高剂量阿托伐他汀(40 mg/d)联合阿司匹林肠溶片(100 mg/d)治疗,对照组给予口服高剂量阿托伐他汀(20 mg/d)联合阿司匹林肠溶片(100 mg/d)治疗,疗程均为3个月。观察和比较两组患者治疗前后的总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoproteincholesterol,HDL-C)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张血压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)以及颈动脉斑块分级。结果:两组治疗后的SBP、DBP、血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平均较治疗前显著降低,血清HDL-C水平较治疗前明显升高,且实验组SBP、DBP、血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),血清HDL-C水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。实验组颈动脉斑块0-Ⅰ级的比例显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:口服高剂量阿托伐他汀(40 mg/d)联合阿司匹林肠溶片(100 mg/d)治疗原发性高血压并动脉粥样硬化较低剂量阿托伐他汀(20 mg/d)联合阿司匹林肠溶片(100 mg/d)疗效更好,可以有效降低血压,调节血脂并改善患者预后。     

强化阿托伐他汀治疗对ACS患者血脂水平的短期影响

目的:观察强化阿托伐他汀治疗对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血脂水平的短期影响。方法:收集100例ACS患者,入院当天(the day of admission,D0)、入院第一天(the first day,D1)及入院第二天(The Second Day,D2)分别给予阿托伐他汀80mg治疗,入院D0立即采血化验血脂参数包括总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低度脂蛋白(LDL-cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-cholesterol,HDL-C)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG),分别在D1和D2晨起空腹复查。结果:总胆固醇的平均基线水平为5.24±0.07(D0),低密度脂蛋白为3.26±0.07,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为1.07±0.07,甘油三酯为1.31±0.07。口服阿托伐他汀80毫克后第一天早晨,TC水平下降6.1%(D1)(与D0相比P0.001),第二日下降13.2%(D2)(与D0相比P0.001),LDL-C下降5.8%(D1)(DO与D1相比,P0.001)和15.6%(D2)(DO与D2相比,P0.001);HDL-C下降7.5%(D1)(DO与D1相比,P0.001)和12.1(D2)(DO与D2相比,P0.001);相反TG水平升高20.6%(D1)(DO与D1相比,P0.001)和25.5%(D2)(DO与D2相比,P0.001)。结论:强化他汀治疗对ACS患者血脂短期的影响与长期的影响是不同的,TC,LDL和HDL在短期内是下降的,而TG是升高的。     

Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Deficiency and CETP Inhibitors

Epidemiologic studies have shown that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a strong risk factor, whilst high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, strategies to manage dyslipidemia in an effort to prevent or treat CHD have primarily attempted at decreasing LDL-C and raising HDL-C levels. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the exchange of cholesteryl ester for triglycerides between HDL and VLDL and LDL. We have published the first report indicating that a group of Japanese patients who were lacking CETP had extremely high HDL-C levels, low LDL-C levels and a low incidence of CHD. Animal studies, as well as clinical and epidemiologic evidences, have suggested that inhibition of CETP provides an effective strategy to raise HDL-C and reduce LDL-C levels. Four CETP inhibitors have substantially increased HDL-C levels in dyslipidemic patients. This review will discuss the current status and future prospects of CETP inhibitors in the treatment of CHD. At present anacetrapib by Merck and evacetrapib by Eli Lilly are under development. By 100mg of anacetrapib HDL-C increased by 138%, and LDL-C decreased by 40%. Evacetrapib 500 mg also showed dramatic 132% increase of HDL-C, while LDL-C decreased by 40%. If larger, long-term, randomized, clinical end point trials could corroborate other findings in reducing atherosclerosis, CETP inhibitors could have a significant impact in the management of dyslipidemic CHD patients. Inhibition of CETP synthesis by antisense oligonucleotide or small molecules will produce more similar conditions to human CETP deficiency and may be effective in reducing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. We are expecting the final data of prospective clinical trials by CETP inhibitors in 2015.     

中西医结合治疗对T2DM合并CHD患者血糖、血脂及血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨中西医结合治疗对2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)患者血糖、血脂及血管内皮功能的影响。方法:将120例T2DM合并CHD患者上随机分为研究组与对照组各60例,在原饮食、运动疗法及降压、降糖治疗方案不变的条件下,对照组加用阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,研究组加用阿托伐他汀钙片与降脂通脉胶囊治疗。检测和比较两组治疗前后总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2h PBG)、一氧化氮(NO)及内皮素(CE)-1水平的变化。结果:两组治疗后FBG、2h PBG水平均较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),而组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后TG、TC、LDL-C水平均较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),HDL-C水平均较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),且研究组TG、TC、LDL-C水平显著低于对照组(P0.05),HDL-C水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清NO水平均较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),血清CE水平均较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),且研究组血清NO水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),血清CE水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗过程中均未见明显不良反应。结论:降脂通脉胶囊联合阿托伐他汀可显著改善T2DM合并CHD患者的血脂和血管内皮功能,但不会进一步降低血糖。     

High-dose atorvastatin causes a rapid sustained increase in human serum PCSK9 and disrupts its correlation with LDL cholesterol

Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. PCSK9 is secreted by the liver into the plasma and binds the hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR), causing its subsequent degradation. We first demonstrated that a moderate dose of atorvastatin (40 mg) increases PCSK9 serum levels, suggesting why increasing statin doses may have diminished efficacy with regard to further LDL-C lowering. Since that initial observation, at least two other groups have reported statin-induced PCSK9 increases. To date, no analysis of the effect of high-dose atorvastatin (80 mg) on PCSK9 over time has been conducted. Therefore, we studied the time course of atorvastatin (80 mg) in human subjects. We measured PCSK9 and lipid levels during a 2-week lead-in baseline period and every 4 weeks thereafter for 16 weeks. We observed that atorvastatin (80 mg) caused a rapid 47% increase in serum PCSK9 at 4 weeks that was sustained throughout 16 weeks of dosing. Importantly, while PCSK9 levels were highly correlated with total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, and triglyceride (TG) levels at baseline, atorvastatin (80 mg) completely abolished all of these correlations. Together, these results further suggest an explanation for why increasing doses of statins fail to achieve proportional LDL-C lowering.     

Influence of atorvastatin and carboxymethylated glucan on the serum lipoprotein profile and MMP activity of mice with lipemia induced by poloxamer 407

The effects of atorvastatin and carboxymethylated β-glucan (CMG) on the lipoprotein-cholesterol (LP-C) and lipoprotein-triglyceride (LP-TG) fractions and subfractions at the early stage of murine hyperlipidemia, and its pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects, were studied. Atorvastatin and CMG were administered in ICR male mice with acute lipemia induced with a single injection of poloxamer 407 (P-407). A novel small-angle X-ray scattering method for the determination of fractional and subfractional composition of LP-C and LP-TG was used. In P-407-treated animals, there was a drastic increase of total cholesterol and especially TG. Atorvastatin decreased both the total cholesterol and TG, but not to control levels. CMG primarily decreased TG and was not as potent as atorvastatin. P-407 increased atherogenic LDL-C (IDL-C and LDL(1-3)-C subfractions) and very low-density lipoprotein-C (VLDL-C) (VLDL(1-2)-C and VLDL(3-5)-C subfractions) fractions, with an increase of the total anti-atherogenic HDL-C fraction (HDL(2)-C subfraction). Atorvastatin treatment of lipemia was followed by a decrease in the total LP-C, total LDL-C (LDL(1-3)-C subfraction), and the LDL(1-3)-TG subfraction. Additionally, atorvastatin treatment resulted in an increase in the serum matrix metalloproteases activity both in control and P-407-treated mice. In general, high-dose atorvastatin therapy exerts its lipid-lowering and pleiotropic effects in the early stages of acute lipemia induced in mice by treatment with P-407.     

Differential effects of HDL subpopulations on cellular ABCA1- and SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux

Our objective was to evaluate the associations of individual apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-containing HDL subpopulation levels with ABCA1- and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. HDL subpopulations were measured by nondenaturing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from 105 male subjects selected with various levels of apoA-I in pre-beta-1, alpha-1, and alpha-3 HDL particles. ApoB-containing lipoprotein-depleted serum was incubated with [(3)H]cholesterol-labeled cells to measure efflux. The difference in efflux between control and ABCA1-upregulated J774 macrophages was taken as a measure of ABCA1-mediated efflux. SR-BI-mediated efflux was determined using cholesterol-labeled Fu5AH hepatoma cells. Fractional efflux values obtained from these two cell systems were correlated with the levels of individual HDL subpopulations. A multivariate analysis showed that two HDL subspecies correlated significantly with ABCA1-mediated efflux: small, lipid-poor pre-beta-1 particles (P=0.0022) and intermediate-sized alpha-2 particles (P=0.0477). With regard to SR-BI-mediated efflux, multivariate analysis revealed significant correlations with alpha-2 (P=0.0004), alpha-1 (P=0.0030), pre-beta-1 (P=0.0056), and alpha-3 (P=0.0127) HDL particles. These data demonstrate that the small, lipid-poor pre-beta-1 HDL has the strongest association with ABCA1-mediated cholesterol even in the presence of all other HDL subpopulations. Cholesterol efflux via the SR-BI pathway is associated with several HDL subpopulations with different apolipoprotein composition, lipid content, and size.     

Relations between particle size of HDL and LDL lipoproteins and cholesterol esterification rate

Particle size of low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins and cholesterol esterification rate in HDL plasma (FER(HDL)) are important independent predictors of coronary artery diseases (CAD). In this study we assessed the interrelations between these indicators and routinely examined plasma lipid parameters and plasma glucose concentrations. In 141 men, healthy volunteers, we examined plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL and LDL cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C) and HDL unesterified cholesterol (HDL-UC). Particle size distribution in HDL and LDL was assessed by gradient gel electrophoresis and FER(HDL) was estimated by radioassay. An effect of particle size and FER(HDL) on atherogenic indexes as the Log(TG/HDL-C) and TC/HDL-C was evaluated. Subjects in the study had plasma concentrations (mean +/- S.D.) of TC 5.2+/-0.9 mmol/l, HDL-C 1.2+/-0.3 mmol/l, TG 2.1+/-1.7 mmol/l, glucose 5+/-0.8 mmol/l. Relative concentration of HDL(2b) was 17.6+/-11.5 % and 14.6+/-11.8 % of HDL(3b,c). The mean diameter of LDL particles was 25.8+/-1.5 nm. The increase in FER(HDL) significantly correlated with the decrease in HDL(2b) and LDL particle size (r = -0.537 and -0.583, respectively, P<0.01) and the increase in HDL(3b,c) (0.473, P<0.01). Strong interrelations among TG and HDL-C or HDL-UC and FER(HDL) and particle size were found, but TC or LDL-C did not have such an effect. Atherogenic indexes Log(TG/HDL-C) and TC/HDL-C correlated with FER(HDL) (0.827 and 0.750, respectively, P<0.0001) and with HDL and LDL particle size.     

冠心病患者的血脂、胆红素、UA及Fib水平变化及临床意义

目的:研究冠心病(CHD)患者的血脂、胆红素、血尿酸(UA)及纤维蛋白原(Fib)水平变化及临床意义。方法:选取2014年4月到2015年4月我院收治的CHD患者110例(研究组),另选取同期健康体检者110例(对照组),检测两组受检者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、总胆固醇(TBIL)、UA以及Fib水平。结果:研究组TC、TG、LDL-C、UA以及Fib水平均显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组HDL-C、DBIL、IBIL以及TBIL均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血脂水平异常,胆红素水平降低,UA以及Fib水平增高与CHD的发病有关。     

阿托伐他汀联合依折麦布对冠心病患者氧化应激及血脂水平的影响

目的:探讨依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者氧化应激及血脂水平的影响及临床疗效。方法:选择2013年8月-2016年8月于我院接受治疗的冠心病患者144例,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组72例。对照组患者给予阿托伐他汀及硝酸甘油治疗,研究组患者给予阿托伐他汀和依折麦布治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醇(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平、心功能及临床疗效。结果:研究组患者临床总有效率(87.5%)效显著高于对照组(76.4%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者血清MDA及MPO水平均降低,而SOD水平均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后研究组患者血清MDA及MPO水平较低,而SOD水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清HDL-C水平均升高,而LDL-C,TC及TG水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后研究组患者血清HDL-C水平较高,而LDL-C,TC及TG水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后LVEDD及LVESD均降低,而LVEF均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗后LVEDD及LVESD较低,而LVEF较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病的临床疗效显著,能够降低患者血脂水平,改善氧化应激反应及心功能,值得临床推广应用。     

Intra-individual variation of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in prepubescent children

Estimates of the average intra-individual biological variability for plasma lipids and lipoproteins differs substantially among published studies. Moreover, this topic does not appear to have received consideration in exercise and health literature with normal, healthy children as subjects. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine the short-term, day-to-day variability of the lipid-lipoprotein profile from 19 children [mean (SD), 11.5 (0.8) years] from 3 separate venous blood samples. Intra-individual standard deviations, variances and coefficients of variance were determined for total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL-C sub-fractions HDL2 and HDL3, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). The intra-individual variation for TC and LDL-C was used to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP 1991) cut-off points. The main finding was that all of the measured blood analytes including TC, TG, HDL-C, HDL2, HDL3, and LDL-C varied considerably from day-to-day. Coefficients of total variation ranged from 3.5% for HDL3 to 25.4% for TG. Classification of individuals using NCEP guidelines was difficult based on only one or two blood samples. The magnitude of variation for LDL-C meant that a 95% CI could not be constructed around the NCEP borderline-high classification from either one or two samples. However, averaging three TC and LDL-C measurements increased the likelihood of classification within the 95% CI. The results indicate that when using the NCEP guidelines for children and adolescents, true concentrations for TC and LDL-C should be based on the mean of multiple samples.     

Role of LCAT in HDL remodeling: investigation of LCAT deficiency states

To better understand the role of LCAT in HDL metabolism, we compared HDL subpopulations in subjects with homozygous (n = 11) and heterozygous (n = 11) LCAT deficiency with controls (n = 22). Distribution and concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-, apoA-II-, apoA-IV-, apoC-I-, apoC-III-, and apoE-containing HDL subpopulations were assessed. Compared with controls, homozygotes and heterozygotes had lower LCAT masses (-77% and -13%), and LCAT activities (-99% and -39%), respectively. In homozygotes, the majority of apoA-I was found in small, disc-shaped, poorly lipidated prebeta-1 and alpha-4 HDL particles, and some apoA-I was found in larger, lipid-poor, discoidal HDL particles with alpha-mobility. No apoC-I-containing HDL was noted, and all apoA-II and apoC-III was detected in lipid-poor, prebeta-mobility particles. ApoE-containing particles were more disperse than normal. ApoA-IV-containing particles were normal. Heterozygotes had profiles similar to controls, except that apoC-III was found only in small HDL with prebeta-mobility. Our data are consistent with the concepts that LCAT activity: 1) is essential for developing large, spherical, apoA-I-containing HDL and for the formation of normal-sized apoC-I and apoC-III HDL; and 2) has little affect on the conversion of prebeta-1 into alpha-4 HDL, only slight effects on apoE HDL, and no effect on apoA-IV HDL particles.     

川芎嗪注射液对冠心病心绞痛患者血脂相关指标的影响及其临床疗效分析

目的:探讨川芎嗪注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法:选择2014年5月-2016年5月在我院接受治疗的冠心病心绞痛患者79例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(37例)和研究组(42例)。对照组患者给予常规治疗,研究组患者在对照组基础上给予川芎嗪注射液治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果:治疗前,两组患者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,研究组患者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者治疗总有效率(92.86%)高于对照组(81.08%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:川芎嗪注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效显著,能够降低血脂相关指标水平,改善临床症状,值得临床推广应用。     

Effect of diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide, on plasma lipid constituents in experimental animals

There has been increasing interest in studying the various effects of organophosphate insecticides in humans and experimental animals. Only a few data are available on the effect of the organophosphate insecticide, diazinon, on lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diazinon on plasma lipid constituents in mammalian animals. The plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and phospholipids (PL) were measured in albino rats that were orally treated with a single dose of diazinon at a level of LD(50) or with repeated daily doses at the levels of 1/2, 1/8, and 1/32 LD(50) for 2, 8, and 32 days, respectively. After a 24 h post-treatment with a single LD(50) dose of diazinon, TC was not significantly changed, the HDL-C and PL levels were significantly decreased, but the LDL-C and TG levels were significantly increased. Separate daily oral administrations of diazinon at 1/2 LD(50), 1/8 LD(50), and 1/32 LD(50) doses resulted in a significant decrease in HDL-C and PL, with no significant change in TG. The LDL-C levels were significantly increased and TC showed no significant change with 1/2 LD(50) and 1/32 LD(50) doses of diazinon, whereas a significant decrease in the levels of TC, HDL-C, as well as LDL-C, was observed with the 1/8 LD(50) dose. These data suggest that diazinon may interfere with lipid metabolism in mammals.     

瑞舒伐他汀钙对冠心病合并高脂血症患者血清hs-CRP及颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的:分析不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗冠心病合并高脂血症患者的临床效果以及对患者血清hs-CRP和颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的影响。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受治疗的冠心病合并高脂血症患者203例,根据用药剂量不同将其分为小剂量组(70例)、中剂量组(64例)及大剂量组(69例),分别采用口服瑞舒伐他汀钙5 mg/次/日、10 mg/次/日和20 mg/次/日进行治疗。观察并比较三组患者治疗前后血脂(TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C)、血清hs-CRP及IMT的变化情况。结果:治疗前,三组患者血清hs-CRP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C以及IMT值比较,差别均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,三组患者血清hs-CRP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C以及IMT值均较治疗前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);大剂量瑞舒伐他汀钙组患者血清hs-CRP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C以及IMT值显著低于中剂量组和小剂量组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);中剂量组患者血清hs-CRP,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C以及IMT值显著低于小剂量组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:瑞舒伐他汀钙能够改善冠心病合并高脂血症患者的血脂水平、降低血清hs-CRP及IMT,并且其疗效与药物剂量存在量效关系。