白藜芦醇通过上调SIRT1/RUNX2表达促进多发性骨髓瘤病人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化

骨髓瘤骨病(myeloma bone disease,MBD)是多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)最主要的并发症之一.骨髓瘤骨病骨损伤发生的病因是肿瘤细胞浸润以及骨髓微环境改变等因素导致的破骨细胞活化和成骨细胞抑制.骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell...     

Evidences of Early Senescence in Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Background

In multiple myeloma, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells support myeloma cell growth. Previous studies have suggested that direct and indirect interactions between malignant cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells result in constitutive abnormalities in the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

Design and Methods

The aims of this study were to investigate the constitutive abnormalities in myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and to evaluate the impact of new treatments.

Results

We demonstrated that myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells have an increased expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, increased cell size, reduced proliferation capacity and characteristic expression of senescence-associated secretory profile members. We also observed a reduction in osteoblastogenic capacity and immunomodulatory activity and an increase in hematopoietic support capacity. Finally, we determined that current treatments were able to partially reduce some abnormalities in secreted factors, proliferation and osteoblastogenesis.

Conclusions

We showed that myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells have an early senescent profile with profound alterations in their characteristics. This senescent state most likely participates in disease progression and relapse by altering the tumor microenvironment.     

Proliferative and Differentiation Potential of Individual Clones Derived from Bone Marrow Stromal Precursor Cells

We present the results of a study on the proliferative and differentiation potential of individual clones of stromal fibroblasts growing in monolayer cultures of bone marrow cells. Each precursor cell yielding a large colony in primary culture is capable of up to 34 doublings in vitro. The transplantation of clones or monoclonal strains of stromal fibroblasts into the open system results in the formation of microenvironment consisting of the bone and reticular tissue and is suitable for the differentiation of all three lines of hemopoiesis. Evidence has been obtained that, in a closed system, individual clones are capable of differentiation into the bone, cartilaginous, and reticular tissues. In other words, the adult organism has a common cell precursor for these tissues.     

骨髓间充质干细胞过表达IL-10基因对脓毒症的治疗作用

脓毒症是近年来的医学难题之一,迫切需要探讨新的治疗手段．以往研究发现,骨髓间充质干细胞具有免疫调节作用,免疫细胞因子白介素10(IL-10)是细胞因子分泌的抑制因子,具有很好的抗炎作用．因此构建了携带小鼠IL-10(mIL-10)的腺病毒载体,用它来感染骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC),并通过载体上的绿色荧光蛋白来筛选过表达mIL-10基因的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC-mIL-10)．随后,运用盲肠结扎穿孔法在小鼠体内建立脓毒症模型,并观察BMSC-mIL-10在脓毒症中的治疗作用．研究发现,和单纯BMSC治疗组相比,BMSC-mIL-10可以明显降低脓毒症老鼠体内炎症因子的产生,这包括TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1α和 IL-1β等,同时,BMSC-mIL-10治疗组小鼠的肺部和肾脏炎症反应减轻,体重丢失下降,死亡率明显降低．为进一步探讨BMSC-mIL-10治疗机制,运用Western blot和免疫荧光染色方法发现BMSC-mIL-10组上清液可以抑制巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞中LPS引起的NF-κB的激活．上述结果表明,骨髓间充质干细胞过表达IL-10有望成为脓毒症治疗的潜在手段之一．     

阿司匹林对体外培养骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响

目的：探讨阿司匹林对骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响。方法：培养SD大鼠骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）,传代3次后进行成骨诱导分化,诱导培养基中加入不同浓度阿司匹林（0.5、1、2、5、10mmol/L）,同时设立对照组。采用cck-8法分析细胞增殖情况。比较阿司匹林组与对照组在细胞碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性、骨钙素（OC）分泌量、钙结节染色等方面的成骨性差异。结果：阿司匹林无促进细胞增殖活性,而高浓度阿司匹林能够强烈抑制细胞增殖。0.5、1、2mmol/L浓度阿司匹林可促进BMSCs的成骨性分化,中低浓度组碱性磷酸酶含量、骨钙素分泌量在不同阶段显著高于对照组。14天茜素红染色可见中低浓度组钙结节数量高于对照组。结论：中低浓度阿司匹林作用于骨髓基质细胞可促进其成骨细胞特性表达,这表明阿司匹林有促进骨代谢合成的作用。     

阿司匹林对体外培养骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响

目的:探讨阿司匹林对骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的影响。方法:培养SD大鼠骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs),传代3次后进行成骨诱导分化,诱导培养基中加入不同浓度阿司匹林(0.5、1、2、5、10mmol/L),同时设立对照组。采用cck-8法分析细胞增殖情况。比较阿司匹林组与对照组在细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、骨钙素(OC)分泌量、钙结节染色等方面的成骨性差异。结果:阿司匹林无促进细胞增殖活性,而高浓度阿司匹林能够强烈抑制细胞增殖。0.5、1、2mmol/L浓度阿司匹林可促进BMSCs的成骨性分化,中低浓度组碱性磷酸酶含量、骨钙素分泌量在不同阶段显著高于对照组。14天茜素红染色可见中低浓度组钙结节数量高于对照组。结论:中低浓度阿司匹林作用于骨髓基质细胞可促进其成骨细胞特性表达,这表明阿司匹林有促进骨代谢合成的作用。     

造血负调控因子对骨髓基质细胞的调控作用

目的:探讨血小板第4因子(platelet factor 4,PF4)对急性辐射损伤人骨髓基质细胞(human bone marrow stromal cells,hBMSCs)的保护作用及机理,揭示PF4对造血系统辐射保护机制.方法:原代培养的hBMSCs随机分为4组:①PF4+照射组(P+I),②PF4保护组(P),③单纯照射组(I),④正常对照组(N).照射前给予1μ g·mL-1PF4或等量PBS预孵育12h,5.0 Gy60Co-γ射线均匀照射,20 h后收集各组细胞.MTT法测定细胞活性,观察细胞生长状态,流式细胞术检测细胞周期.RT-PCR测定P21、PCNAmRNA表达.结果:①PF4对人正常骨髓基质细胞生长无明显抑制或促进作用;②与I组相比,PF4明显提高5.0Gy60Co-γ射线照射后骨髓基质细胞的存活率,存活细胞达60%以上(I组<40%);③与N组和I组相比,P组和P+I组S期比例显著增高有统计学意义(P<0.001),但P组与P+I组相比无统计学差异;④RT-PCR结果显示,I组(+0.84±0.03)P21 mRNA表达较之N组(0.00±0.00)显著上调(P<0.01);而与I组相比,P组(+0.17±0.09)P21 mRNA表达显著下调(P<0.05 ).结论:PF4具有减轻电离辐射对人骨髓基质细胞的损伤作用,其调控机理可能与S期阻滞和下调P21基因表达有关.     

骨髓基质细胞的分离、鉴定以及TH基因的转染与表达

目的是探索骨髓基质细胞的分离培养、鉴定及其接受并表达TH基因的能力。实验中通过密度梯度离心法成功地从成年SD大鼠骨髓中分离获得了骨髓基质干细胞 ,并用流式细胞仪对其进行鉴定 ,纯度可达 75 %。进一步采用复制缺陷型腺相关病毒载体介导的基因转染方法 ,将之改造成为携带lacZ与TH基因的工程细胞 ,经X gal染色和TH免疫组化检测 ,转染效率为 (74 .6± 19.4 ) %。实验结果表明骨髓基质细胞易于接受并表达外源基因 ,有望作为运载细胞应用于帕金森病的基因治疗。     

Proline-Rich Hypothalamic Polypeptide Has Opposite Effects on the Proliferation of Human Normal Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Human Giant-cell Tumour Stromal Cells

In the present study we carried out experiments in vitro and in vivo and investigated the effect of proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) on the proliferation and effectiveness of colony formation of MMSCs in vitro. Various routes and doses of PRP administration to rats increased the number of MMSCs in bone marrow and spleen. Our research revealed opposite effects of PRP on the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells obtained from normal humans and stromal cells isolated from a human giant-cell tumour.     

Alkylating Damage by Dipin of Hematopoietic and Stromal Cells of the Bone Marrow

Effect of alkylating agent dipin was studied on hematopoietic (CFU-S) and stromal (CFU-F) progenitor cells. Single administration of dipin (0.06 mg/g) to adult (CBA × C57Bl/6) F1 hybrid mice induced a long-term (2 years) oscillations in the numbers of day 7 CFU-S and day 11 CFU-S in the bone marrow and spleen. Dipin also damaged the hematopoietic stroma as indicated by decreased numbers of CFU-F which remained low for at least a year. The capacity of stromal cells to form ectopic hematopoietic foci was considerably decreased and also remained low for 10 months. The obtained data suggest high dipin sensitivity of the earliest hematopoietic and stromal cells. The dynamics of CFU-S numbers in the hematopoietic organs supports their functioning on the basis of clonal succession (Kay, 1965).__________Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Biologicheskaya, No. 3, 2005, pp. 267–272.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Domaratskaya, Bueverova, Payushina, Starostin.     

猪骨髓基质干细胞低温生物学渗透特性的研究

以猪为材料利用细胞计数仪法研究了骨髓基质干细胞的渗透特性,包括细胞的等渗体积、低渗或高渗溶液中细胞的平衡体积及细胞的不可渗体积.结果表明,在等渗条件下,骨髓基质干细胞的平均体积为5248.4μm~3,相当直径d为21.6μm;细胞体积随溶液渗透压的变化规律符合Boyle van’t Hoff关系式,据此得到猪骨髓基质干细胞的不可渗体积V_b=0.36Vi,为1902.5μm~3.     

Dimethyloxaloylglycine Improves Angiogenic Activity of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Tissue-Engineered Bone

One of the big challenges in tissue engineering for treating large bone defects is to promote the angiogenesis of the tissue-engineered bone. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during bone regeneration, and can activate a broad array of angiogenic factors. Dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) can activate HIF-1α expression in cells at normal oxygen tension. In this study, we explored the effect of DMOG on the angiogenic activity of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the tissue-engineered bone. The effect of different concentrations of DMOG on HIF-1a expression in BMSCs was detected with western blotting, and the mRNA expression and secretion of related angiogenic factors in DMOG-treated BMSCs were respectively analyzed using qRT-PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The tissue-engineered bone constructed with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and DMOG-treated BMSCs were implanted into the critical-sized calvarial defects to test the effectiveness of DMOG in improving the angiogenic activity of BMSCs in the tissue-engineered bone. The results showed DMOG significantly enhanced the mRNA expression and secretion of related angiogenic factors in BMSCs by activating the expression of HIF-1α. More newly formed blood vessels were observed in the group treated with β-TCP and DMOG-treated BMSCs than in other groups. And there were also more bone regeneration in the group treated with β-TCP and DMOG-treated BMSCs. Therefore, we believed DMOG could enhance the angiogenic activity of BMSCs by activating the expression of HIF-1α, thereby improve the angiogenesis of the tissue-engineered bone and its bone healing capacity.     

PDL1 Expression on Plasma and Dendritic Cells in Myeloma Bone Marrow Suggests Benefit of Targeted anti PD1-PDL1 Therapy

In this study we set out to investigate whether anti PDL1 or PD–1 treatment targeting the immune system could be used against multiple myeloma. DCs are important in regulating T cell responses against tumors. We therefore determined PDL1 and PDL2 expression on DC populations in bone marrow of patients with plasma cell disorders using multicolour Flow Cytometry. We specifically looked at CD141⁺ and CD141^- myeloid and CD303⁺ plasmacytoid DC. The majority of plasma cells (PC) and DC subpopulations expressed PDL1, but the proportion of positive PDL1+ cells varied among patients. A correlation between the proportion of PDL1⁺ PC and CD141⁺ mDC was found, suggesting both cell types could down-regulate the anti-tumor T cell response.     

Neuritin诱导大鼠骨髓基质细胞分化为神经元样细胞的电生理研究

目的:探讨神经营养因子Neuritin诱导大鼠骨髓基质细胞分化为神经元样细胞的电生理特性.方法:应用膜片钳技术,采用全细胞记录方式,对由Neuritin诱导的大鼠骨髓基质细胞进行诱导前后的电生理功能测定.结果:分化后的神经元样细胞较诱导前细胞的膜特性[静息膜电位(RMP)膜电容(Cm)串联电阻值(RS)]有了显著改变(p＜0.01).分化后细胞记录到K+电流,包括两种成分:外向延迟整流K+电流和内向整流K+电流.结论:骨髓基质细胞经过Neuritin诱导能够向功能性神经元方向分化.     

Adenoviral Mediated Expression of BMP2 by Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Cultured in 3D Copolymer Scaffolds Enhances Bone Formation

Selection of appropriate osteoinductive growth factors, suitable delivery method and proper supportive scaffold are critical for a successful outcome in bone tissue engineering using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). This study examined the molecular and functional effect of a combination of adenoviral mediated expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in BMSC and recently developed and characterized, biodegradable Poly(L-lactide-co-є-caprolactone){poly(LLA-co-CL)}scaffolds in osteogenic molecular changes and ectopic bone formation by using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Pathway-focused custom PCR array, validation using TaqMan based quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ALP staining showed significant up-regulation of several osteogenic and angiogenic molecules, including ALPL and RUNX2 in ad-BMP2 BMSC group grown in poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds both at 3 and 14 days. Micro CT and histological analyses of the subcutaneously implanted scaffolds in NOD/SCID mice revealed significantly increased radiopaque areas, percentage bone volume and formation of vital bone in ad-BMP2 scaffolds as compared to the control groups both at 2 and 8 weeks. The increased bone formation in the ad-BMP2 group in vivo was paralleled at the molecular level with concomitant over-expression of a number of osteogenic and angiogenic genes including ALPL, RUNX2, SPP1, ANGPT1. The increased bone formation in ad-BMP2 explants was not found to be associated with enhanced endochondral activity as evidenced by qRT-PCR (SOX9 and FGF2) and Safranin O staining. Taken together, combination of adenoviral mediated BMP-2 expression in BMSC grown in the newly developed poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds induced expression of osteogenic markers and enhanced bone formation in vivo.     

Abnormal IGF-Binding Protein Profile in the Bone Marrow of Multiple Myeloma Patients

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling plays a key role in homing, progression, and treatment resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). In the extracellular environment, the majority of IGF molecules are bound to one of six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP1-6), leaving a minor fraction of total IGF free and accessible for receptor activation. In MM, high IGF-receptor type 1 expression levels correlate with a poor prognosis, but the status and role of IGF and IGFBPs in the pathobiology of MM is unknown. Here we measured total IGF1, IGF2, and intact IGFBP levels in blood and bone marrow samples from MM (n = 17), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (n = 37), and control individuals (n = 15), using ELISA (IGFs) and ¹²⁵I-IGF1 Western Ligand Blotting (IGFBPs). MGUS and MM patients displayed a significant increase in intact IGFBP-2 (2.5–3.8 fold) and decrease in intact IGFBP-3 (0.6–0.5 fold) in the circulation compared to control individuals. Further, IGFBP-2 as well as total IGFBP levels were significantly lower in bone marrow compared to circulation in MM and MGUS only, whereas IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP-3 were equally distributed between the two compartments. In conclusion, the profound change in IGFBP profile strongly suggests an increased IGF bioavailability in the bone marrow microenvironment in MGUS and MM, despite no change in growth factor concentration.     

Effect of Boron on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been well established as an ideal source of cell-based therapy for bone tissue engineering applications. Boron (B) is a notable trace element in humans; so far, the effects of boron on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs have not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of boron (0, 1, 10,100, and 1,000?ng/ml) on osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs. In this study, BMSCs proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, and cell osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Von Kossa staining, and real-time PCR. The results indicated that the proliferation of BMSCs was no different from the control group when added with B at the concentration of 1, 10, and 100?ng/ml respectively (P?>?0.05); in contrast, 1,000?ng/ml B inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs at days?4, 7, and 14 (P?相似文献   

Effects of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-conditioned Medium on Primary Cultures of Peripheral Nerve Tissues and Cells

Implantation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) produces an improved functional outcome of peripheral nerve repair. In this study, rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants, rat DRG neurons, and rat Schwann cells (SCs) were treated with monkey MSC-conditioned medium, respectively, and then subjected to MTT assay, Bromodeoxyuridine/Hoechst 33342 double staining, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot analysis, respectively. The results showed that MSC-conditioned medium enhanced axon growth and neurogenesis in cultured DRG explants, augmented cell survival of and expression of NF and GAP-43 by cultured DRG neurons, promoted cell survival and proliferation of cultured SCs, and increased the expression of NGF, BDNF, and bFGF in cultured SCs. We also found that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 pathway was involved in the enhanced cell proliferation of SCs evoked by MSC-conditioned medium. The data of this study might help the understanding of MSCs-based treatment for peripheral nerve repair.     

银杏内酯B 诱导大鼠骨髓间充质细胞分化为神经元样细胞的电生理研究

目的:研究银杏内酯B(GB)诱导大鼠骨髓间充质细胞(MSCs)分化为神经元样细胞的电生理特性。方法:应用膜片钳技术,采用全细胞记录方式,对由GB诱导的大鼠MSCs进行诱导前后的电生理功能测定。结果:分化后的神经元样细胞较诱导前细胞的膜特性有了显著改变(P<0.05)。结论:大鼠MSCs经过GB诱导能够向功能性神经元方向分化。