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S. G. Inge-Vechtomov 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2006,42(4):459-459
Chronicle
Mark Leonidovich Bel’govskii (March 20, 1906–April 15, 1959) 相似文献4.
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《Biodemography and social biology》2013,59(3):199-204
Abstract A method is presented for the analysis of deviations from random mating. Kinship, demographic, social, and spatial characteristics observed among married couples have been compared with the distributions expected if mates were chosen at random from all possible pairs of mates. This procedure has been used to investigate both failure to mate and patterns of assortative mating for cohorts born on Sanday, Orkney Islands, between 1885 and 1924. Differences in mating opportunity were observed. The 315 males who eventually married on the island differed from the 446 never‐married males in birth order and sibship size as well as geographic and kinship “distances” measured between ego and all females available for marriage. Comparison of wives with the potential mates of married males indicated that mating was assortative with respect to kinship, demographic, social, and geographic characteristics. Further implications of this nonrandom pattern of mate choice are discussed and application of this method to other populations suggested. 相似文献
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The timely characterization of high-altitude freshwater habitats allows an assessment of the diversity of its biota and provides the basis for monitoring community change. In this study, we investigate the Cladocera fauna of 29 water bodies (pools, freshwater lakes, and surrounding swamps sampled at various occasions between 2005 and 2009) in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda, D. R. Congo), which are part of the East African Sky Island Complex. All sites except one are located above 3700 m altitude. We include notes on the morphology, taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of each recorded taxon and describe a new species of the Alona rustica-group (Alona sphagnophila n.sp.; Chydoridae). We found 11 species of which seven are restricted to Lake Mahoma, the lowest lake in our study area (2990 m) (Alona affinis barbata, A. intermedia, Alonella exisa, Alonella nana, Daphnia cf. obtusa, Pleuroxus aduncus) and/or Lake Bujuku (Daphnia cf. curvirostris, P. aduncus) (3900 m). Two taxa (Ilyocryptus cf. gouldeni, A. sphagnophila n.sp.) are restricted to Carex/Sphagnum bogs surrounding lakes in the afroalpine zone. Pigmented populations of Chydorus cf. sphaericus occur in all the sites. It is the only cladoceran species surviving the extreme alpine and nival conditions in the Rwenzori. The species is joined by A. guttata at locations at lower altitudes (ca. 3000–4000 m), present in about half of the sites. The Rwenzori Cladocera fauna is characterized by a strong extratropical temperate component and a low level of speciation/endemism. Harboring an impoverished boreal cladoceran community, Lake Mahoma is given closer attention. At 2990 m, the lake is a cold-temperate aquatic island in the tropics and may function as a stepping stone for Palaearctic taxa. We introduce a new term for high-altitude, cold-water habitats in the tropics, which act as climatic islands for extratropical freshwater faunas, Löffler Islands, in honor of Dr Heinz Löffler. In comparison to surveys in 1961, we list five new records in Lake Mahoma, which could indicate cladoceran community changes over the past few decades at ca. 3000 m in the Rwenzori. Since the species distributions correlate to temperature and catchment properties of the lakes, the Rwenzori cladoceran fauna can be expected as sensitive indicators for local changes. 相似文献
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James Tabery 《Journal of the history of biology》2008,41(4):717-761
This essay examines the origin(s) of genotype–environment interaction, or G × E. “Origin(s)” and not “the origin” because the thesis is that there were actually two distinct concepts of G × E at this beginning: a
biometric concept, or G × EB, and a developmental concept, or G × ED. R. A. Fisher, one of the founders of population genetics and the creator of the statistical analysis of variance, introduced
the biometric concept as he attempted to resolve one of the main problems in the biometric tradition of biology – partitioning
the relative contributions of nature and nurture responsible for variation in a population. Lancelot Hogben, an experimental
embryologist and also a statistician, introduced the developmental concept as he attempted to resolve one of the main problems
in the developmental tradition of biology – determining the role that developmental relationships between genotype and environment
played in the generation of variation. To argue for this thesis, I outline Fisher and Hogben’s separate routes to their respective
concepts of G × E; then these separate interpretations of G × E are drawn on to explicate a debate between Fisher and Hogben
over the importance of G × E, the first installment of a persistent controversy. Finally, Fisher’s G × EB and Hogben’s G × ED are traced beyond their own work into mid-20th century population and developmental genetics, and then into the infamous
IQ Controversy of the 1970s. 相似文献
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