若尔盖地区22000年以来的植被与气候

若尔盖ＲＭ孔上部６３７ｃｍ的花粉分析研究表明,在２２０００－１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．植被以高山草甸和荒漠草原为主,气候较现在寒冷干燥;１８０００－１３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．,主要是高山、亚高山草甸,出现亚高山灌丛,气温趋于升高,但仍干燥;１３０００－１１０００ａＢ．Ｐ．,植被以亚高山禾草草甸为主;亚高山灌丛发展,可能已出现亚高山常绿针叶林,气温进一步上升,到后期已接近现在,湿度有所增加;１１０００－７０００     

西藏两个小湖高分辨率的花粉记录

西藏东南部封闭湖泊高分辨率的花粉记录反映,在１６ ｋａ ＢＰ以前花粉组合以藜科（Ｃｈｅｎｏｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ） 和蒿属（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ） 为主,花粉浓度很低,应为荒漠草原植被。当时气候寒冷干燥,１ 、７ 月份和年均温分别低于现在当地７ ～１０ ℃,０．５～１．５ ℃和４～６ ℃。年降水量仅２５０ ｍｍ 是现今当地年降水量的４０ ％ ;１２ ｋａ ＢＰ以后气温和降水逐渐增加,出现木本植物花粉,桦属（ Ｂｅｔｕｌａ） 和松属（ Ｐｉｎｕｓ）等,在９ ．２～５ ｋａ ＢＰ发育森林或森林草甸;８～６ ｋａ ＢＰ是研究区气候最适宜期,１、７ 月份气温均高于现在２～３ ℃,年降水量比现在当地高１００ ｍｍ 左右;５．５ ｋａ ＢＰ以后气温和降水呈非线性下降,主要发育草原植被,直至现在     

青海海北地区高山嵩草草甸植物群落生物量动态及能量分配

对青海海北地区高山草甸主要植物群落小嵩草（Ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍａｅａ）草甸、矮嵩草（Ｋ．ｈｕｍｉｌｉｓ）草甸、藏嵩草（Ｋ．ｔｉｂｅｔｉｃａ）沼泽化草甸地上生物量动态和能量分配的研究结果表明,不同植物群落年地上净生产量及其年际动态和主要植物类群生物量季节动态具明显的差异,其生物量季节动态可由如下模型表示：Ｗｉ＝Ｋｉ／（１＋ｅｘｐ（Ａｉ－Ｂｉｔ））植物群落地上、地下生物量的垂直分布呈典型的金字塔和倒金字塔模式。小嵩草草甸、矮嵩草草甸和藏嵩草沼泽化草甸的地上净生产量依次为３６８．４ｇｍ－２ａ－１、４１８．５ｇｍ－２ａ－１和５１８．４ｇｍ－２ａ－１,所固定的太阳能值依次为６６５５．１６ｋＪｍ－２ａ－１、７６１０．０９ｋＪｍ－２ａ－１、９４８８．７７ｋＪｍ－２ａ－１。光能利用率分别为０．１０９７％、０．１２５６％、０．１５６８％。     

青海海北地区高山蒿草草甸植物群落的结构特征及其分布格局

对高山草甸主要植物群落结构特征及其分布格局的研究结果表明,矮嵩草草甸植物群落的丰富度最大,隶属１８科,４３属４５种,呈多优势种植物群落;小嵩草草甸居中,隶属１１科,３０属３５种,小嵩草（Ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍａｅａ）为优势种;藏嵩草沼泽化草甸最小,隶属９科,２１属２３种,藏嵩草（Ｋ．ｔｉｂｅｔｉｃａ）为优势种。其中,有９个种群为３个群落中的共有种,分别占矮嵩草草甸、小嵩草草甸和藏嵩草沼泽化草甸总种数的２０．００％、２５．７１％和３９．１３％。它们在水分资源位上的生态位宽度较大。３个植物群落类型的种－面积关系呈对数曲线分布,群落的最小样方面积为０．２５ｍ２或０．５ｍ２较适宜。种－多度分布呈对数正态分布,其分布模型的表达式如下：Ｓ（Ｒ）＝Ｓ０ｅ－（ａ２Ｒ     

四川冕宁地区一万年来的植被与环境演变

依据彝海洼地钻孔高分辨率的孢粉时间序列,探讨了安宁河谷近１０Ｋａ来的古植被及古环境变迁。本区全新世大暖期以山毛榉科花粉连续的大量出现为标志,时间为８．８－２．６ＫＢＰ,前期温暖湿润,后期温热半湿,且冬季干旱化。气候被动明显存在３．５Ｋａ,１Ｋａ及０．２５Ｋａ的准周期。近３Ｋａ年来气候经历了两次大的干湿冷暖变化,可划分为四个气候期,基本为凉湿暖干的组合型式,降水量的变化与南极有可比性。     

腾格里沙漠晚更新世孢粉植物群与气候环境演变

根据腾格里沙漠断头梁人工开挖剖面距今约４２０００～２３０００ａＢＰ（晚更新世）的孢粉分析结果,可将该期植被和气候演化划分为５个阶段（组合带）：阶段Ⅰ,约４２０００～３８０００ａＢＰ,此段孢粉组合特征显示出,在现今为戈壁荒漠的山地丘陵上,当时发育着针阔混交林,在古湖边缘上发育着杨柳林和草原,气候较温暖湿润;阶段Ⅱ,约３８０００～３１０００ａＢＰ,气候温暖湿润,地带性植被为以温带、暖温带阔叶林为主的针阔混交林,湖畔河边发育着草甸植被;阶段Ⅲ,约３１０００～３００００ａＢＰ,为针叶林和寒温性高山柳丛大发展时期,气候寒温,为一冷期;阶段Ⅳ,约３００００～２８０００ａＢＰ,为冷期过后的升温期,也是湖面扩大期,孢粉组合中藻类含量高,为草甸和沼泽植被;阶段Ⅴ,２８０００～２３０００ａＢＰ,孢粉组合显示出丘陵山地上发育温带柏和桦为主的针阔混交林,平原上生长着草原植被,湖畔、河边有柳林分布,气候较温暖湿润,但较阶段Ⅰ略干。此剖面孢粉组合所反映的气候变化特征与古里雅及格陵兰冰芯δ１８Ｏ所记录的同期气候变化特征具有良好的可比性。     

11000年以来太湖地区的植被与气候变化

根据太湖盆地３个钻孔、约自１１０００年以来的孢粉分析结果将其划分为３个阶段：１）１１０００—９０００ａＢ．Ｐ,该段虽以Ｐｉｎｕｓ为主的针叶植物占有一定的优势,但起主导作用的仍以壳斗科为主的阔叶乔木种类,尤其是其间尚含有不少的亚热带成分,推测当时该区地带性植被已为亚热带落叶常绿阔叶林,鉴于植被中尚含有少量耐寒的Ａｂｉｅｓ和Ｐｉｃｅａ,推测当时气温可能较今略低;２）９０００—５０００（５４００）ａＢ．Ｐ,该段为常绿阔叶林大发展时期,气候温暖适宜,为全新世最佳期,气温约较今高１—２Ｃ;３）５０００？ａＢ．Ｐ．－现在,孢粉组合特征显示,阔叶木本植物就总的来说呈下降趋势,尤其是亚热带成分,与其相反,针叶和一些暖温带成分的含量则略有上升,表明该段气温较前一阶段有所下降,但该阶段的植被受人类活动的影响较大。     

β-淀粉样蛋白31-35片段对海马神经元分离膜片Ca~(2 )激活大电导钾通道的抑制

为了确定β－淀粉样蛋白（ＡβＰ）在影响神经元电生理特性并导致神经毒作用时的最短活性序列，实验采用膜片钳技术，在急性分离的大鼠海马ＣＡＩ区锥体细胞的“内面向外”式膜片上，观察了ＡβＰＲ的３１－３５和２５－３５片段对Ｃａ２＋激活大电导钾（ＢＫ）通道活动的影响。结果显示，浴液中给予 ５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡβＰ ３１－３５后，ＢＫ通道的平均开放概率（Ｐｏ）和开放频率在１～３ｍｉｎ内分别减少了８５．８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和７２．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；平均开放时间减少了４１．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；平均电流幅度则无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）；给子同样摩尔浓度的ＡβＰ　２５－３５后，ＢＫ通道平均Ｐｏ减少了８５．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１），平均开放时间减少了５１．４％，（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示，两种ＡβＰ片段对海马神经元ＢＫ通道具有抑制作用，这可能与ＡβＰ的神经毒性作用有关；ＡβＰ３１－３５片段可能是ＡβＰ分子中影响细胞电生理特性的最小活性序列。     

晚更新世晚期以来昆仑山垭口区的植被与环境

昆仑山垭口区小南川剖面和雪水河热水剖面的孢粉分析揭示了该区４４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来的植被演替和气候变化。４００００ａＢ．Ｐ．前,推测昆仑山垭口区为典型的灌木荒漠植被,气候极端干燥。４００００－３００００ａＢ．Ｐ．,气候稍有好转。３００００－２４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为草原荒漠,降水增加。２４０００－１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为末次冰期极盛期,气候干冷。１８０００－１３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候凉偏干。１３０００－８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候凉干。８０００－６０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为全新世温暖期,但由于植被的滞后现象,本区仍为草原荒漠景观。６０００－５０００ａＢ．Ｐ．,本区可能也存在着中全新世的降温事件。５０００－３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．在全新世大暖期的影响下,小南川附近的植被演变成温性草原植被,并有人类的放牧活动。３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以后,气候变凉,草原迅速地演变为灌木和小乔木荒漠植被,其中３０００－１０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为凉干时期,１０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以后,可能有过一段凉湿时期。     

抗脂多糖单克隆抗体特性及纯化的研究

用Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ０１１１：Ｂ４死菌体及其脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,取其脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０细胞融合获得６株稳定分泌抗ＬＰＳ特异性单克隆抗体细胞株,其中一株为ＩｇＧ２ａ类,５株为ＩｇＭ类,轻链均为Ｋ型;染色体数目为９０－９８条;５株ＩｇＭ类单克隆抗体识别５种不同的抗原表位;相对亲和力在１０~８～１０~（１０）之间;１Ｂ１２单抗经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０纯化后,经还原性ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示只有７０ＫＤ的重键和２５ＫＤ的轻链。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.