The Heavy Metal Content of Wild Edible Mushroom Samples Collected in Canakkale Province,Turkey

In this study, concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were determined in three edible mushroom species (Lactarius deliciosus, Russula delica, and Rhizopogon roseolus) collected in five sampling sites in Canakkale province, Turkey. Mean values of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 0.72, 0.26, 28.34, 1.53, and 64.62 mg/kg, respectively. The highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were determined in species R. delica, while Cr was observed in L. deliciosus. In terms of the nutritional aspect, taking into account the concentration of Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake recommended by FAO/WHO, the maximum concentration of Cd is a restrictive factor for consumption of the collected mushroom species. The concentrations of the other elements have no health risks when consumed at optimal levels.     

Boron Contents of Some Wild-Growing Mushrooms Collected from the Vicinity of Boron Mines in Balikesir,Turkey

The aim of the study was to determine the boron contents of some wild-growing mushrooms collected from the vicinity of several boron mines located in Balikesir, Turkey and compare the boron contents of some mushroom and soil samples. The locations of the mushroom samples collected were within the distance of 0–100, 100–500, and 500–1,000 m to the mines. Soil samples were taken from beneath randomly selected fungal fruit bodies. A total of 40 mushroom samples were found in the study area and 37 different species were identified. Among the 40 samples analyzed, the highest boron content was detected to be 273 mg kg⁻¹ in Suillus collinitus. Also, Tricholoma terreum (69.52 mg kg⁻¹), Myxomphalia maura (36.52 mg kg⁻¹), Otidea concinna (30.70 mg kg⁻¹), Sepultaria arenosa (28.94 mg kg⁻¹), Melanoleuca paedida (28.33 mg kg⁻¹), and Lycoperdon lividum (28.31 mg kg⁻¹) relatively have high levels of boron and these species are proposed as candidates for boron accumulation. The boron contents of the other mushrooms varied and a pattern was observed where the boron content was found to be decreased as the distance from the mines increased.     

Mineral Element Levels in Wild Edible Mushrooms from Yunnan, China

Ten species of wild edible mushrooms (Boletus griseus, Boletus speciosus, Lactarius hygrophoroides, Leucopaxillus giganteus, Macrocybe gigantea, Melanoleuca arcuata, Morchella deliciosa, Mycena haematopus, Pulveroboletus ravenelii, and Tricholoma matsutake) collected from Yunnan province of China, were analyzed for ten mineral elements (calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, and zinc) contents using ICP-AES. The minimum and maximum element contents of mushrooms were determined as milligrams per kilograms dry weight for Ca (38-470), Cr (0.45-6.3), Co (0.29-2.3), Cu (13-58), Fe (22-510), Mg (84-550), Mn (1.4-70), K (1,300-4,600), Na (190-670), and Zn (16-160). The mushrooms species with the highest levels of mineral elements were B. griseus for K and Na, P. ravenelii for Cu, M. deliciosa for Mn, L. giganteus for Cr and Fe, M. gigantea for Ca, Mg and Zn, T. matsutake for Co. These results demonstrate that the mineral element contents in mushrooms are considerably species dependent and affected by environmental factors.     

云南省常见野生食用菌的氨基酸含量

采用国家标准方法对云南41种常见野生食用菌鲜菌中17种氨基酸进行了定量,结果表明这些食用菌中氨基酸种类齐全、含量丰富,其中玉蕈离褶伞、灰褐牛肝菌、球形鸡枞菌和条纹鸡枞菌等总氨基酸含量较高。     

Local Knowledge and Economical Significance of Commercialized Wild Edible Mushrooms in the Markets of Uruapan,Michoacan, Mexico

Economic Botany - Local Knowledge and Economical Significance of Commercialized Wild Edible Mushrooms in the Markets of Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. Wild edible mushrooms are a non-timber forest...     

珍稀食用菌绣球菌研究进展

绣球菌为新近开发的一种珍稀食用菌,因其味道鲜美,富含β-葡聚糖而受到人们的关注。文中对绣球菌属的种类、我国人工栽培绣球菌的名称、人工栽培和液体发酵、营养和化学成分、药理学功能等方面的研究现状进行综述,对目前研究中存在的问题进行了分析,在此基础上,对其未来的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为其生物学研究和开发利用提供依据和借鉴。     

Ethnobotanical Study of Edible Wild Plants in Some Selected Districts of Ethiopia

The ethnobotanical study on edible wild plants was carried out from May to December, 2001, in four districts of Ethiopia. The study areas included the rural and semiurban settings of Alamata, Cheha, Goma, and Yilmana Denssa districts of Tigray, Southern Peoples, Oromiya, and Amhara regional states, respectively. Voucher plant specimens were collected along with ethnobotanical information, and scientific names were determined. One hundred and fifty two plant parts from 130 species were recognized and consumed in these districts. Children consumed more wild plants during seasons of food availability (sufficient crop stock) than adults. There was marked increase in quantity and number of wild plant species consumed during food shortage and famine. A few of the reportedly edible species caused health problems that sometimes lead to fatality. Research into the safety and nutritional composition of edible wild plants and fungi is warranted. Selected edible wild plant species should be promoted as supplements to dietary variety and/or bridging the hungry periods of food shortage.     

六种野菜不同部位硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量

报道了6种野菜不同部位的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的含量。参考蔬菜中硝酸盐含量分级评价标准和无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量限量标准,结合各种野菜及不同部位的维生素C的含量,对这6种野菜评价如下:鼠麴草的叶、龙葵的叶、苋的嫩茎和叶,属于一级野菜,可以安全食用;鼠麴草的嫩茎属二级蔬菜范围,不宜生食,煮熟或盐渍可安全食用;龙葵的嫩茎、树仔菜的嫩茎,属于三级蔬菜,不可生食和盐渍,可熟食。白子菜的嫩茎和狗肝菜的嫩茎,属于四级蔬菜,不宜食用或限量食用;树仔菜的叶、白子菜的叶亚硝酸盐含量高于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准,所以不宜食用或限量食用。     

不同产地和不同采收期荷叶中生物碱的含量变化

本文建立高效液相色谱法同时测定荷叶中三种阿朴啡类生物碱2-羟基-1-甲氧基阿朴啡、N-去甲荷叶碱及荷叶碱的含量,并比较了6个产地(湖南、湖北、浙江、陕西、贵州、北京)和5个采收期(北京6～10月)荷叶中这三种生物碱的含量。结果显示不同产地荷叶生物碱含量差别明显,但均以荷叶碱为主,三者的总量在0.11%～1.15%之间,其中以浙江、贵州和湖南产荷叶中的三种生物碱含量较高,而湖北、陕西和北京产荷叶中生物碱含量较低。不同采收期对荷叶生物碱的含量也有较大影响,6月荷叶生物碱总量最高,随生长时间的延长,荷叶碱和N-去甲荷叶碱的含量降低,而2-羟基-1-甲氧基阿朴啡含量增高。     

湘西苗族聚居地野生食用植物种类调查初报

采用查阅文献资料与实地调查相结合的方法,对湘西苗族聚居地的野生食用植物种类进行调查,并对苗族饮食文化进行相关研究。结果表明,湘西苗族聚居地共有野生食用植物104种,隶属于43科67属,其饮食文化内容丰富,形式多样。在综合分析其食用价值的基础上。对湘西野生食用植物的保护和综合利用以及湘西苗族饮食文化的继承发扬提出了相关建议。     

The Collection and Sale of Wild Mushrooms in a Community of Tlaxcala,Mexico

The Collection and Sale of Wild Mushrooms in a Community of Tlaxcala, Mexico. In this paper, we characterize the harvest and sale of wild mushrooms in Javier Mina (Tlaxcala state, Mexico) based on observations made during visits to that community during the rainy seasons of 1995 and 2001. While there, we visited the forests with various families of mushroom gatherers and also carried out 16 visits to a local mushroom broker to obtain information on the buying and selling of the mushrooms, including a list of the prices per kilo of the species that are sold commercially. Boletus cf. pinophilus, Lyophyllum cf. decastes, Hebeloma aff. mesophaeum and the Amanita caesarea complex were the highest–priced species, and were those collected in the greatest amounts. Our observations indicate that the gathering of mushrooms, a traditional activity among the people of Javier Mina, contributes, through the sale of the mushrooms, to the income of the community during the rainy season.

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Recolección y venta de hongos silvestres en una comunidad de Tlaxcala, México. Recolección y venta de hongos silvestres en una comunidad de Tlaxcala, México. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el proceso de recolección y venta de hongos silvestres en Javier Mina, Tlaxcala. Para describir estas actividades se realizaron visitas a los bosques con varias familias recolectoras de hongos durante las épocas de lluvias de 1995 y 2001. Además, se realizaron 16 visitas a un distribuidor local para registrar información con respecto a la compra y venta de los hongos. Se obtuvo un listado de los precios por kilo de los hongos que se comercializan. Boletus cf. pinophilus, Lyophyllum cf. decastes, Hebeloma aff. mesophaeum y Amanita caesarea complex fueron los hongos recolectados en mayor cantidad durante este estudio, mismos que tuvieron los precios más altos de compra–venta. Se concluye que la recolección de hongos es una actividad tradicional para la gente de Javier Mina; sin embargo, la venta de éstos, contribuye a la obtención de ingresos durante la temporada de lluvias.

     

Wild Edible Plant Markets in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo

Benefits from wild edible plants (WEP) are multiple for rural households as well as urban traders. To set species priorities for WEP market development and domestication, we performed an inventory of WEP species and traders in five markets and one road-side selling point in Kisangani. During four one-month sessions between September 2007 and July 2008, all WEP traders present in the target markets were interviewed. We registered 119 unique sellers, selling 15 different WEPs. The September-October period and ‘Marché Central’ were the most important for WEP trade in Kisangani. Added values and net incomes generated through WEP sales were very divergent. Four types of traders could be distinguished. Gnetum africanum trade involves the more dynamic traders. Cola acuminata, Garcinia kola and Piper guineense spices have local and international market potential. Within the wild fruits category we propose Landolphia owariensis and Tetracarpidium conophorum as priority species for local market development.     

贵州省都匀地区野生食药用大型真菌资源

经近几年的调查,鉴定出分布于都匀地区的野生食药用大型真菌30余种,简要描述了它们的生境,食药用功能,为研究开发提供依据。     

西双版纳传统利用的野生药食两用植物

2010年3月至2011年7月对西双版纳少数民族传统利用的药食两用植物进行民族植物学调查,通过访谈和野外调查工作,收集并记录了关于当地社区传统利用药食两用植物的传统知识以及其他相关信息,并选择了其中20种植物进行抗菌活性的筛选。共调查统计了43科95种西双版纳传统利用的药食两用植物,从分类学角度来看,以茄科（6种）和唇形科（6种）最多,其中草本植物占了最大比例,为49．5％。对其中20种植物的抗菌活性筛选结果显示,只有马蓝（Baphicacanthus cusia）和旋花茄（Sola-humspirale）对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌活性。从调查中可以看出：药食两用植物的利用在当地人的日常生活中仍占有相当重要的分量。但随着近年来经济快速发展导致的传统知识的急剧流失和森林的大面积砍伐,很多植物已经逐渐从人们的生活中淡出．如何保护这些传统知识并使其能够可持续发展下去是一个值得思考的问题。     

The using of Gammarus pulex as a biomonitor in ecological risk assessment of secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant in Tunceli,Turkey

The objectives of this research are the assessment of secondary effluents (SEs) quality by evaluating chemical parameters and biomarkers. For this purpose, MDA and GSH levels were determined by spectrofotometer. SOD, CAT, and GP_X activities were determined by using ELISA kit in the groups of control and the groups exposed to SE. The level of MDA and the activities of SOD in Gammarus pulex vary depending on the exposure time. GSH levels and GSH-P_X activities increased in G. pulex exposed to the effluent compared to the control during 24 h and 96 h. CAT activities were in SE group were found lower than the control in G. pulex during 24 h and 96 h. Current experimental results show that SOD, CAT, GP_X activities, and GSH and MDA levels in G. pulex are sensitive and appropriate responses for assess the effects of anthropogenic contaminants on the aquatic ecosystems, particularly effluent complex mixtures.     

Traditional Uses of Wild Plants in the Middle Aegean Region of Turkey

This study investigates ethnobotanical uses of wild plants found on Honaz Mountain and its vicinity in Denizli Province in the middle Aegean region of Turkey. Eighty-one persons from 13 villages and six townships were interviewed. Nine hundred and sixty-four species, belonging to 60 plant families, were identified for which 381 different uses were recorded. Informants reported ethnobotanical uses for 19% of the identified species (184 out of 964): food (65), fodder (111), medicinal (119), firewood (28), handicrafts (16) and various other purposes (26). Medicinal tar production was particularly noted.     

长白山区野生食药兼用菌资源调查研究

调查吉林省长白山地区野生食药兼用菌资源,介绍几种具有开发潜力的野生食药兼用菌形态特性、生态习性、食疗保健价值。指出长白山野生食药兼用菌的开发具有广阔前景。     

山西历山国家级自然保护区菊科野生食用植物资源

经过调查研究,历山国家自然保护区有菊科野生食用植物22属、30种,分别占该保护区菊科野生植物总属数的50．00％、总种数的38．46％。该保护区菊科野生食用植物均为一、二年生或多年生草本植物,且都兼有药用功效,食用部位以嫩茎叶为主。并对该保护区菊科野生食用植物资源的开发利用提出了建议。     

Assessment of Antioxidant,Antibacterial Activities and Bioactive Compounds of the Wild Edible Mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - The study was aimed at investigating the biologically active compounds in Pleurotus sajor-caju wild edible mushroom and its potential...