蜗牛酶中一种人参皂苷Rb1水解酶的分离纯化

通过DEAE-Sepharose离子交换分段层析,DEAE-Sepharose离子交换梯度层析和Sephadex G100凝胶过滤层析三种方法的联用从中华白玉蜗牛消化酶中分离出一种人参皂苷Rb1水解酶。分离后该酶在SDS-PAGE上呈单一蛋白质条带。应用SDS-PAGE和凝胶过滤层析对分子量的测定,提示该酶是由4个分子量为110～115 kD的相同亚基组成的同源四聚体。Rb1为底物的动力学参数K_m和V_max分别为0.790 mmol/L和10.192 μmol/min/mg。该酶对人参皂苷Rb₁糖键进行有选择的水解,可水解人参皂苷Rb₁C₂₀位的一个糖苷键生成人参皂苷Rd。     

专一转化人参二醇类皂苷Rb1为Rd的真菌菌株的筛选

于2009年的7－10月间在辽宁省的桓仁,吉林省的集安、靖宇、抚松等药材产区采集人参及人参根际土壤样品45份。通过真菌分离和培养,共获得真菌菌株105株,经形态学鉴定分属于15属48种。通过活性筛选,得到具有转化人参总皂苷活性的菌株25株,其中菌株SR87和SR105对人参皂苷Rb1具有专一转化活性。通过TLC和HPLC检测,其转化产物为人参皂苷Rd。经形态学鉴定,确定阳性菌株SR87为莫勒接霉Zygorhynchus moelleri,SR105为灰绿犁头霉Absidia glauca。这两株真菌均有较高的转化潜力,可以应用于制备人参皂苷Rd。     

人参皂苷F1转化菌株的原生质体诱变育种

菌核青霉2246(Penicillium sclerotiorum)能够将人参皂苷Rg1转化为人参皂苷F1.以此菌为出发菌株,进行原生质体制备和再生的研究,确定原生质体的最佳形成条件:菌丝体培养24 h,用5 mg/mL溶壁酶、5mg/mL纤维素酶和5 mg/mL蜗牛酶的混合酶液进行酶解,以0.8 mol/L的KCI作为渗透压稳定剂,31℃水浴振摇2h.并对形成的原生质体进行亚硝基胍复合紫外线照射诱变,结果得到1株转化率显著提高、遗传性能稳定的诱变株( NU-1),其转化率由16.7％提高到30.5％.     

蜗牛酶中一种人参皂苷Rb1水解酶的分离纯化

通过DEAE-Sepharose离子交换分段层析,DEAE-Sepharose离子交换梯度层析和SephadexG-100凝胶过滤层析三种方法的联用从中华白玉蜗牛消化酶中分离出一种人参皂苷Rb1水解酶。分离后该酶在SDS-PAGE上呈单一蛋白质务带。应用SDS-PAGE和凝胶过滤层析对分子量的测定,提示该酶是由4个分子量为110～115kD的相同亚基组成的同源四聚体。Rb1为底物的动力学参数Km和Vmax分别为0．790mmol／L和10．192μmol／min／mg。该酶对人参皂苷Rb1糖键进行有选择的水解,可水解人参皂苷Rb1C50位的一个糖苷键生成人参皂苷Rd。     

人参皂苷Rb3对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用

采用硅胶柱层析、JTY树脂分离制备人参皂苷Rb3,薄层板(TLC)跟踪,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测。目的是研究西洋参叶中不同浓度的人参皂苷Rb3对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用影响,从而表明人参皂苷Rb3在抗肥胖中的作用。用制得的人参皂苷Rb3,在卵磷脂所乳化的甘油三酯的检测系统中进行体外胰脂肪酶抑制实验。结果表明:制得的人参皂苷Rb3经过三种不同展开剂,薄层板展开,均为一个点,进一步经HPLC检测其纯度为93.2%。胰脂肪酶抑制试验结果表明人参皂苷Rb3在浓度为0～1 mg/mL时,其抑制率达到85.11±0.409%,而且远远高于西洋参叶提取物。本文通过胰脂肪酶抑制试验表明Rb3具有抗肥胖作用,其抑制机制有待进一步研究。     

毁灭柱孢菌中一种人参皂苷Rb1水解酶的纯化及酶学性质研究

通过DEAE-纤维素阴离子交换层析、30％～80％（NH3）2SO3盐析、Sepharose CL-6B凝胶过滤层析和Mono Q HR5／5阴离子交换层析,从毁灭枉孢菌培养液中部分纯化出一种能够水解人参皂苷Rb,的β-葡萄糖苷酶F-I。F—I具有较好的pH稳定性和热稳定性,在pH4．0～11．0范围内和55℃以下表现出良好的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,其最适pH为5．0,最适温度为55℃。EDTA、Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋对该酶活性有较强的抑制作用。底物专一性分析表明,F—I能高特异性水解人工合成的底物pNPG,还能水解β-葡萄糖苷键连接的二糖如纤维二糖和龙胆二糖,说明此酶为一种β-葡萄糖苷酶。F—I对人参皂苷Rb1表现了较强的水解活性,而对人参皂苷Rb2和Rc的水解活性较低。该酶水解人参皂苷Rb1的路径为Rb1→Rd→F2→C—K。F—I对人参皂苷Rb1的这种高效水解为稀有人参皂苷的工业制备奠定了基础。     

酵母菌转化人参皂苷Rb1的动力学

在分批发酵中,对酵母菌转化人参皂苷的动力学进行了研究。应用Logistic方程和Luedeking-Piret方程,得到了描述分批发酵过程中,酵母菌体生长、底物消耗和产物合成的动力学模型及模型参数,并对实验数据与模型进行了验证比较,模型计算值与实验值拟合良好,所建模型能很好地描述酵母菌转化人参皂苷的动力学特征。为进一步研究和预测酵母菌生物转化过程奠定理论基础。     

酵母菌半连续转化人参皂苷Rb1的条件优化

以单因素实验为基础,通过多因素方差分析实验对人参皂苷半连续转化的条件进行优化,选出最佳条件组合,得到最佳的补料方式,补料浓度为6%,补料体积为24mL,补料周期为12h,在此条件下人参皂苷Rb1生物转化达33.5%左右。在最佳补料条件下进行人参皂苷酵母菌转化,其稳定性好,转化率高,对工业生产有积极的推动作用。     

嗜糖黄杆菌β-葡萄糖苷酶的功能及在稀有人参皂苷制备中的应用

【背景】有些稀有皂苷具有较好的药理活性,寻找活性高和专一性好的糖苷酶可能实现稀有皂苷的定向制备。嗜糖黄杆菌中含有丰富且未被表征的糖苷酶基因是寻找新酶的潜在来源。【目的】从嗜糖黄杆菌中发现活性高和专一性好的糖苷酶,用于制备稀有人参皂苷。【方法】重组表达嗜糖黄杆菌中15个假定的葡萄糖苷酶基因,系统研究重组酶的性质和功能,筛选可用于制备稀有皂苷的酶,利用薄层层析法和高效液相色谱法鉴定转化产物。【结果】从嗜糖黄杆菌中获得3种活性较好的β-葡萄糖苷酶,即SA2629、SA0236和SA2851。其中,SA2629具有最高的比酶活(78.7U/mg)和催化效率[kcat=(27.38±1.40)s^-1],且SA2629能同时水解人参皂苷C-20位上的β-1,6-葡萄糖苷键和C-3位直接与苷元相连的葡萄糖苷键。SA2851和SA0236只对C-20位上的β-1,6-葡萄糖苷键具有水解活性,其中SA0236活力高。将SA2629和SA0236与课题组前期获得的一种β-1,2-葡萄糖苷酶分别组合,可以将高含量人参皂苷Rb1完全转化成稀有皂苷CK和F2。【结论】获得了可用于制备稀有人...     

高效液相色谱法测定生脉注射液中人参皂甙Rg1、Re、Rb1的含量

本文建立了用高效液相色谱法对生脉注射液中人参皂甙Rg1、Re、Rb1的含量的快速测定。结果证明本色谱条件下人参皂甙Rg1、Re、Rb1分离度好,各成分都有较好的线性关系、精密度、回收率、重复性稳定性。     

Rb2[B12(OH)12]·2H2O and Rb2[B12(OH)12]·2H2O2: Hydrate and perhydrolate of rubidium dodecahydroxo-closo-dodecaborate

The orthorhombically crystallizing salts Rb₂[B₁₂(OH)₁₂]·2H₂O (a = 1576.81(9), b = 813.08(5), c = 1245.32(7) pm) and Rb₂[B₁₂(OH)₁₂]·2H₂O₂ (a = 1616.54(9), b = 814.29(5), c = 1260.12(7) pm) could be prepared from Rb₂[B₁₂H₁₂] and hydrogen peroxide. Both crystal structures were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and refined in the space group Cmce. They are not isostructural to the other compounds containing icosahedral dodecahydroxo-closo-dodecaborate dianions [B₁₂(OH)₁₂]²⁻ and potassium, rubidium or cesium cations already known to literature, but both title compounds crystallize quasi-isotypically exhibiting Rb⁺ cations in 10-fold oxygen coordination. The hydrogen peroxide adduct (Rb₂[B₁₂(OH)₁₂]·2H₂O₂) is explosive on shock and heat, while the hydrate (Rb₂[B₁₂(OH)₁₂]·2H₂O) is not.     

异养硝化细菌的筛选、鉴定及其氨氮转化特性的研究

从巢湖湖底泥床中分离筛选出一株具有氨氮转化活性的异养型硝化菌株X5.经生理生化分析、16S rDNA序列测定及系统发育学比较,菌株X5为枯草芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.).菌株X5对氨氮的转化能力受温度、pH值以及接种量等条件的影响.实验结果表明,菌株X5的最适氨氮转化条件为:25～35℃,16 h,pH值7.0～8.0以及6%的接种量.将菌株X5扩大培养后接种于含蓝藻的发酵培养基中,分别测定总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4+-N)及硝态氮(NO-3-N)的含量.结果显示,菌株X5对蓝藻中的氮素具有一定的转化作用.     

产表面活性素和伊枯草菌素A菌株的筛选及其脂肽类产物的特性

采用血琼脂平板法, 从菜园土壤中分离到8株代谢表面活性剂的菌株, 比较各菌株的排油性、抑菌性, 根据合成脂肽类物质表面活性素(Surfactin)和伊枯草菌素A (Iturin A)必需的sfp、ituD和lpa-14基因设计引物, 结合PCR的方法筛选到一株具广谱抗菌性且含有sfp、ituD和lpa-14 3个关键基因的细菌XZ-173。经过生理生化试验测定和16S rDNA序列系统发育学分析, 将其鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)分析该菌株代谢产物, 初步鉴定为脂肽类物质, 并对照高效液相色谱(HPLC)与标准品比对结果, 确定含有Surfactin和Iturin A组分。该菌株产生的脂肽粗品能使纯水的表面张力降低至26.6 mN/m, 临界胶束浓度(CMC)为500 mg/L, 具有很好的乳化性能, 对立枯丝核菌和青枯菌表现出很好的拮抗活性。因此, 产脂肽细菌XZ-173是一株应用前景广阔的功能菌。     

Formation of monoclonal antibody against a major ginseng component, ginsenoside Rg1 and its characterization. Monoclonal antibody for a ginseng saponin

The ratio of hapten and bovine serum albumin in an antigenconjugate was determined by matrix-assisted laserdesorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ahybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody against ginsenosideRg₁ was produced by fusing sprenocytes immunized with aginsenoside Rg₁-bovine serum albumin conjugate withHAT-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line, P3-X63-Ag8-653. A very smallcross-reaction appeared with ginsenoside Re. The full measuringrange of the assay extends from 0.3 g ml^-1 to 10 g ml^-1 ofginsenoside Rg₁.     

Quantitative determination of prostaglandins E1 and F1α by multiple ion analysis

Quantitative assays for prostaglandins (PG) E₁ and PGF_1α are described using [3,3,4,4,5,6-²H₆]labeled prostaglandins as carriers and methyl ester-O-methyloxime-acetate (PGE₁) and methyl ester-acetate (PGF_1α) derivatives for gas - liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis. Thin-layer argentation chromatography was used to separate PGE₁ from PGE₂ and 13, 14-dihydro-PGE₂. These latter compounds, which do not separate from PGE₁ using conventional thin-layer chromatography or under the gas - liquid chromatographic conditions used, can significantly interfere with the quantitative analysis of PGE₁. The method described prevents this interference and is therefore suitable for the accurate analysis of PGE₁ in biological samples containing a high concentration of PGE₂ and/or 13, 14-dihydro-PGE₂.     

Immunoaffinity column clean-up for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and Q1 in urine

A method for the determination of aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂, M₁ and Q₁ in human urine has been developed. The 10-ml urine samples were automatically cleaned up on immunoaffinity columns and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), including post-column derivatization with bromine and fluorescence detection. Average aflatoxin recoveries were: B₁ 103%, B₂ 106%, G₁ 98% and G₂ 96% in the range 6.8–73 pg/ml of urine and M₁ 103% and Q₁ 100% in the range 18–97 pg/ml of urine. The relative standard deviations were all between 1% and 21%. The determination limits of aflatoxins in urine were 6.8 pg/ml for B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ and 18 pg/ml for M₁ and Q₁.     

An improved purification of ECF1 and ECF1F0 by using a cytochrome bo-deficient strain of Escherichia coli facilitates crystallization of these complexes

A novel strategy, which employs a cytochrome bo-lacking strain (GO104) and a modified isolation procedure provides an effective approach for obtaining much purer preparations of ECF₁F₀ than described previously, as well as for isolating homogeneous and protein-chemically pure ECF₁. ECF₁ obtained in this way could be crystallized by vapor-diffusion using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a precipitant in a form suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁, with lattice parameters a=110, b=134, and c=269 Å, and diffract to a resolution of at least 6.4 Å.     

砷氧化菌株的筛选及Bosea sp.AS-1基因组分析

[目的] 对湖南省锡矿山地区的砷氧化菌株的种属进行初步鉴定,并对砷锑氧化菌株Bosea sp.AS-1（简称AS-1）进行全基因组测序和生物信息学分析。[方法] 分离砷氧化菌株,并利用16S rRNA基因测序进行菌种鉴定。在此基础上,对能够高效氧化砷的菌株AS-1进行全基因组测序,对测序数据进行基因组装和功能注释、COG、GO及KEGG聚类分析,以及次级代谢产物合成基因簇与代谢途径预测等。[结果] 湖南省锡矿山的砷氧化菌株主要分布在α-、β-、γ-变形菌纲以及厚壁菌门。菌株AS-1基因组的测序结果显示AS-1基因组包含一条大小为5.536 Mb环状染色体和两个大小分别为189.9 kb和112.1 kb的质粒。对AS-1基因组进一步分析发现该菌株的基因组中包含砷锑代谢相关基因,还有鞭毛形成、鞭毛运动及生物膜形成的基因,这些基因的存在可能与AS-1能高效耐受和氧化砷和锑的特性相关。此外,菌株AS-1中还存在部分碳固定基因和硫氧化基因,这暗示着AS-1能够进行自养生长并氧化环境中的硫元素。[结论] 菌株AS-1可以在自养条件下生长并且能够氧化Sb（III）为Sb（V）。     

Effect of prostaglandins A1, A2, B1, B2, E2 and F2α on human umbilical cord vessels

The effect of six naturally occurring prostaglandins on isolated umbilical arteries and veins has been studied. All six prostaglandins had a constricting effect on the umbilical vessels. On the umbilical artery preparations the potencies in decreasing order were A₂>B₂>F_2α>B₁>E₂>A₁. Prostaglandin B₂ was more potent than PGA₂ on the umbilical vein. Polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) antagonised the constricting effect of all six prostaglandins without altering responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine.     

Phosphatidylethanolamide derivatives of prostaglandins E1 and E2

Prostaglandins E₁ (PGE₁) and E₂ (PGE₂) have been coupled with the amine group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. These complexes basically mimic the relaxant and contractile effects of the corresponding free prostaglandins (PGs) on various smooth muscle preparations, but exhibit a delayed onset of action and a lower affinity for the PG receptors. The complexes are comparable with the free, parent PGs, in their intrinsic activities. The same holds true for the effects on blood pressure and on the motility of the uterus . The PGE₂-PE complex is hydrolysed to release obviously free PGE₂ by cell-free homogenates prepared from various tissues, but not by blood plasma. The PGE₂-PE complex is immunologically indistinguishable from the free PGE₂.