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1.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2018,12(4):882-888
Research has shown both production and health benefits for the use of chicory (Cichorium intybus) within ruminant diets. Despite this, little was known about the effects of this forage, containing differing fatty acid profiles and secondary plant compounds compared with ryegrass, on beef stability, fatty acid composition or sensory properties. An experiment was conducted to investigate whether the inclusion of chicory in the diet of grazing beef steers would alter these three properties in the M. Longissimus muscle when compared with beef steers grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Triplicate 2 ha plots were established with a chicory (cv. Puna II)/perennial ryegrass mix or a perennial ryegrass control. A core group of 36 Belgian Blue – cross steers were used within a 2-year beef finishing experiment (n=6/replicate plot). In the 2nd grazing year, steers were slaughtered as they reached a target fat class of 3. Muscle pH was checked 2 and 48 h post-slaughter. A section of the hindloin joint containing the M. Longissimus lumborum muscle was removed and a 20 mm-thick steak was cut and muscle samples were taken for analysis of vitamin E and fatty acid analysis. The remaining section of the loin was vacuum packed in modified atmosphere packs and subjected to simulated retail display. A section of the conditioned loin was used for sensory analysis. Data on pH, vitamin E concentration and colour stability in a simulated retail display showed there were no effects of including chicory in the diet of grazing beef steers on meat stability. There were also no differences found in the fatty acid composition or the overall eating quality of the steaks from the two treatments. In conclusion, there were no substantive effects of including chicory in the swards of grazing beef cattle on meat stability, fatty acid composition or sensory properties of the M. Longissimus muscle when compared with beef steers grazing ryegrass-only swards. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2017,11(4):608-615
Effects of plant maturity on apparent ruminal synthesis and post-ruminal supply of B vitamins were evaluated in two feeding trials. Diets containing alfalfa (Trial 1) or orchardgrass (Trial 2) silages harvested either (1) early cut, less mature (EC) or (2) late cut, more mature (LC) as the sole forage were offered to ruminally and duodenally cannulated lactating Holstein cows in crossover design experiments. In Trial 1, conducted with 16 cows (569±43 kg of empty BW (ruminal content removed) and 43.7±8.6 kg/day of 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield; mean±SD) in two 17-day treatment periods, both diets provided ~22% forage NDF and 27% total NDF, and the forage-to-concentrate ratios were 53 : 47 and 42 : 58 for EC and LC, respectively. In Trial 2, conducted with 13 cows (588±55 kg of empty BW and 43.7±7.7 kg/day of 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield; mean±SD) in two 18-day treatment periods, both diets provided ~25% forage NDF and 31% total NDF; the forage-to-concentrate ratios were 58 : 42 and 46 : 54 for EC and LC, respectively. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folates and vitamin B12 were measured in feed and duodenal content. Apparent ruminal synthesis was calculated as the duodenal flow minus the intake. Diets based on EC alfalfa decreased the amounts of thiamin, niacin and folates reaching the duodenum, whereas diets based on EC orchardgrass increased riboflavin duodenal flow. Daily apparent ruminal synthesis of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B6 were correlated negatively with their intake, suggesting a microbial regulation of their concentration in the rumen. Vitamin B12 apparent ruminal synthesis was correlated negatively with total volatile fatty acids concentration, but positively with ruminal pH and microbial N duodenal flow. 相似文献
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<正>Sheep(Ovis aries),as one of the earliest domesticated ruminant livestock,can effectively make use of plant fibers via the rumen,and provide multiple products such as meat,milk and wool for human.However,molecular mechanism of the digestion and lipid metabolism for ruminants has been largely unexplored.The publishing of the complete genomes of cattle(Bos taurus)in 2009[1]and later two other ruminant livestock,i.e.,yak[2]and goat[3],have 相似文献
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McEvoy JM Doherty AM Sheridan JJ Blair IS McDowell DA 《Journal of applied microbiology》2003,94(4):693-700
AIMS: To determine the prevalence, serotype and antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella isolates in cattle and on carcasses at a commercial Irish abattoir. METHODS AND RESULTS: Faecal, rumen and carcass samples were collected from a beef abattoir over a 12-month period and examined for the presence of Salmonella spp. Isolates were serotyped, phage typed (when serotype was found to be S. Typhimurium) and tested for susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics. Salmonella was isolated from 2% of faecal, 2% of rumen and 7.6% of carcass samples. Salmonella was most frequently isolated from samples taken during the period August to October. S. Dublin was isolated from 72% of positive samples. S. Agona and S. Typhimurium definitive type (DT)104 were each isolated from 14% of positive samples. All S. Typhimurium DT104 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphafurazole and tetracycline (ACSSuT). On occasion, from a single animal, the same serotype was isolated from more than one sample (i.e. faeces and rumen; faeces and carcass; rumen and carcass; faeces, rumen and carcass). CONCLUSIONS: Salmonella is present in cattle at slaughter and on beef carcasses at an Irish abattoir, with a higher frequency of occurrence during the period August to October. Most isolates from the study are not commonly associated with human clinical infection, with the exception of S. Typhimurium DT104 (R-type ACSSuT). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides epidemiological data that is necessary for the understanding of beef as a source of human Salmonella infection. 相似文献
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AIMS: To identify dominant bacteria in grain (barley)-fed cattle for isolation and future use to increase the efficiency of starch utilization in these cattle. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total DNA was extracted from samples of the rumen contents from eight steers fed a barley diet for 9 and 14 days. Bacterial profiles were obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the PCR-amplified V2/V3 region of the 16S rRNA genes from total bacterial DNA. Apparently dominant bands were excised and cloned, and the clone insert sequence was determined. One of the most common and dominant bacteria present was identified as Ruminococcus bromii. This species was subsequently isolated using traditional culture-based techniques and its dominance in the grain-fed cattle was confirmed using a real-time Taq nuclease assay (TNA) designed for this purpose. In some animals, the population of R. bromii reached densities above 10(10)R. bromii cell equivalents per ml or approximately 10% of the total bacterial population. CONCLUSIONS: Ruminococcus bromii is a dominant bacterial population in the rumen of cattle fed a barley-based diet. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Ruminococcus bromii YE282 may be useful as a probiotic inoculant to increase the efficiency of starch utilization in barley-fed cattle. The combination of DGGE and real-time TNA has been an effective process for identifying and targeting for isolation, dominant bacteria in a complex ecosystem. 相似文献
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The objectives of the trial were to study the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) and tannic acid (TA) on rumen fermentation, microbiota and nutrient digestion in beef cattle. Eight growing beef cattle (live weight 350 ± 25 kg) were allocated in a 2 × 2 crossover design using two levels of dietary CP [111 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 136 g/kg DM] and two levels of TA (0 and 16.9 g/kg DM) as experimental treatments. Each experimental period lasted 19 d, consisting of 14-d adaptation and 5-d sampling. The impacts of dietary CP and TA on ruminal microbiota were analysed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Results indicated that no interactions between dietary CP and TA were found on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility. Increasing dietary CP level from 111 to 136 g/kg DM increased the ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (p < 0.01) and improved the CP digestibility (p < 0.001). Adding TA at 16.9 g/kg DM inhibited rumen fermentation and decreased the digestibility of dietary CP (p < 0.001), DM (p < 0.05) and organic matter (p < 0.01). Increasing the dietary CP level or adding TA did not affect the relative abundances of the major bacteria Firmicutes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level and Prevotella_1 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group at the genus level, even though adding TA increased the Shannon index of the ruminal bacterial community. TA was partly hydrolysed to pyrogallol, gallic acid and resorcinol in rumen fluid and the inhibitory effects of TA on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility could have been resulted from the TA metabolites including pyrogallol, gallic acid and resorcinol as well as the protein-binding effect. 相似文献
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为了从牛瘤胃的微生物中获取新型的木聚糖酶,采用直接法提取牛瘤胃内容物微生物总DNA,构建宏基因组文库,通过功能驱动法筛选得到1个木聚糖酶基因(yh-1),该基因大小为987 bp,编码329个氨基酸;SDS-PAGE电泳分析YH-1的相对分子量为36.2 kDa,该酶的最适反应温度和最适反应pH是50℃和8.0~8.5;该酶有较强的温度稳定性,50℃条件下保温60 min,仍保留90%以上的剩余酶活性,65~75℃保留80%以上的剩余酶活性;2 mmol/L Zn~(2+)、Na~+、Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)对该酶具有一定的激活作用;经过24 h的处理后,该酶可以从玉米芯、稻草和甘蔗叶中分别获得0.014、0.381和0.19 mg的还原糖。上述特征使得该酶在烘焙体系以及其他领域具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2017,11(10):1762-1771
This study was undertaken to further develop our understanding of the links between breed, diet and the rumen microbial community and determine their effect on production characteristics and methane (CH4) emissions from beef cattle. The experiment was of a 2×2 factorial design, comprising two breeds (crossbred Charolais (CHX); purebred Luing (LU)) and two diets (concentrate-straw or silage-based). In total, 80 steers were used and balanced for sire within each breed, farm of origin and BW across diets. The diets (fed as total mixed rations) consisted of (g/kg dry matter (DM)) forage to concentrate ratios of either 500 : 500 (Mixed) or 79 : 921 (Concentrate). Steers were adapted to the diets over a 4-week period and performance and feed efficiency were then measured over a 56-day test period. Directly after the 56-day test, CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were measured (six steers/week) over a 13-week period. Compared with LU steers, CHX steers had greater average daily gain (ADG; P<0.05) and significantly (P<0.001) lower residual feed intake. Crossbred Charolais steers had superior conformation and fatness scores (P<0.001) than LU steers. Although steers consumed, on a DM basis, more Concentrate than Mixed diet (P<0.01), there were no differences between diets in either ADG or feed efficiency during the 56-day test. At slaughter, however, Concentrate-fed steers were heavier (P<0.05) and had greater carcass weights than Mixed-fed steers (P<0.001). Breed of steer did not influence CH4 production, but it was substantially lower when the Concentrate rather than Mixed diet was fed (P<0.001). Rumen fluid from Concentrate-fed steers contained greater proportions of propionic acid (P<0.001) and lower proportions of acetic acid (P<0.001), fewer archaea (P<0.01) and protozoa (P=0.09), but more Clostridium Cluster XIVa (P<0.01) and Bacteroides plus Prevotella (P<0.001) than Mixed-fed steers. When the CH4 to CO2 molar ratio was considered as a proxy method for CH4 production (g/kg DM intake), only weak relationships were found within diets. In conclusion, although feeding Concentrate and Mixed diets produced substantial differences in CH4 emissions and rumen characteristics, differences in performance were influenced more markedly by breed. 相似文献
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AIMS: To investigate interactions between rumen protozoa and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and to ascertain whether it is likely that rumen protozoa act as ruminant hosts for STEC. METHODS AND RESULTS: The presence of stx genes in different microbial fractions recovered from cattle and sheep rumen contents and faeces was examined using PCR. In animals shedding faecal STEC, stx genes were not detected in the rumen bacterial or rumen protozoal fractions. Direct interactions between ruminal protozoa and STEC were investigated by in vitro co-incubation. Rumen protozoa did not appear to ingest STEC, a STEC lysogen or non-STEC E. coli populations when co-incubated. CONCLUSIONS: The ruminal environment is unlikely to be a preferred habitat for STEC. Bacterial grazing by rumen protozoa appears to have little, if any, effect on STEC populations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study indicates that ruminal protozoa are unlikely to be a major factor in the survival of STEC in ruminants. They appear as neither a host that protects STEC from the ruminal environment nor a predator that might reduce STEC numbers. 相似文献
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McSweeney CS Denman SE Conlan LL Prasad CS Anandan S Chandrasekharaiah M Sampath KT 《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2009,3(6):802-809
Two metabolism trials (experiments 1 and 2) were conducted to examine the effect of the organic S compound, sodium 3-mercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid (MPS) on feed intake, fiber digestibility, rumen fermentation and abundance of cellulolytic rumen microorganisms in cattle fed low S (<0.11%) roughages. Urea was provided in all treatments to compensate for the N deficiency (<0.6%) in the roughages. In experiment 1, steers (333 ± 9.5 kg liveweight) were fed Angleton grass (Dicanthium aristatum) supplemented with S in equivalent amounts as either MPS (6.0 g/day) or sodium sulfate (9.56 g/day). Supplementation of Angelton grass with either sulfate or MPS resulted in an apparent increase in flow of rumen microbial protein from the rumen. Sulfur supplementation did not significantly change whole tract dry matter digestibility or intake, even though sulfate and MPS supplementation was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of the fibrolytic bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes and anaerobic rumen fungi. Ruminal sulfide levels were significantly higher in the sulfate treatment, which indicated that the bioavailability of the two S atoms in the MPS molecule may be low in the rumen. Based on this observation, experiment 2 was conducted in which twice the amount of S was provided in the form of MPS (8.0 g/day) compared with sodium sulfate (6.6 g/day) to heifers (275 ± 9 kg liveweight) fed rice straw. Supplementation with MPS compared with sulfate in experiment 2 resulted in an increase in concentration of total volatile fatty acids, and ammonia utilization without a change in feed intake or whole tract fiber digestibility even though S and N were above requirement for growing cattle in both these treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementation of an S deficient low-quality roughage diet with either MPS or sodium sulfate, in conjunction with urea N, improved rumen fermentation, which was reflected in an increase in urinary purine excretion. However, MPS appeared to have a greater effect on stimulating short-chain fatty acid production and ammonia utilization when provided at higher concentrations than sulfate. Thus, the metabolism of MPS in the rumen needs to be investigated further in comparison with inorganic forms of S as it may prove to be more effective in stimulating fermentation of roughage diets. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2018,12(4):831-843
Pastoralists have traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), which is important for their livelihoods and for policies and interventions. Pastoralism is under pressure, however, which may result in a decline of pastoral lifestyle and its related TEK. We, therefore, addressed the following objectives (i) to inventorise and assess how pastoralists characterise and value soils and forages in their environment, (ii) to analyse how soil, forage and livestock (i.e. cattle) characteristics relate to herding decisions and (iii) to determine whether TEK underlying herding decisions differs across generations. Data were collected through focus groups and individual interviews with 72 pastoralists, belonging to three generations and to three agro-ecological zones. Using a three-point scale (high, medium, low), four grasses and three tree forages were assessed in terms of nutritional quality for milk, meat, health and strength. Using their own visual criteria, pastoralists identified five different soils, which they selected for herding at different times of the year. Pastoralists stated that Pokuri was the best soil because of its low moisture content, whereas Karaal was the worst because forage hardly grows on it. They stated that perennials, such as Andropogon gayanus and Loxoderra ledermannii, were of high nutritional quality, whereas annuals such as Andropogon pseudapricus and Hyparrhenia involucrata were of low nutritional quality. Afzelia africana was perceived of high quality for milk production, whereas Khaya senegalensis had the highest quality for meat, health and strength. Pastoralists first used soil, then forage and finally livestock characteristics in their herding decisions. Pastoralists’ TEK was not associated with their generations, but with their agro-ecological zones. This study suggests that pastoralists had common and detailed TEK about soils, forages and livestock characteristics, underlying their herding decisions. To conclude, pastoralists use a holistic approach, combining soil, vegetation and livestock TEK in herding decisions. Such TEK can guide restoration or improvement of grazing lands, and land use planning. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2018,12(1):183-188
Heating oil and oilseeds results in oxidation products that affect ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, altering milk fatty acids profile, and could be transferred to milk. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of oil heating on rumen and milk fatty acids profile and the transfer of oxidation products to milk. Sunflower oil was heated at 150°C for 15 h and given to lactating dairy cows in a 2×2 arrangement: two groups of two cows, equipped with a ruminal cannula and receiving two diets (containing either heated or unheated oil) during two experimental periods. Oil heating generated hydroperoxides and/or hydroxyacids and aldehydes, in particular trans-2,trans-4-decadienal. In milk, heated oil only significantly decreased trans-11-C18:1 and cis-9,trans-11-CLA percentage compared to non-heated oil, and slightly increased cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 percentage, which was probably linked to an inhibition of the ruminal Δ12 isomerase by oxidative products in the rumen. However, feeding highly oxidized oil did not result in the appearance of hydroperoxides or hydroxyacids in milk and did not increase milk aldehydes content. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2017,11(8):1295-1302
Chemical and physical treatments of barley grain increase ruminally resistant starch and can improve the rumen fermentation pattern. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chemical (addition of citric acid, CA) and physical (grinding to two different particle sizes, PS) treatment of barley grain on performance, rumen fermentation, microbial protein yield in the rumen and selected blood metabolites in growing calves. In all, 28 male Holstein calves (172±5.1 kg initial BW) were used in a complete randomised design with a factorial arrangement of 2 barley grain particle sizes×2 levels of citric acid. The diets were as follows: (i) small PS (average 1200 µm) barley grain soaked in water (no CA addition); (ii) small PS barley grain soaked in a CA solution (adding 20 g CA/kg barley); (iii) large PS (average 2400 µm) barley grain soaked in water (no citric acid addition) and (iv) large PS barley grain soaked in a citric acid solution (adding 20 g CA/kg barley). Barley grain was then incorporated at 35% in a total mixed ration and fed to the calves for 11 weeks. Feeding small PS barley decreased feed intake (P=0.02) and average daily weight gain (P=0.01). The addition of CA to barley grain did not affect intake but increased weight gain (P<0.01) and improved feed to gain ratio (P=0.03). Digestibility of organic matter and NDF tended (P<0.10) to increase, whereas faecal scoring was improved (P=0.03) and the presence of undigested grain particles in faeces was reduced (P<0.01) with CA-treated barley grain. Glucose and urea concentrations were increased (P<0.01) in the blood of calves fed the CA-treated barley grain. Ruminal pH tended (P=0.08) to be decreased with more finely ground barley and was increased when barley grain was treated with CA. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations in the rumen did not differ among treatments (P>0.05). However, the molar proportion of propionate was increased (P=0.03) when barley was more finely ground, and that of acetate was increased (P=0.04) when CA was added to barley grain. The ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen was increased (P<0.01) and microbial nitrogen synthesis in the rumen tended to decrease by adding CA to barley. Treating barley grain with citric acid increased fibre digestibility of total mixed rations, attenuated the decrease in ruminal pH, and improved weight gain and feed efficiency in male Holstein growing calves fed a high-cereal diet (550 g cereal grain/kg diet). 相似文献
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Liu Q Wang C Yang WZ Dong Q Dong KH Huang YX Yang XM He DC 《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2009,3(1):32-39
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of malic acid (MA) supplementation on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PDs) and whole gastro-intestinal tract feed digestibility in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (465 ± 13 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were: control (without MA), LMA (MA-low), MMA (MA-medium) and HMA (MA-high) with 0.0, 7.8, 15.6 and 23.4 g MA per kg dry matter (DM), respectively. Diets consisted of corn stover and concentrate (60/40, DM basis). DM intake was approximately 9 kg per day, which was 90% of ad libitum intake including 5.4 kg corn stover and 3.6 kg concentrate. Ruminal pH (range of 6.91 to 6.56), ratio of acetate to propionate (range of 3.88 to 3.25), ammonia N (range of 9.03 to 6.42 mg/100 ml) and lactate (range of 91.25 to 76.31 mg/100 ml) decreased linearly as MA supplementation increased, whereas total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (range of 55.68 to 61.49 mM) linearly (P < 0.05) increased with increase in MA supplementation. In situ ruminal neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) degradation of corn stover was improved but the crude protein (CP) degradability of concentrate mix was decreased with increasing the dose of MA. Urinary excretion of PDs was quadratically (P < 0.01) changed with altering MA supplementation (67.88, 72.74, 75.81 and 73.78 mmol/day for control, LMA, MMA and HMA, respectively). Similarly, digestibilities of DM, organic matter (OM), NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the total tract were also quadratically increased with increasing MA, and no differences in terms of CP and ether extract digestibility were observed. The results indicate that MA supplementation has the potential to improve rumen fermentation and feed digestion in beef cattle. The MA stimulates the digestive microorganisms or enzymes in a quadratic response. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum MA dose was 15.6 g MA per kg DM. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2016,10(1):44-54
In tropical regions, protein supplementation is a common practice in dairy and beef farming. However, the effect of highly degradable protein in ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition has not yet been investigated in a systematic manner. In this work, we aimed to investigate the impact of casein supplementation on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production, specific activity of deamination (SAD), ammonia concentration and bacterial and archaeal community composition. The experimental design was a 4×4 Latin square balanced for residual effects, with four animals (average initial weight of 280±10 kg) and four experimental periods, each with duration of 29 days. The diet comprised Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay with an average CP content of 9.8%, on a dry matter basis. Animals received basal forage (control) or infusions of pure casein (230 g) administered direct into the rumen, abomasum or divided (50 : 50 ratio) in the rumen/abomasum. There was no differences (P>0.05) in ruminal pH and microbial protein concentration between supplemented v. non-supplemented animals. However, in steers receiving ruminal infusion of casein the SAD and ruminal ammonia concentration increased 33% and 76%, respectively, compared with the control. The total concentration of VFA increased (P<0.05) in steers receiving rumen infusion of casein. SAD and the microbial protein concentration did not vary significantly among treatments during the feeding cycle, but mean SAD values were greater in steers supplemented in the rumen and rumen/abomasum. Ruminal ammonia concentration was positively correlated with SAD in animals receiving ruminal infusion of casein. Polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis revealed low similarity between treatments, animals and time of sample collection. Richness analysis and determination of the Shannon–Wiener index indicated no differences (P>0.05) in species richness and diversity of γ-proteobacteria, firmicutes and archaea between non-supplemented Nellore steers and steers receiving casein supplementation in the rumen. However, species richness and the Shannon–Wiener index were lower (P<0.05) for the phylum bacteroidetes in steers supplemented with casein in the rumen compared with non-supplemented animals. Venn diagrams indicated that the number of unique bands varied considerably among individual animals and was usually higher in number for non-supplemented steers compared with supplemented animals. These results add new knowledge about the effects of ruminal and postruminal protein supplementation on metabolic activities of rumen microbes and the composition of bacterial and archaeal communities in the rumen of steers. 相似文献
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The present study examined the relationship between lipid peroxidation and vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels in plasma, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and an equal number of age-and sex-matched healthy subjects. Enhanced plasma, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation with concomitant decline in vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels were found in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The elevated lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels indicate the potential of oxidative damage to erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. 相似文献
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《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2019,13(4):727-739
Dietary and ruminal factors modify the ruminal biohydrogenation (RBH) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA), with duodenal FA flows being quantitatively and qualitatively different from FA intake. Using a meta-analysis approach from a database on duodenal flows of FA in ruminants, this study aimed to determine predictive equations for duodenal and absorbed flows of saturated FA, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 isomers, odd- and branched-chain FA (OBCFA), C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 and to quantify the effects of dietary and digestive factors on those equations. The database was divided into four subsets: forage, seed, vegetable oils or animal fats (oil/fat), and fish products (fish) subsets. Models of duodenal and absorbed FA flows were obtained through variance–covariance analysis. Effects of potential interfering factors (conservation mode and botanical families of forages, lipid source, technological processing of lipid supplements, diet composition and animal characteristics) were analysed. We obtained 83 models for duodenal FA flows as a function of FA intake for saturated FA (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0), C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 isomers and seven other models for OBCFA. For the seed/oil/fat subset, intakes of total C18:3, C18:2 and starch content increased the duodenal t11-C18:1 flow with 0.08, 0.16 and 0.005 g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI), respectively, whereas intake level [(DMI×100)/BW] decreased it. The c9c12c15-C18:3 RBH was higher for oil/fat than seed (96.7% v. 94.8%) and a protective effect of Leguminosae v. Gramineae against RBH for that FA appeared in the forage subset. The duodenal C17:0 flow increased with starch content and decreased with ruminal pH, respectively, whereas duodenal iso-C16:0 flow decreased with dietary NDF content for the seed/oil/fat subset. The duodenal C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 flows depended on their respective intake and the inhibitory effect of C22:6n-3 on duodenal C18:0 flow was quantified. Thirteen models of absorbed FA flows were performed depending on their respective duodenal flows. This study determined the effects of different qualitative and quantitative dietary and digestive factors, allowing for improved predictions of duodenal and absorbed FA flows. 相似文献