Spontaneous necrotic enteritis in young RFM/Ms mice

Fatal necrotic enteritis was observed in mice 24-52 days old in the RFM/Ms breeding colony maintained in a clean conventional condition in the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Gross lesions included hyperaemia, petechiae, erosion and the occasional formation of pseudomembranes in the mucosa of the ileum and caecum. Histologically, there was necrotic enteritis with numerous Gram-positive bacilli-forming spores but no inflammatory cell reaction. Non-type-A Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the intestinal contents. This disease cleared after the addition of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (11 mg/l) to the drinking water.     

Infections with Francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica in hares (Lepus timidus, Lepus europaeus) from Sweden

The occurrence of tularemia was studied in 1,500 hares submitted to the National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden for postmortem examination during 1973 through 1985. A total of 109 tularemia cases was recorded based on the fluorescent antibody (FA) test for Francisella tularensis and on the gross and microscopic pathology. Tularemia was diagnosed only in the varying hare (Lepus timidus) and not in the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus). The geographical distribution of the 109 cases indicates that tularemia has not spread in Sweden during the last 45 yr, with the exception of an endemic occurrence of the disease on the island of Stora Karls? in the Baltic sea. The disease was most frequent in the autumn and only a few cases were recorded during winter. Cases were not seen in the spring. The annual prevalence varied, with several cases in 1974 and 1981, but there were no cases in 1976 and 1980. The postmortem findings in hares dying of tularemia in the autumn were characterized by focal coagulative necrosis in liver, spleen and bone marrow, with high numbers of bacteria FA-positive for F. tularensis. In hares dying during winter months, the most characteristic findings were hemorrhagic enteritis and typhlitis, although necrotic lesions could occur in liver, spleen and bone marrow. Diseased hares on the island of Stora Karls? were demonstrated to be infected with ticks, while hares on the mainland of Sweden generally were fed upon by mosquitoes. Twenty-six of the 109 hares with tularemia were examined bacteriologically and F. tularensis biovar palaearctica was isolated from eight. The lung extract antibody test for F. tularensis was performed in 18 of the 109 hares. All were negative. In addition to the field study, an experimental study with F. tularensis biovar palaearctica was performed. Four varying hares and three European brown hares were inoculated. None of the hares died from tularemia, and generalized infection was not demonstrated.     

Persistent infection with mouse hepatitis virus of low virulence in nude mice.

A persisting type of infection with wasting syndrome was established in congenitally athymic nude mice after intraperitoneal inoculation with a mouse hepatitis virus which was not fully pathogenic for heterozygous haired littermates. From the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and brain of most infected nude mice, the virus was detected at high titers during aperiod from 6 to 35 days postinfection, occurrence of degenerative and necrotic lesions being correlated with virus titers in these organs. The titer of serum neutralizing antibody remained undetectable or very low in most diseases nude mice, whereas some animals resisting the infection could produce antibody at a later stage. In heterozygous haired mice, some lesions were detectable at a very early stage of infection in the spleen and liver, but they seemed to disappear with a marked elevation of the neutralizing antibody titer. Nude mice were able to resist the virus infection when they had previously received transfer of thymocytes from weanling heterozygous littermates.     

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in captive black-footed ferrets

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with genes for heat stabile toxins Sta and STb was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract and multiple visceral organs of three adult and three juvenile black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) that died in a captive breeding colony between 24 May 1998 and 2 July 1998. Similar isolates were obtained from rectal swabs of one adult and one juvenile that were clinically ill. All were fed a diet composed of mink chow, raw rabbit meat, beef liver powder, blood meal and lard. Escherichia coli of the same toxin genotype was isolated from the mixed ration. Clinical signs included sudden death, dehydration, anorexia and diarrhea. Necropsy lesions included acute enteritis with large numbers of rod shaped bacteria microscopically visible on intestinal villi.     

Necrotic enteritis challenge models with broiler chickens raised on litter: evaluation of preconditions, Clostridium perfringens strains and outcome variables

The effect of Clostridium perfringens challenge, number of challenge days, and pre-challenge antibiotic treatment on the induction of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens raised on litter was studied, and the relationship between bacterial counts and frequency of gut lesions was evaluated. Specific intestinal lesions in randomly selected birds were present despite a lack of disease-specific mortality. Challenge, number of challenge days and frequency of lesions were associated with median counts of C. perfringens. The effect of pre-challenge C. perfringens counts and antibiotics cannot be evaluated unless procedures for the control of pre-challenge infection and methods for the differentiation between wild-type and challenge strains are established.     

人工饲养条件下死亡实验恒河猴肠道病理改变特点分析

目的观察人工饲养条件下实验恒河猴肠道病理改变,探讨实验猴肠道疾病分布规律和病理改变特点,丰富实验猴自发病变基本研究资料。方法对1998-2008年云南地区饲养的自然死亡的155只恒河猴（年龄2-20岁）的肠道进行病理检查,按年龄分为幼年组、成年组、老年组,并对观察结果进行统计学分析。结果155例恒河猴中58例检出肠道病变,有慢性肠炎、急性肠炎、黏膜充血水肿、出血、糜烂、溃疡、穿孔、寄生虫共8种主要病变,出现率最高的为急性肠炎（20．00％）。实验猴不同年龄组肠道病变类型分布基本相同,肠道病变率随年龄增长而增高,不同年龄组间统计学分析差异无显著性。结论人工饲养条件下死亡实验猴肠道病变检出率较高,急性肠炎是实验猴的主要致死原因之一,实验猴肠道病理改变随年龄增长而病变加重。对实验猴饲养和研究时,应重视肠道病变因素,尤其是急性肠炎。死亡实验猴肠道病变研究对实验猴的质量控制和相关动物实验有重要指导价值。     

Necrotizing lesions in the intestine, gizzard, and liver in captive capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) associated with Clostridium perfringens.

During the period from 1982 to 1991, 863 captive and 32 wild capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) were necropsied. The most common cause of death in captive capercaillies was necrotizing enteritis, diagnosed in 110 (13%) birds. Of these, 31 (28%) birds also had necrotizing lesions in the liver. Necrotizing gastritis occurred in 29 birds, two of which had concurrent necrotizing enteritis. In the capercaillies with necrotizing enteritis, Clostridium perfringens type A was isolated more frequently and in larger numbers than in birds which died from other causes. Thus, Clostridium perfringens type A may be of etiological importance in necrotizing enteritis. Necrotizing enteritis was not diagnosed in wild capercaillies.     

Parasitic enteritis in superb lyrebirds (Menura novaehollandiae)

Ten free-living superb lyrebirds (Menura novaehollandiae) from forest habitat in southern Victoria, Australia were examined at necropsy over a 10 yr period. The acanthocephalan Plagiorhynchus menurae was identified in two lyrebirds from forest habitat in southern Victoria, Australia. There was necrotic enteritis in the duodenum associated with the acanthocephalans, with secondary bacterial involvement. The lesions probably resulted in the observed emaciation and debilitation of the birds. Probably the forest-floor habitat and insect diet of lyrebirds exposes them to these infections.     

Hepatic lesions in experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection of mice

Mice orally infected with Campylobacter jejuni developed focal infiltrative necrotic lesions in the liver, as determined by both histology and liver function tests. The initial histopathological feature was a focal infiltrative lesion in the parenchyma and portal triads. Foci of infiltrative lesions became necrotic between days 30 and 60 post-inoculation (p.i.). During this period, portal infiltrates increased in severity. From month 4 p.i., focal areas of infiltrative necrosis in the liver parenchyma became extensive. Study of liver function demonstrated mild elevations of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase, and also the presence of hypoalbuminaemia. Although histopathological changes of the liver became gradually more marked after day 30 p.i., liver functions of infected mice were most affected at 2 months p.i. The capacity of C. jejuni to induce hepatic lesions seemed to be related to that of organisms to persist in the gall bladder; there was no correlation between biliary carriage in infected mice and positive faecal culture.     

An outbreak of "wet tail" in hamsters due to Tyzzer's organism (author's transl)

In a colony of Golden hamsters, many animals were found to show signs of "wet tail", and spontaneous deaths occurred during two months. With this outbreak of wet tail and death, etiologic and pathologic studies were made on 11 cases supplied from the colony. Gross pathologic examination disclosed hemorrhagic enteritis in 10 and necrotic foci in the liver in 5 out of 10 cases examined. A number of bacilli morphologically suggestive of Tyzzer's organisms were detected on smears of cut surfaces of the affected intestines and livers. After inoculation with homogenate of the intestines from the moribund cases into hamsters by oral route, the same clinical manifestations as observed in spontaneous cases were reproduced, and the inoculated animals died in 10 to 14 days with numerous Tyzzer's organisms in their intestines and livers. When apparently healthy hamsters were introduced into contaminated cages with soiled bedding which were allowed to stand at room temperature for about 2 months, most of them developed signs of wet tail and died in 5 to 19 days having liver necrosis characteristic of Tyzzer's disease.     

An observation of Clostridium perfringens in Greater Sage-Grouse

Mortality due to infectious diseases is seldom reported in the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). A case of necrotic enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringens type A is described in a free-ranging adult male sage-grouse in eastern Oregon. Clostridial enteritis is known to cause outbreaks of mortality in various domestic and wild birds, and should be considered as a potential cause of mortality in sage-grouse populations.     

荧光假单胞菌感染大鲵的病理损伤

通过对感染荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescents)发病的大鲵(Andrias davidianus)主要器官进行病理剖解和病理组织学观察,以明确大鲵感染荧光假单胞菌引起的病理学损伤特点。结果表明,大鲵感染荧光假单胞菌后,主要表现为腹部极度膨胀、腹水和严重胃肠道反应,严重者可见将胃呕吐至口腔;组织器官具有典型的病理变化,其主要靶器官为肾、肝、肠道、皮肤和肌肉。分别引起坏死性肾小球肾炎、肝炎。此外,还可引起轻微肠炎及皮炎。可在肾小管管腔内、肝细胞坏死灶内、肠道固有层内及皮肤肌肉中发现数量极多的杆状细菌。     

An outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in a small indoor breeding colony of red-bellied (Saguinus labiatus) tamarins

A spontaneous outbreak of yersiniosis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype IIB occurred in a small indoor breeding colony of red-bellied tamarins (Saguinus labiatus) during the winter of 1981. Of 35 monkeys at risk 6 died of an acute or subacute infection over a period of 23 days. Clinical signs were anorexia, weakness, listlessness and depression. The disease was characterized by focal necrosis of the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, ulcerative enteritis, and the presence of colonies of Gram-negative bacilli in the lesions. Y. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from the liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and kidney but not from the blood, lung or intestine. Contaminated food was believed to be the source of infection.     

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BLCC1-0238 Alone or in Combination with Mannan-Oligosaccharides Alleviates Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis in Broilers

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE) is a severe intestinal disease in broilers which brings huge economic losses to poultry industry. Herein, the effects of...     

Herpes-like virus infection in Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides): pathology, ultrastructure and molecular analysis

A moribund juvenile Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) with skin lesions and ulceration was found in Dongting Lake, China. Pathologic examination, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction of liver tissue revealed widely distributed necrotic lesions, sinusoidal dilatation, congestion and herpes-like virus particles.     

轮状病毒肠炎患儿的临床表现与肠道外多脏器损伤的相关性

目的：探讨轮状病毒（RV）肠炎患儿的在腹泻、呕吐、发热及脱水程度等临床表现与肠外多脏器损伤的相关性。方法：选取2009年1月-2012年6月在我院儿科住院治疗的轮状病毒肠炎患儿193例,留取其大便、尿液及血液,以便进行大便常规、肠道细菌培养、RV抗原检查、尿常规、血常规以及生化指标检测,所有患儿行胸部X线、心电图等常规检查,并根据诊断标准判断其肠外脏器损伤情况。结果：193例RV肠炎患儿中有呼吸系统损伤120例,占62．17％,心肌损伤82例,占42．49％,肝脏损伤63例,占32．64％,肾脏损伤22例,占11．40％,神经系统损伤15例,占7．77％;呕吐持续≥3d与呼吸系统损伤、肾脏损伤及神经系统损伤有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;腹泻≥10次／d与呼吸系统损伤有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;发热持续≥3d及中重度脱水与心肌损伤、肝脏损伤、肾脏损伤及神经损伤有相关性,差异有统计学意义（P（0．05）。结论：RV肠炎患儿临床表现严重程度与肠外脏器损伤存在一定的相关性。     

Pathological changes in cultured channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus spontaneously infected with Streptococcus iniae

The pathological changes present in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus spontaneously infected by Streptococcus iniae are described. The most consistent gross findings were marked petechial hemorrhages of the skin and congestion of internal organs, particularly the liver, spleen and kidneys. Other features included color fading at the edge of fin rays, enteritis and ascites. Histological examination showed oedema, degeneration and necrotic changes in many organs. Further, hepatitis, splenitis, interstitial nephritis, and meningitis with numerous monocyte and neutrocyte infiltrates were evident. Intact S. iniae cells were seen in macrophages. Apparently, spontaneous S. iniae infection caused acute septicaemia in channel catfish. This is the first histopathological report on channel catfish naturally infected with S. iniae.     

The ability of disease and non-disease producing strains of Clostridium perfringens from chickens to adhere to extracellular matrix molecules and Caco-2 cells

Clostridium perfringens is a major enteric pathogen that is responsible for causing necrotic enteritis of poultry. The ability to adhere to the host’s intestinal epithelium and to extracellular matrix molecules (ECMM) in the gut, are strategies used by numerous bacterial enteropathogens, however, C. perfringens has received comparatively little attention in this respect. The present study investigated sixteen type A C. perfringens isolates from chickens, with varying disease producing ability with respect to necrotic enteritis in chickens, for their ability to adhere to nine different extracellular matrix molecules (ECMM) and to the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. C. perfringens strains were able to bind to ECMMs and there was strain variation. Strains of C. perfringens that produced severe disease, were capable of binding to collagen type III, IV and V, fibrinogen, laminin and vitronectin at higher levels than less severe disease producing strains, suggesting that the ability to adhere to ECMMs might enhance virulence with respect to induction of necrotic enteritis. In addition, severe disease producing strains also bound better to collagen type III and IV and fibrinogen, than non-disease producing strains. The present study also showed that some strains of C. perfringens possessed the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells; however no relationship was found between the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells and disease producing ability.     

A study of the features of E. coli bacteroid infection in experiments on mice

Experiments on the intraperitoneal infection of F1 (CBA X C57BL/6) mice with bacteroids of the group Fragilis in combination with E. coli have revealed the presence of a synergic effect leading to more pronounced (greater frequency of abscess formation) and even qualitatively new (necrotic lesions of the liver) pathological changes in comparison with those observed in monoinfections. Bacteroides fragilis strain 1/1087 gamma has been shown to have greater virulence than that of Bacteroides vulgaris strain 18; their virulence was determined from the capacity of microorganisms for survival in the abdominal cavity of mice, as well as from their capacity for inducing the formation of necrotic lesions and abscesses.