草原兔尾鼠的生长发育

在人工饲养条件下，对初生至１００日龄的草原兔尾鼠进行逐日观察，并测量其个体的体重、体长、尾长、、后足长、记录其生长发育特征。幼鼠睁眼期为１０－１２日龄；自由采食期为１５－１８日龄；断奶期为１９－２０日龄；性成熟期为４５－６０日龄。生长发育大致分为四个阶段；乳鼠阶段，初生至１５日龄，体长７０毫米以下；幼鼠阶段，１６－３０日龄，体长７０－８４毫米；亚成体阶段，３０－６０龄，体长８５－９２毫米；成体阶段     

草原兔尾鼠心电图的分析

本文采用标准双极导联（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）、加压单极肢导联（ａＶＲ、ａＶＬ、ａＶＦ）和单极胸导联（Ｖａ、Ｖｂ、Ｖｃ）,对经１０％乌拉坦麻醉状态下的１１９只成体草原兔尾鼠进行心电图测定,同时对２０只昆明系小白鼠作为对照比较。结果表明,草原兔尾鼠的平均心率为５５８．５４±５４．５９次／ｍｉｎ,均为窦性心率,额面心电轴平均５９．６１±１２．６３度。ＰＤ－Ｒ、ＱＲＳ波、Ｑ－Ｔ、Ｐ波平均间期分别为３８．２９±６．４８、１２．７０±０．４６、２７．６２±７．３７、１２．３４±４．０９毫秒。Ｐ波和Ｔ波的方向与主波Ｒ波一致。在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢａＶＬ、ａＶＦ和Ｖａ导联为正,在ａＶＲ导联均为负向。无典型的Ｓ－Ｔ段,ＱＲＳ波群与Ｔ波部分重叠,Ｑ－Ｔ间期较短。     

正常草原兔尾鼠的血象

草原兔尾鼠是一种新开发的实验动物。本文首次报道了在人工驯养和繁殖条件下，测定了１１９只该鼠正常血象值及血细胞大小。血象结果，性别间、不同采血时间亦无显著性差异；不同年龄组，仅血小板值有显著性差异，高年龄组稍有增加。     

封闭群草原兔尾鼠肝脏和胰腺的组织学观察

首次对封闭群草原兔尾鼠的肝脏、胰腺进行了组织学观察,结果表明：1．草原兔尾鼠的肝脏纤维组织极少,肝小叶间界限不明显;部分中央静脉周围可见少量毛细胆管;门管区较少,分布不均匀,其静脉形状不规则、腔大,胆管及动脉则较小。2．胰腺分叶清晰,腺泡细胞较大,胞浆多呈嗜酸染色;小叶中部腺泡着色较深,外侧腺泡着色较浅;胰岛大小不等,细胞排列呈不规则索状,光镜下未见特殊改变。     

封闭群草原兔尾鼠正常血液生化指标的测定

利用雅培 (AEROSET)全自动血液生化测定仪对封闭群草原兔尾鼠 2 3项血液正常生化指标进行了测定。与昆明小鼠、BALB c nu小鼠、Wistar大鼠、人的正常值相比较 ,该种实验动物血液正常生化指标具有以下特点 :①总蛋白 (TPROT)、白蛋白 (ALB)、球蛋白 (GLOB)、总胆红素 (TBILI)、直接胆红素 (DBILI)、间接胆红素 (IBILI)、尿素氮 (UREA)、二氧化碳 (CO2 )、甘油三脂 (TG)、胆固醇 (CHOL)、钠 (Na)、氯 (Cl)、镁(Mg)、总钙 (TCA)的测定值 ,五者间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;②封闭群草原兔尾鼠与昆明小鼠相比 ,谷草转氨酶 (AST)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、糖 (GLU)、钾 (K)、磷 (P3 + )存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;③封闭群草原兔尾鼠与BALB c nu小鼠相比 ,谷草转氨酶 (AST)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)、糖 (GLU)测定值 ,存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;④封闭群草原兔尾鼠与Wistar大鼠相比 ,谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、钾、糖测定值 ,存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;⑤封闭群草原兔尾鼠与人相比 ,谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、肌肝 (CREAT)、尿酸 (UA)、钾 (K)存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。结果表明 :该种动物可能适合于作为研     

高原鼠兔种群年龄结构和动态

我们于1974—1982年,在青海省海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站,对高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzon-iae)的种群年龄结构和动态进行了一些研究,现简报如下:1.各年龄组的季节变化 根据1978年采集的814个标本,按照施银柱等(1978)在《灭鼠和鼠类生物学研究报告》第三集中介绍的方法,参考室内饲养的资料,将鼠兔分为5个年龄组:幼体1组、幼体2组、亚成体组、成体组和老体组(图1)。结果表明:4月,种群由成体和老体组成,分别为87.7％和12.3％,说明鼠     

草原兔尾鼠卵透明带3基因原核表达条件的优化

目的：通过大肠杆菌原核表达系统制备草原兔尾鼠卵透明带3（LZP3）融合蛋白,作为草原兔尾鼠疫苗免疫抗生育研究的抗原物质。方法：将LZP3基因的核心片段构建到融合表达载体pGEX-4T-1K中GST的3’端,形成GST-LZP3融合基因,经本科切鉴定和序列分析证实基因序列的正确性。在不同温度,不同时间和不同IPTG浓度进行诱导后,用SDS-PAGE检测融合蛋白的表达,发现有一条分子量约63kD的新增蛋白条带。结果：研究表明在37℃,25℃的不同温度条件下均能诱导出LZP3蛋白,经SDS-PAGE和间接ELISA法检测,初步证明了LZP3基因能够在大肠杆菌中有效表达可溶性的融合蛋白。结论：获得了LZP3融合蛋白表达的最佳诱导条件,为大量诱导产生LZP3融合蛋白奠定了理论基础。     

高原鼠兔种群的性比

The sex ratio (♂ / ♀ ) of plateau pika's (Ochotona curzoniae) population was studied by re-captured method in the region of the Haibei Mpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences from April of 2001 to August of 2002. The result showed that there was no significant difference from 1:1 in adult's sex ratio in whole breeding season, whereas the sex ratio of juvenile had some fluctuations among different age stages. The sex ratio of the second litter varied significantly from embryo to 60-day-old, but no difference at the first and the third litter. We concluded it was caused by conflict between maternal strategy and juvenile's strategy. No significant differences of sex ratio were found both in adult and juvenile between 2001 and 2002. The sex ratio of plateau pika before and after overwintering did not vary. In summary,we proposed that sex ratio of plateau pika's population was not influenced by exogenous factors, but some serf-regulation mechanisms may be involved.     

年龄和性别因素对封闭群草原兔尾鼠正常血液生化指标的影响

目的　探讨性别和年龄因素对封闭群草原兔尾鼠正常血液生化指标的影响。方法　利用雅培(AEROSET)全自动血液生化测定仪对雄性组、雌性组、1月龄 2月龄组和 2 4月龄组封闭群草原兔尾鼠的 2 3项血液正常生化指标进行了测定。结果　两年龄组各指标间以及两性别组各指标间均无统计学差异。结论　本实验中封闭群草原兔尾鼠的性别因素和年龄 (1月龄 - 2月龄年龄段和 2 4月龄年龄段 )因素对测定的 2 3项正常血液生化指标没有显著影响。     

Population ecology of an afro-tropical savanna herb,Lapeirousia rivularis,in Zambia

Detailed demographic studies of herbaceuos plants in afro-tropicalsavannas are extremely rare in published literature. I studied phenology andpopulation dynamics of a perennial herb, Lapeirousiarivularis Wanntorp, at a savanna site in Zambia over a 4-yearperiod, from 1997 to 2001, using enumeration techniques in permanent andtemporary quadrants. The age of the plants was accurately determined frompersistent annual sheaths that accumulate around the corm throughout the lifeofthe plant while the estimated survivorship of the 1998 cohort was developedfroma mathematical model based on the observed mortality of the cohort over a3-yearperiod.L. rivularis completed its annual phenological cycle in asingle rainy season. Plants sprouted from perennating corms in early December,flowered, fruited and dispersed seeds by end of January. Seeds germinatedimmediately after dispersal and seedlings produced small corms before aerialparts died early in the dry season. L. rivularis has twomorphs: a vegetative morph and a reproductive morph; the latter bears severalleaves and flower stalks. In the vegetative morph, the corm is renewed annuallywhile the corms of the reproductive morph did not appear to be renewed. Insteadcorms grew larger and produced lateral daughter corms that became independentramets the following rainy season.Most L. rivularis plants reached reproductive maturitywhen they were 6–10 years old. Reproductive success, seedlingestablishment and recruitment varied from year to year in the grassland plotperhaps because of fluctuations in weather conditions and heavy episodic insectherbivory. The survivorship curve of L. rivularis wascharacteristically concave due to high juvenile mortality (0.2–0.5) andvery low adult mortality (0.03). Although about 3% of the plants live to be upto 30–35 years, the mean age of the population in 2001 was 6.4 yearsbecause of the predominance of juvenile plants. The production of a protectivesheath at the end of the rainy season and the accumulation of old sheathsaroundthe fleshy corm are apparent adaptations against desiccation during the longdryseason drought when the topsoil remains below wilting point. The high juvenilemortality during the dry season is probably caused by inadequate protection bythe few sheaths around the corm against desiccation.Population dynamics in L. rivularis were caused byvariable annual recruitment and high juvenile mortality. Population densitydoubled in 1999 due to good fruiting success in the previous season that wasassociated with good weather conditions and negligible herbivory. Althoughcultivation had a significant negative effect on the population of L.rivularis, it increased consistency in fruiting success andproduction of fruits per plant, presumably because of improvement insoil-moisture status, reduction in plant competition and by providing temporalescape from insect herbivory through delayed flowering. The phenology and lifehistory of L. rivularis exhibit adaptations to a savannaenvironment that is characterized by disturbance and stress caused by seasonaldrought, fire, episodic herbivory and cultivation.     

木垒国际狩猎场天山盘羊种群调查

2010年到2013年,每年夏天,作者采用地图样带法对新疆木垒国际狩猎场天山盘羊(Ovis ammon karelini)的种群数量开展了调查,2010年和2011年调查区域面积为94.67 km2,2012年和2013年调查区域面积为72.97 km2。结果表明,2010年和2011年盘羊密度分别为(1.33±0.29)只/km2、(1.59±0.40) 只/km2由于狩猎活动干扰,2012和2013年盘羊密度显著下降,分别为(0.35±0.08) 只/km2、(029±0.17) 只/km2。在总计4次调查记录的83群319只个体中,大部分为雌性,说明这一区域是雌性天山盘羊主要的夏季栖息地。群体大小从1 ~ 17 只不等,平均群体大小为(3.84±0.35)只。食物资源的相对缺乏导致木垒国际狩猎场天山盘羊平均群体大小明显小于天山山区其他区域的种群,而相对较高的幼羊与雌羊比(45.5 : 100)说明木垒国际狩猎场适宜盘羊生存,为天山盘羊的理想生境。     

典型草原区达乌尔鼠兔繁殖生态学的初步研究

达乌尔鼠兔是我国典型草原区的主要鼠种之一,对其繁殖特征知之甚少。作者于2009年7-11月和2010年4-9月在内蒙古典型草原区采用整洞群夹捕的取样方法捕获了199只达乌尔鼠兔(Ochotona dauurica),对其种群数量、性比、繁殖特征和年龄结构进行了研究。结果显示：2009年鼠兔数量118只,2010年81只;雌鼠数量显著多于雄鼠;达乌尔鼠兔的繁殖期为3-9月,高峰期集中在4-6月份,平均胎仔数为6.15±0.50(n=13);2009年的7-9月幼年和亚成年比例均小于50%,成年个体成为种群的重要成分;2010年幼体主要集中在5-7月份,且6月和7月幼体和亚成体的数量超过了成年鼠兔的数量,8-9月份种群的主要成员为亚成年和成年鼠兔。达乌尔鼠兔种群繁殖特征是对草原环境适应的体现。     

武夷山木荷种群结构和动态的研究

 本文采用“空间序列代替时间变化”的方法,对武夷山区常绿阔叶林演替过程中木荷种群动态规律进行了研究,结果表明,在木荷种群侵入黄山松幼林向木荷林以及成熟木荷、甜槠、青冈林的发展过程中,种群结构由增长型→稳定型→成熟型→衰退型,空间分布格局由随机型趋于集群分布,种群密度呈现负增长;在成熟木荷、甜槠、青冈林中,由于种间和种内竞争的影响以及林窗效应,木荷种群结构和密度有一个波动性的变化过程,在这一变化过程中,木荷种群仍趋于集群分布。此外,对成熟木荷、甜槠、青冈林中木荷种群不同大小级的分布格局动态进行了研究,表明其幼苗、幼树和中树等级的个体均呈集群分布,而大树等级的个体呈随机分布。根据上述研究结果,对木荷种群动态机制作了探讨。     

A Preliminary Study on the Population of Cathaya argyrophylla in Bamianshan Mountain

Cathaya argyrophylla Chun et Kuang is a China endemic and endangered evergreen conifer, listed in the Red Data Book of plant in China, with less than 5000 individuals remaining on earth. The age structure of C. argyrophylla population in Bamianshan Mountain showed its stability, but was different among metapopulations, especially in the aged Cathaya forests there often appeared a lack of generation continuety. Though the aboveground biomass of the population varied from 30000 kg · ha-1 to 110000 kg · ha-1 with different metapopulations, the increment of the biomass had no significant difference among metapopulations but could basically reflect the productivity of this population in that area. Its distribution patterns were mainly contagious, even when the shrub cover was very high and random in young Cathaya stands.     

大沙鼠种群年龄结构的季节变化和繁殖特征

2003~2004年在内蒙古包头市达茂联合旗腾格淖尔地区对大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus)年龄组成的季节变化及其繁殖特征进行了研究。结果表明,大沙鼠的年龄组成存在着明显的季节变化和年度之间的差异,在2月至次年的4月没有幼体,6月无亚成体;大沙鼠的性比无论从总体还是各个年龄组看,均存在着差异,特别到老体,这种差异更加突出。在内蒙古包头腾格淖尔地区的大沙鼠一年中部分个体参与第三胎繁殖,而且其繁殖状况存在着年际之间的差异。     

A Study on the Structural Dynamics and Spacial Pattern of Vatica xishuangbannaensis Population

The contiguous grid quadrats were applied to sampling for field data and the static life table of Vatica Xishuangbannaensis population, which is one of main dominant and rare species of tropical seasonal rain forest was set up, in Bubeng region situated in the south of Yunnan province (about N 20°30′,E 101°35′ ). The population was an unstable intermittent population. The spatial pattern of the population was of the contagious distribution-random distribution-uniform distribution from sapling to adult tree. The type of the population regeneration obeys the mosaic or cyclical theory of regeneration. According to population dynamics and spacial pattern the authors have proposed advancal method of managenment and administration, and ways of protection and utilization of V. xishuangbannaensis population.     

宋朝中国人的姓氏分布与群体结构分化

姓氏是一种十分有用的文化遗传因子,它的传递方式类似于Ｙ染色体的表现。１０００年前宋朝（公元９６０￣１１７９年）中国人姓氏频率的分布,是一组十分吻合Ｋａｒｌｉｎ－ＭｃＧｒｅｇｏｒ的中性等位基因分布理论的随机数据。１６个省区的姓氏种类丰度的相对参数α和迁移率的相对参数ｖ的分析,反映了这一时期的中国人群的迁移和人群间混合的程度。姓氏遗传距离和现状聚类图的分析,表明在１０００年前的宋朝中国人群已经形成了南