植物激素相关核酸和蛋白质二级数据库的构建与应用

以NCBI维护的一级数据库为数据源建立植物激素相关核酸和蛋白质二级数据库。将该二级数据库设计为基因、蛋白质和文献三部分,编写软件从上述数据源中采集数据,并以XML作为中间格式保存,通过解析提交到二级数据库中并集成部分生物信息学工具软件,初步实现了数据检索、统计分析、基于Web的本地化BLAST同源序列检索、序列的自动拼接以及蛋白质结构和功能位点的分析等功能。该二级数据库的构建为植物激素作用分子机理研究提供了高针对性的植物激素数据源和生物信息学辅助工具。     

蛋白质二级结构预测样本集数据库的设计与实现

将数据库技术应用到蛋白质二级结构预测的样本集处理和分析上,建立了二级结构预测样本集数据库。以CB513样本集为例介绍了该数据库的构建模式。构建样本数据库不仅便于存储、管理和检索数据,还可以完成一些简单的序列分析工作,取代许多以往必须的编程。从而大大提高了工作效率,减少错误的发生。     

植物激素的受体和诱导基因

植物激素在植物生长发育的诸多方面发挥着重要作用。近年来,随着植物分子遗传学和分子生物学的发展,有关植物激素信号转导分子机制的研究取得了较大的进展。本文介绍了生长素、赤霉素、脱落酸和乙烯四种植物激素信号转导途径中的受体和诱导基因的研究进展,并展望了用生物信息学方法研究植物激素诱导基因的前景。     

生物数据库建立与应用的研究

生物信息学是一门在生命科学的研究中计算机科学与生物学及应用数学等多学科相互交叉而形成的综合性学科。主要介绍了生物信息学数据库的分类和生物信息学数据库的特点及其应用,同时对生物信息学数据库的未来发展作了进一步的展望。     

中华民族基因组多态性数据库的构建

为配合总体的实验研究构建了中华民族基因组多态性(Genomic Polymorphism of Chinese Ethnic Groups,简称GPCEG)数据库,现已初步建成包括民族名称、基本情况介绍、体态特征、基因多态性数据、永生细胞株系、参考文献、国际相关数据库连接等内容的数据库,并完成了其可视化浏览及查询系统的建立,为建成具有中国特色的国家自有数据库奠定了基础,也可为从事相关研究的科学工作者提供信息服务。     

植物激素相关microRNA研究进展

microRNA（miRNA）是22nt左右的非编码RNA,主要在转录后水平调节基因的活性。miRNA通过与靶基因的互补位点结合从而降解靶基因mRNA或抑制其翻译。近年的研究发现,miRNA在植物生长发育中发挥着重要的调控作用。目前已知一些miRNA参与植物激素信号途径的切入点,这为我们了解miRNA和植物激素在植物发育中的作用提供了新思路。本文综述了miRNA参与植物激素信号应答及生物合成的研究进展,并对一些miINA在植物激素信号应答中可能的作用进行了讨论。     

植物激素与抗寒力的关系

本文介绍植物激素与抗寒力关系的研究概况,着重阐述各种植物激素对抗寒力的影响,讨论植物激素影响抗寒力的可能机理,并对某些问题提出自己的看法。     

农业生物信息数据库发展现状及应用

农业生物信息数据库是农业科学研究者的基础工具,利用数据库中的大量信息,便于进行农业生物的改良与保护。本文介绍了农业生物信息数据库的发展状况及其应用,并讨论了目前农业生物信息数据库存在的问题。     

不定根形成与植物激素的关系

不定根形成的关键是其原基的形成,是一个受激素调控的复杂过程,生长素起关键的调节作用.该文介绍生长素、乙烯、细胞分裂素、赤霉素、脱落酸和其它植物生长调节物质在不定根形成中的作用,并讨论了它们之间的相互关系.     

Large-scale Identification of N-Glycosylated Proteins of Mouse Tissues and Construction of a Glycoprotein Database, GlycoProtDB

Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that plays important roles in terms of protein function. However, analyzing the relationship between glycosylation and protein function remains technically challenging. This problem arises from the fact that the attached glycans possess diverse and heterogeneous structures. We believe that the first step to elucidate glycan function is to systematically determine the status of protein glycosylation under physiological conditions. Such studies involve analyzing differences in glycan structure on cell type (tissue), sex, and age, as well as changes associated with perturbations as a result of gene knockout of glycan biosynthesis-related enzyme, disease and drug treatment. Therefore, we analyzed a series of glycoproteomes in several mouse tissues to identify glycosylated proteins and their glycosylation sites. Comprehensive analysis was performed by lectin- or HILIC-capture of glycopeptide subsets followed by enzymatic deglycosylation in stable isotope-labeled water (H(2)(18)O, IGOT) and finally LC-MS analyses. In total, 5060 peptides derived from 2556 glycoproteins were identified. We then constructed a glycoprotein database, GlycoProtDB, using our experimental-based information to facilitate future studies in glycobiology.     

糖核苷酸的生物合成和应用

糖基化是生物体中最重要的反应之一,通过糖基化作用可以形成具有多种生物功能的糖缀合物。糖核苷酸作为Leloir型糖基转移酶催化的转糖基反应的糖基供体,在聚糖和糖缀合物的生物合成中必不可少。然而,糖核苷酸的成本较高、可用性有限等因素阻碍了生物催化级联反应在工业中大规模的应用。因此,人们越来越关注糖核苷酸的合成策略,以实现其在多种领域的广泛应用。目前,糖核苷酸及其衍生物的化学合成方法已经建立起来,但合成反应的产量通常很低,而酶法（化学-酶法）和细胞工厂法在合成糖核苷酸过程中具有显著优势。本文主要围绕哺乳动物中常见的9种糖核苷酸,概述了其类型和结构、酶法（化学-酶法）和细胞工厂法两种制备方法。伴随糖核苷酸的高效合成,其多种功能逐渐被发现和应用。本文进一步概述了糖核苷酸在聚糖及糖缀合物合成、糖基转移酶生化性质表征以及生物正交标记策略等方面的应用,对生物化学、糖生物学的研究以及相关医药产品的研发具有十分重要的意义。     

糖核苷酸类化合物的合成与在生物学研究中的应用

糖基化是指在酶的作用下,蛋白质、脂质或小分子等连上糖类化合物的过程.它在生物体内广泛存在并有十分重要的生物学意艾.它是通过糖基转移酶催化完成的,其中糖核苷酸是糖基化过程中糖的供体.本文简要叙述了糖核苷酸类化合物的有机合成和生化合成的方法以及该类化合物在抗生素糖基化途径研究、糖基转移酶的生物化学研究和化学生物学机理研究中的应用.     

ProTherm: Thermodynamic Database for Proteins and Mutants.

The first release of the Thermodynamic Database for Proteins and Mutants (ProTherm) contains more than 3300 data of several thermodynamic parameters for wild type and mutant proteins. Each entry includes numerical data for unfolding Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change, heat capacity change, transition temperature, activity etc., which are important for understanding the mechanism of protein stability. ProTherm also includes structural information such as secondary structure and solvent accessibility of wild type residues, and experimental methods and other conditions. A WWW interface enables users to search data based on various conditions with different sorting options for outputs. Further, ProTherm is cross-linked with NCBI PUBMED literature database, Protein Mutant Database, Enzyme Code and Protein Data Bank structural database. Moreover, all the mutation sites associated with each PDB structure are automatically mapped and can be directly viewed through 3DinSight developed in our laboratory. The database is available at the URL, http://www.rtc.riken.go.jp/protherm.htm l     

NeeMDB: Convenient Database for Neem Secondary Metabolites

Indian Neem tree is known for its pesticidal and medicinal properties for centuries. Structure elucidation of large number ofsecondary metabolites responsible for its diverse properties has been achieved. However, this data is spread over various books,scientific reports and publications and difficult to access. We have compiled and stored structural details of neem metabolites inNeeMDB, a database which can be easily accessed, queried and downloaded. NeeMDB would be central in dissipating structuralinformation of neem secondary metabolites world over.     

蛋白质组图谱数据库的建立

中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物信息中心与蛋白质组研究中心将公布我国第一个蛋白质组图谱数据库。数据库由物理层、链路层、交互层三层构架组成 ,数据库开发全面采用Java技术 ,具有完全的平台无关性。用户可以方便地对数据库中的图谱进行浏览 ,还可以使用数据库提供的多种检索工具获得感兴趣蛋白质的具体信息     

A Database of Accurate Electrophoretic Migration Patterns for Human Proteins

Native molecular weight (MW) is one of the defining features of proteins. Denaturing gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a very popular technique for separating proteins and determining their MW. Coupled with antibody-based detection, SDS-PAGE is widely applied for protein identification and quantitation. Yet, electrophoresis is poorly reproducible and the MWs obtained are often inaccurate. This hampers antibody validation and negatively impacts the reliability of western blot data, resulting worldwide in a considerable waste of reagents and labour. We argue that, to alleviate these problems there is a need to establish a database of reference MWs measured by SDS-PAGE. Using mass spectrometry as an orthogonal detection method, we acquired electrophoretic migration patterns for approximately 10′000 human proteins in five commonly used cell lines. We applied a robust internal calibration of migration to determine accurate and reproducible molecular weights. This in turn allows merging replicates to increase accuracy, but also enables comparing different cell lines. Mining of the data obtained highlights structural factors that affect migration of distinct classes of proteins. When combined with peptide coverage, the data produced recapitulates known post-translational modifications and differential splicing and can be used to formulate hypotheses on new or poorly known processing events. The full information is freely accessible as a web resource through a user friendly graphical interface (https://pumba.dcsr.unil.ch/). We anticipate that this database will be useful to investigators worldwide for troubleshooting western blot experiments, but could also contribute to the characterization of human proteoforms.     

Statistical Analysis of the Loop-Geometry on a Non-Redundant Database of Proteins

The conformations of protein loops from a non-redundant set of 347 proteins with less than 25% sequence homology have been studied in order to clarify the topological variation of protein loops. Loops have been classified in five types (α-α, α-β, β-α, β-links and β-hairpins) depending on the secondary structures that they embrace. Four variables have been used to describe the loop geometry (3 angles and the end-to-end distance between the secondary structures embracing the loop). Loops with well defined geometry are identified by means of the internal dependency between the geometrical variables by application of information-entropy theory. From this it has been deduced that loops formed by less than 10 residues show an intrinsic dependency on the geometric variables that defines the motif shape. In this interval the most stable loops are found for short connections owing to the entropic energy analysed.