酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)半乳糖可诱导表达系统特性的研究

把大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶基因克隆到带有酵母半乳糖可诱导启动子GAL1的穿梭表达质粒pYESZ中,并把得到的重组质粒分别转化到两种不同遗传性状的宿主菌中,其中一株菌为蛋白酶活性缺失90％以上的pep4－3突变菌株。通过比较两株重组菌产生的β-半乳糖苷酶活性水平发现在所述实验条件下,蛋白酶缺失突变菌株中产生的β-卜半乳糖苷酶活水平不仅均要高于另一对照菌株,并且pep4-3突变菌株表现出受葡萄糖阻遏的严紧程度高及对诱导反应迅速等特点。此外,带有重组质粒的pep4－3突变菌株在葡萄糖阻遏培养基中最大生长量和重组对照菌株基本相同,但β-半乳糖苷酶在pep4－3突变菌株中的表达对细胞生长的影响明显小于对照菌株。     

mel基因在酿酒酵母菌中的克隆和表达*

构建了含mel基因的重组质粒pAJM,并转化到酿酒酵母菌中,获得了在平板上产生黑色表型的转化重组子,为酵母菌的遗传操作提供了一种新的选择标记。由于mel基因经酪氨酸产生的黑色素无毒、无害,安全稳定,无需另外加显色化合物或使用特殊的仪器设备,直接在平板上观察结果。因此,是一种便捷、价廉、无污染的新型报告基因。此外,实验中还发现含mel基因的酵母菌生长迅速,这不仅作为报告基因更能显示其优势,而且也为进一步研究其在酵母菌中的功能提出了新的内容。     

THE TIMING OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS IN THE CELL CYCLE OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Randomly dividing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were briefly exposed to radioactive adenine and then treated successively with dilute acid, ribonuclease, buffered formaldehyde, and NaOH. This treatment was shown to remove virtually all the radioactivity of the labelled cells other than that in DNA. Thus, in subsequent autoradiographs, only cells which had been synthesizing DNA during exposure to the precursor were labelled. The ages of these individuals within the cell cycle were estimated by measuring their sizes. This revealed that incorporation into DNA occurred almost exclusively during the first quarter of the cell cycle, starting with the initial appearance of the bud. This behaviour agreed closely with that of cells growing in artificially synchronized cultures.     

酵母金属硫蛋白对g12细胞抗γ射线损伤的作用

用胞质阻断法微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳法检测酵母金属硫蛋白（ＢＤ１０１Ｃｕ－ＭＴ）对(6０)Ｃｏ－γ射线诱发的ｇ１２细胞微核形成和ＤＮＡ链断裂的影响。结果表明１０和５０μｇ／ｍｌＢＤ１０１Ｃｕ－ＭＴ处理,对１或３Ｇｙγ射线诱发的双核微核细胞率和１Ｇｙγ射线诱发的彗星细胞频率及核ＤＮＡ迁移距离的增加有明显的抑制作用．提示酵母金属硫蛋白对γ射线诱发ｇ１２细胞的遗传损伤有拮抗作用．     

水解淀粉的酿酒酵母菌的构建

把黑曲霉糖化酶cDNA,酵母磷酸甘油激酶基因启动子区和终止区以及酵母Ty因子的δ序列构建成整合型的糖化酶表达分泌质粒pKG 1。该质粒转化酿酒酵母Y33得到整合型转化子。转化子分泌糖化酶活力在3.0μ/ml以上,在以5％可溶性淀粉为碳源的培养基中静止培养7d,淀粉利用率达86％,生成酒精的浓度与以5％葡萄糖为碳源时相等。     

酿酒酵母单倍体与双倍体原生质体的融合*

本文报道用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)原生质体融合,得到营养互补的融合子为三倍体,其生长速度、发酵速率均较亲株提高1—2倍。部分融合子酒精的产量高于亲株,同时高于目前使用的酒精发酵生产菌株。     

酿酒酵母单倍体与双倍体原生质体的融合

本文报道用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)原生质体融合,得到营养互补的融合子为三倍体,其生长速度、发酵速率均较亲株提高1—2倍。部分融合子酒精的产量高于亲株,同时高于目前使用的酒精发酵生产菌株。     

糖化酶基因的克隆和在酿酒酵母中表达

以穿梭质粒pLCl为载体,大肠杆菌C600为受体构建了扣囊拟内孢霉(Endomycopsis fibuligera)Sau34基因文库。从基因文库中提取重组质粒DNA,转化酿酒酵母BJ1991,选出具有淀粉水解酶活性的转化子,它含有编码扣囊拟内孢霉胞外糖化酶的基因片段,能发酵淀粉。琼脂糖凝胶电泳证明所插入DNA片段为5.3kb,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得糖化酶的分子量为54000。酶活最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5.5。     

Cln3缺失对酿酒酵母生长的影响

Cln3是酿酒酵母G1期周期蛋白中的一种,为了研究Cln3在细胞周期与形态发生中的作用,我们构建了酿酒酵母CLN3基因的缺失株,并对其表型进行了分析。结果显示,cln3缺失株对α信息素的敏感性增强,α信息素诱导的细胞周期停滞现象明显大于野生型菌株,这种增强作用不受Sgv1因子的影响。同时,与野生菌相比cln3缺失株的细胞形态也有明显变化,双倍体cln3缺失株细胞的顶端生长能力增强而单倍体细胞的侵入生长能力则受到抑制。结果表明,与酿酒酵母的另外两个G1期周期蛋白Cln1、Cln2不同,Cln3在形态发生中有其独特的功能与作用方式。     

蚕豆保卫细胞原生质体质膜ABA结合蛋白的理化特性

以蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)保卫细胞原生质体为材料,证明在其质膜外侧存在着对ABA高亲和力的结合蛋白。这种蛋白与ABA作用的最适pH为6.5;在25℃时.其特异结合比高于0℃时的特异结合比;在温育30min时即达到其最大结合。它与ABA作用的解离常数为2.0×10~(-8)mol/L,每个原生质体上大约有3.2×10~6个结合位点。该结合蛋白内部具有维持其功能所必须的二硫键,而且其功能的发挥要求介质中有一定浓度的Ca~(2 )的存在。     

COLCEMID INHIBITION OF CELL GROWTH AND THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A COLCEMID-BINDING ACTIVITY IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Under restricted culture conditions, the growth and division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inhibited by the antimitotic drug Colcemid; in contrast, the related drug colchicine had no effect. The difference in the sensitivity of yeast to these two agents was not dependent on their ability to permeate the cell but rather reflected an inherent difference in the affinity of the two drugs for a cellular-binding site. The binding moiety was characterized by gel filtration as a macromolecule of approximately 110,000 mol wt with an affinity constant for Colcemid of 0.5 x 10⁴ liters per mole; in addition, this macromolecule was retained by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion exchangers. On the basis of these properties, the Colcemid-binding substance in S. cerevisiae cells was provisionally identified as microtubule subunits.     

抗酸酵母遗传特性的初步研究

研究了酿酒酵母（Saccharomycescerevisiae）单倍体突变株YNN-27-24（a trp^-ura^-）对乳酸抗性产生原因及其遗传特性。结果表明,该突变株对乳酸的抗性不是由于对环境条件的适应,而是由基因突变所致。通过对A13-18（alys^-）和YNN-27-24进行杂交得到的30株杂交子代的遗传特性进行分析可以看出,YNNM-27-24突变株对乳酸和潮霉素B（HygromycinB）的抗性,均由单基因控制,并且     

嗜杀酿酒酵母毒素蛋白及其杀伤质粒的研究

Killer toxin from \%Saccharomyces cerevisiae\% SK was isolated by ultrafiltration of culture supernatants and purified by poly(ethylene glycol). The toxin migrates as one single protein band on SDS-PAGE and its molecular weight is 15kD. The SK toxin has the greatest lethal effect on the sensitive yeast strain in the lat lag phase. Extraction and purification of killer heretity factor(dsRNA) from SK found that M dsRNA plasmid and L dsRNA plasmid have different molecular lengths being 1.7kb and 4.0kb.