一株产低温碱性脂肪酶菌株的发酵条件优化

对一株产低温碱性脂肪酶细菌（Pseudoalteromonas sp．BJ17）的发酵条件进行了优化,研究各种碳源及氮源对产酶的影响,应用正交实验优化其发酵培养基组成。结果表明：最佳培养基组成为淀粉12g／L,蛋白胨12g／L,酵母膏3g／L,酪蛋白2g/L。最佳培养温度为25℃,发酵时间为16h。     

Aspergillus sp.脂肪酶发酵条件优化及酶学性质的研究

作者为了得到一种热稳定性较好的脂肪酶新酶种,通过研究分离白极端环境的Aspergillus sp．的最佳产酶条件及其所产脂肪酶的酶学性质,得出了该菌产酶的最佳发酵条件为：以1％黄豆饼粉为氮源、0．2％玉米淀粉为碳源,1．5％橄榄油为诱导物,起始pH6．0左右。装量10mL（250mL三角瓶。摇瓶转速180r／min）、发酵时间为96h。在最佳发酵条件下可得最大发酵酶活36U/mL。Aspergillus sp．所产的脂肪酶的酶学性质是：最适pH为9．0,在pH5．0—10．0于20℃下放置24h后,残余酶活仍保持在起始酶活的90％以上;该酶的最适温度为50℃,50℃保温60min后仍保留70％以上的酶活。Aspergillus sp．所产脂肪酶的热稳定性较好。     

高活力β-淀粉酶菌种的选育和发酵条件的研究

产β一淀粉酶的腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)Asl．447,通过紫外线、亚硝基胍和利福平的反复处理诱变,获得一株具有高活力β-淀粉酶的变异菌株M一3,产酶活力从74u／ml提高到5000—7000u／ml。牛肉汁液体培养基成分为：每100ml牛肉汁中加人蛋白胨1g,可溶性淀粉1g,酵母膏0．5g,NaCl 0．5g pH6．0。该变异菌的最适培养条件是：pH6—6．5 30℃48小时。酶的最适反应条件是：温度40℃,pH7 0,pH稳定范围是6—9,酶的抗热性较差,对可溶性淀粉水解率达85％以上。     

豆乳凝固醇产生菌UV—10发酵条件及其酶学性质的研究

豆乳凝固醇产生菌Bacillus sp.UV-10的最适产酶条件,初始pH6.4,温度26℃,培养时间19h,需要较大的通气量,酶的最适作用pH和温度分别为5．8和70℃,在最适条件下酶活力可达1.84u/mL,pH6.0-7.0稳定性较好,60℃下1h残余酶活60％,Ca^2 ,Fe^2 ,Mg^2 ,Na^2 对其有较强的激活作用,而Zn^2 ,Al^3 则有抑制作用。     

极端环境脂肪酶菌种库建立及其酶学性质研究

为得到特殊性质的脂肪酶酶种,从来源于极端环境的27份样品定向筛选脂肪酶产生菌,并构建了一个小型的菌种库。其中酵母L112在20℃,pH5．0时酶活为18．60u/ml,属低温酸性酶种。酶学性质研究表明,该酶最适作用温度为25-30℃,最适pH为5.4。在pH4.8,50℃条件下40min保持60%以上酶活。Mg^2 和Ca^2 对酶有激活作用,Zn^2 、Fe^2 、Cu^2 和EDTA有抑制作用。该产酶菌析经中国科学院微生物研究所鉴定为罗伦隐球酵母（Cryptococcus laurentii(Kufferath)C.E.Slcinner).     

球孢白僵菌Bb174固态发酵产几丁质酶产酶及酶学特征研究

对球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)Bb174产几丁质酶进行了固态发酵条件及酶学特征的研究．结果表明,以4：1麸皮：蚕蛹粉、蛋白胨1g·L^-1作为产酶最适培养基,在7．5g培养基中接种3ml液态种子,自然pH下28℃培养2d,酶活可达最高,为126U·g^-1(干培养基)．粗酶液的最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH5．0,在30-70℃保温1h,得半失活温度48℃．在30--40℃、pH4～6范围内,酶的性质最稳定．根据Lineweaver-Burk作图法,得到该酶的动力学参数Km为0．52mg·ml^-1,Vm为0．7△E680·h^-1．     

链霉菌Str s-2产木聚糖酶的条件及部分性质研究

通过碳氮源对链霉菌Str s-2产胞外木聚糖酶活性的影响,得出其适宜培养基为(g/L)：含半纤维素20,(NH4)2SO4 4．0,KH2PO4 1．0,MgSO4-7H2O 0．5,NaCl 0．3,CaCO3 1．0。用DNS法研究了该酶的性质结果表明其最适pH值为6．5,最适反应温度为55℃;Na^ 、K^ 、Ca^2 、Mg^2 等离子对酶有激活作用,而Zn^2 、Ag^ 、Fe^3 和Cu^2 离子则抑制酶的活性。     

影响枯草芽胞杆菌和荧光假单胞菌原生质体再生的因素

目的：为了提高再生率,对影响革兰阳性菌枯草芽胞杆菌KR株和革兰阴性菌荧光假单胞菌B13株原生质体再生的因素进行研究。方法：研究了酶解时间,再生方式,再生培养基中稳定剂的种类,Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、琥珀酸钠、L-色氨酸的浓度及培养基的放置时间对KR和B13株原生质体再生的影响。结果：对KR株酶解20min,采用夹层培养,再生培养基中加入0.6mol/L蔗糖、0.03mol/L Ca^2＋、0.02mol/L Mg^2＋、0.3mol/L琥珀酸钠、0.2mol/L L-色氨酸,培养基在37℃放置72h,原生质体再生率可达42.7%;对B13酶解15min,采用夹层培养,培养基中加入0.6mol/L NaCl、0.02mol/L Ca^2＋、0.01mol/L Mg^2＋、0.3mol/L琥珀酸钠、0.1mol/L L-色氨酸,培养基在37℃放置48h,原生质体再生率可达15.3%。结论：影响革兰阳性菌枯草芽胞杆菌KR株和革兰阴性菌荧光假单胞菌B13株原生质体再生的因素是不同的。     

碱性普鲁兰酶产生菌选育和发酵条件的研究

从儿童食品中分离筛选到1株产碱性普鲁兰酶活性较高的菌株,编号为SX－12,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.,研究了SX－12原生质体制备与再生最佳条件,其原生质体经紫外线诱变处理,选育出产碱性普鲁兰酶的高产菌株SX－12C67,酶活由出发菌株的2．42U/mL提高到6．87U／mL,提高了约1．8倍,在此基础上对产酶条件进行了优化,优化后的最佳发酵培养基为：可溶性淀粉3％,蛋白胨1．0％,酵母膏0．5％,K2HPO42％,MgSO4.7H2O0.05%MnCl20.0001%,最适p;H9.5,最适温度40℃,初步研究了酶的部分性质,酶反应的最适pH,温度分别为10．0－10．5和55℃,在55摄氏度反应条件下,酶在pH6.0-11.0的范围内都具有一定的活性,Ca^2 ,Mn^2 ,Mg^2 等离子是酶的激活性,Zn^2 ,Hg^2 等离子是抑制剂。     

手性拆分环氧氯丙烷菌株的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件研究

从土壤中筛选到5株环氧化物水解酶生产菌,并通过ITS序列鉴定了其中的C375菌,结果为黑曲霉（Aspergillus nigerZJB-09103）。考察了培养基不同碳源、氮源、金属离子和pH等对产酶的影响,得到了较佳的培养基条件：淀粉16g／L,豆饼粉3g／L,蛋白胨3g／L,KH2PO4 0．4g／L,K2HPO4 0．8g／L,MgSO4 0．2g／L,ZnSO4 0．03g／L,pH6．5。采用优化后的培养基条件,酶活力达到156．1U／L,比优化前初始发酵培养条件下的酶活提高了252％,当环氧化物水解酶催化时间为10h时,（s）-环氧氯丙烷的对映体过量值（e．e．）可达99．0％。产率为18．6％。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.