中药提取物对灰树花深层发酵产胞外多糖的影响

为筛选促进灰树花Grifola frondosa深层发酵的中药提取物,以期提高灰树花发酵产胞外多糖的产量,在灰树花液体深层发酵体系中添加12种中药(白花蛇舌草、金银花、淡竹叶、柚子皮、银杏叶、何首乌、薏苡仁、菊花、甘草、山药、枸杞、天麻)水提物和醇提物,以生物量和胞外多糖为指标,从中筛选出2种最适中药,并通过在发酵体系中单一添加和组合添加2种最适中药醇提物,确定2种中药的最适浓度和最适组合浓度。试验结果表明:对灰树花生物量与胞外多糖产量影响最大的中药是薏苡仁和天麻;添加薏苡仁醇提物质量浓度8 g/L时,灰树花生物量达到最大值,为14.43 g/L;发酵产胞外多糖的最佳条件为组合中药醇提物,即薏苡仁和天麻醇提物质量浓度均为6 g/L时,胞外多糖产量达3.61 g/L。试验结果为提高灰树花液体深层发酵的生物量和代谢产物合成量提供了新思路和新方法。     

灰树花深层发酵研究进展

综述了国内在灰树花深层发酵的最新进展,并作出了分析总结。     

糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的研究

研究了葡萄糖浓度和pH值调控对糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的影响。葡萄糖浓度为5％时胞外多糖产量最高;发酵液pH控制为3．5－4．0时有利于胞外多糖的合成;并守试了重复使用菌丝体在糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的新方法。     

微波辅助提取灰树花多糖工艺研究

采用提取时间、微波功率、液料比的单因素试验和正交试验法优化微波辅助提取灰树花多糖条件.结果表明,以净多糖得率为指标,影响微波辅助提取灰树花多糖的主次因素为:提取时间＞微波功率＞液料比,并且提取时间和微波功率的影响达到了极显著水平.灰树花多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:提取时间为10 min,微波功率为80%(全功率为800 W),液料比为25∶1.创立了一种用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖时排除蛋白质干扰的方法.     

糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的研究*

研究了葡萄糖浓度和pH值调控对糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的影响。葡萄糖浓度为5%时胞外多糖产量最高 ;发酵液pH控制为 3 5～ 4 0时有利于胞外多糖的合成 ;并尝试了重复使用菌丝体在糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的新方法。     

灰树花孔菌固体发酵基质抗氧化活性成分研究

选用燕麦、大豆、玉米、麸皮、大米、荞麦6种培养基质对灰树花孔菌进行固体发酵及抗氧化活性研究。结果表明：灰树花孔菌最佳抗氧化发酵基质为燕麦大豆培养基（燕麦16.25%,大豆83.75%）,最佳发酵时间为8d。灰树花孔菌燕麦大豆发酵基质抗氧化活性成分种类丰富,含量高。其中总黄酮物质40.86μg/g,总三萜5.94mg/g,多酚8.51mg/g,还原糖13.10mg/g,花色苷70.23μg/g,维生素C 24.57mg/g,维生素E 0.33mg/g,谷光甘肽（GSH）0.84g/g,SOD酶活性299.74U/g。     

均匀设计法优化灰树花深层培养基配方

系统研究了碳源、氮源、无机盐、维生素等培养基因素对灰树花深层发酵菌丝体产量的影响 ,并通过均匀设计法优化了发酵培养基配方。结果表明 :4 6 %玉米粉、3 5 %豆饼粉、0 1%葡萄糖、0 32 %KH2 PO4 、0 0 1%MgSO4 、少量VB1的培养基配方可使菌丝体产量达到最大。采用此配方试验 ,菌丝体产量平均值达 1 77± 0 0 6g/10 0mL。     

灰树花深层发酵工艺条件的研究

灰树花摇瓶发酵较佳条件 :QF培养基 ,2 5℃ ,pH4 5,装量 60mL/50 0mL三角瓶 ,转速 1 0 0r/min。在种子培养基中加 0 4%的CMC ,可增加种子液菌丝的生长点 ,从而提高菌丝量。在 1 0L气升式发酵罐上放大试验 ,菌丝量对初糖的生物转化率在 2 4 %以上 ,对耗糖的转化率达 435%。菌丝体中多糖含量达 1 0 2 % ,发酵液中多糖含量为 1 38%。     

灰树花发酵工艺及培养基研究

详细、系统地研究了碳源、氮源、无机盐、维生素以及种龄、接种量、摇床转速、摇瓶装液量和培养基 pH值等因素对灰树花液体深层发酵菌丝体产量的影响 ,结果表明 :玉米粉、葡萄糖为最佳碳源 ,豆饼粉为最佳氮源 ,KH2 PO4 ,MgSO4 以及少量VB1的添加均使菌丝体产量明显增加     

灰树花粗多糖的提取方法比较及其分离纯化

比较了几种常规粗多糖提取法与超临界CO2提取法对灰树花粗多糖提取的差异,同时对灰树花粗多糖进行脱蛋白、脱色研究。试验结果表明:热水浸提法所得灰树花粗多糖得率最高,为28.1%,而超临界CO2提取法所得粗多糖纯度最高,为39.3%。聚酰胺法脱蛋白及脱色效果较好,蛋白脱除率及脱色率分别为69.9%、61.9%,且多糖吸附率较低。将超临界CO2法提取的灰树花粗多糖采用聚酰胺法脱蛋白及脱色后,多糖得率为79.3%,纯度为50.1%。因此聚酰胺法是分离纯化灰树花粗多糖的一种简便、高效的方法。     

灰树花提取物清除氧自由基的研究

采用化学发光法比较了灰树花各提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基的清除效果。研究结果表明,灰树花子实体和菌丝体的提取物对羟基自由基均有很好的清除作用,灰树花菌丝体水提物(GFME)、灰树花子实体水提物(GFE)、灰树花子实体水提多糖(GFP)、灰树花子实体碱提多糖(GFAP)清除羟基自由基的IC50均小于1.0 mg/mL,其他提取物清除羟基自由基的IC50也均小于3.0 mg/mL。而对超氧阴离子自由基仅GFME、GFMP、GFE有清除作用,其他的提取物清除作用很弱。     

灰树花子实体与发酵菌丝体挥发性化合物分析

分别采用固体栽培法和液体发酵法对同一灰树花菌株进行培养,获得灰树花子实体和发酵菌丝体,并采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析技术对子实体和菌丝体的挥发性化合物进行了分析比较。结果表明,灰树花子实体和发酵菌丝体分别含有62种和94种挥发性物质,其中37种为相同物质,分别占总挥发性物质的86.81%和84.28%。灰树花子实体中含有醇(14种)、酮(13种)、醛(12种)、酸(7种)、酯(5种)等物质,主要以酯类(42.80%)、醛类(35.14%)物质为主,其中乙酸乙酯的相对含量达到了42.57%。发酵菌丝体中主要含有醛(22种)、酮(17种)、醇(16种)、酯(13种)、酸(12种)等挥发性物质,其中醛类、酯类、酸类、醇类分别占47.0%、10.90%、7.48%和5.94%。异戊醛和地衣酚的含量分别达到了23.31%、15.41%。     

灰树花菌株的复壮及常压室温等离子体诱变

【背景】实验室所用灰树花菌株系长期继代培养,易出现菌株退化。【目的】通过菌株复壮的方法实现菌株的生物学活性及性状的恢复,并借助高效诱变仪对菌株实施诱变,以期得到活性更高、遗传稳定的诱变株。【方法】分别以PDA加富培养基和PDA-板栗壳培养基为培养基质,采用尖端菌丝分离法进行菌株复壮,得到回复菌株原有的生物学活性及性状的复壮株P-2,为了进一步提高菌株的高产性能,利用常压室温等离子体(atmosphericroomtemperatureplasma,ARTP)诱变技术作用于复壮株P-2菌丝体,最终筛选到一株性能优良、遗传稳定性高的诱变株b-35。【结果】复壮后的菌株P-2菌丝干重和多糖含量分别达到1.18%和19.01%,较出发株分别提高35.17%和35.11%,通过发酵罐验证菌株的发酵周期由48h缩短至32h,菌株发酵活性及效率明显提高。诱变株b-35菌丝干重和多糖含量分别达到1.56%和25.07%,较复壮株P-2分别提高了40.15%和39.33%。【结论】ARTP诱变方法易操作、无污染且诱变效率高,是获得灰树花高产菌株的重要方式。     

发酵法生产猪苓菌丝体及猪苓多糖的研究

采用经选育的猪苓PU－99菌作为生产菌株,研究了其培养基组成,优化了深层发酵条件。在1吨罐中生产猪苓菌丝体：发酵36h,其菌丝体干重达2．3％,粗多糖含量在31．0％。对得到的猪苓菌丝体进行了有效成分的提取,并测定了猪苓多糖的分子量,分子量为29054,峰面积72．02％。     

桑黄液体发酵工艺的研究

通过对桑黄液体发酵培养基、培养条件优化实验研究,以获得具有与桑黄子实体相似功效成分的桑黄菌丝体液体发酵工艺。以菌丝体收率为主要考察指标,采用单因子及L9(34)正交实验的方法,对桑黄液体发酵培养基及培养条件进行优化,确定桑黄液体发酵工艺条件。桑黄液体发酵最佳培养基及培养条件:玉米粉2%,葡萄糖3%,酵母膏0.5%,蛋白胨0.5%,KH2PO40.3%,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.15%,VB120μg/100 m L,p H5.5,接种量8%,培养温度28℃,摇床转数180 r/min,培养周期82 h。优化条件下所获得桑黄菌丝体粉为土黄色,菌丝体平均得率为1.67%,菌丝体黄酮含量(0.84%)与桑黄子实体(0.88%)相当,菌丝体多糖含量(5.15%)是子实体(1.71%)的3倍。可见,该桑黄液体发酵工艺具有较大的推广应用价值。     

巴西蘑菇菌体深层发酵培养条件的优化及成分分析*

对巴西蘑菇深层发酵条件进行了详细的研究,确定了巴西蘑菇菌体发酵的最优方案是:7%葡萄糖,1.5%酵母膏,0.3%磷酸氢二钾,0.1%硫酸镁,VB1 10mg/100ml,自然pH,接种量为15%,装液量为100ml/250ml三角瓶,150r/min,25℃恒温培养9天,菌丝干重达到1.8g每100ml发酵液。通过对巴西蘑菇子实体与深层培养菌丝体中蛋白质营养成分及多糖含量进行了分析比较,发现它们均是极好的营养食品之源。     

Mycelia and spent fermentation broth of Beauveria bassiana incorporated into synthetic diets affect mortality,growth and development of larval Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Beauveria bassiana endophytically colonises corn (Zea mays) reducing tunneling from European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Endophytic colonisation of other plants by B. bassiana has been reported, and potentially, may reduce insect feeding on these plants. We evaluated the effects on larval growth and development, and mortality of different rates of dried, ground mycelia and water-soluble metabolites from fermentation broth culture of different isolates of B. bassiana incorporated into a synthetic diet and fed to neonate bollworm, Helicoverpa zea larvae. Development was delayed, weights of larvae were lower, and mortality was high for larvae fed the highest rates (1.0 and 5.0%, w/v) of mycelia incorporated diet compared to control. Insects fed diets containing mycelia of B. bassiana isolate 11-98 had the greatest mortality. Mortality was 100% for larvae fed 5% (w/v) mycelia incorporated diet of isolate 11-98, and 61% for isolate 3-00. For insects fed low rates (0.1 to 0.5%, w/v) of mycelia incorporated diet, mortality was lower, approximately 5% for isolate 11-98, and 5 to 14% for isolate 3-00. At the 0.1% (w/v) rate of mycelia incorporated diet, development occurred at an accelerated rate, compared to fungus-free controls, indicating increased nutrition in the lowest rate fungal diet. Mortality was low for all larvae fed diets containing spent fermentation broth of B. bassiana; however, development was delayed. Insects fed the highest rate (0.5%, v/v) of spent fermentation broth-amended diet had lower pupal weights, and a greater number of days to pupation than insects fed the lowest (0.1%, v/v) rate. Insects fed the 5% (v/v) rate of spent fermentation broth of isolates 11-98 and 3-00 had the longest days to pupation.     

Study of mycelial growth and bioactive polysaccharide production in batch and fed-batch culture of Grifola frondosa

The fermentation of Grifola frondosa was investigated in the shake flasks and a 5-L jar fermenter in batch and fed-batch modes. In the shake-flask experiments, the preferable mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was observed at relatively low pH; maltose and glucose were preferred carbon sources for high mycelial production. The EPS was doubled after 13 d of cultivation when glucose was increased from 2% to 4%. Yeast extract (YE) (0.4%) in combination with corn steep powder (CSP) (0.6%) and YE (0.8%) in combination with CSP (1.2%) were preferred nitrogen sources for high mycelial production and EPS production, respectively. All plant oils tested significantly stimulate cell growth of G. frondosa but they failed to enhance EPS production. The EPS products usually consisted of two fractions of different molecular sizes varied by the plant oils used. The fed-batch fermentation by glucose feeding was performed when the glucose concentration in the medium was lower than 0.5% (5g/L), which greatly enhanced the accumulation of mycelial biomass and EPS; the mycelial biomass and EPS were 3.97g/L and 1.04g/L before glucose feeding, which reached 8.23g/L and 3.88g/L at 13 d of cultivation. In contrast, the mycelial biomass and EPS in the batch fermentation were 6.7g/L and 3.3g/L at 13 d of cultivation.     

正红菇深层培养菌丝体与野生子实体有效成份的分析比较*

本文分析比较了正红菇深层培养菌丝体和野生子实体有效成份的含量和组成及抑菌作用。结果表明:正红菇深层培养菌丝体和野生子实体均含有蛋白质、多糖、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、挥发性物质、麦角固醇及抑菌活性物质等多种有效成份,其组成基本一致,但菌丝体在多种成份的含量上略低于子实体。