首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
作为工业化的细胞工厂,乳酸菌广泛应用于食品、农业和医药等行业。然而在乳酸菌的工业生产中以及作为益生菌在人体胃肠道系统中都会面临多种环境胁迫,这些胁迫环境严重影响乳酸菌的生理功能,从而影响食品微生物制造的效率。近年来,随着代谢工程和系统生物学的发展,为乳酸菌生理功能的改造带来了前所未有的机遇。本文综述了系统生物学和代谢工程在乳酸菌生理功能的优化和调控中的具体应用。  相似文献   

2.
乳酸菌是发酵糖类物质的主要终产物为乳酸的细菌总称。常见的乳酸菌包括乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、片球菌属(Pediococcus)、明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)和双歧杆菌属(Bifdobacterium)等少数属的种类。许多乳酸菌属于人和动物胃肠道、泌尿生殖道、母乳、口腔等的正常菌群,能产生多种生物活性物质,具有调节肠道菌群平衡、增强机体免疫力、促进机体生长等益生功能,因而乳酸菌具有重要的应用价值。文本综述了乳酸菌在畜禽养殖饲料添加剂、青贮饲料发酵、水产养殖及植物病害防治等领域的应用研究进展,尤其在“饲料禁抗、养殖减抗、产品无抗”的养殖背景下,乳酸菌制剂是替代抗生素的最佳选择。同时也总结了乳酸菌在奶制品、肉制品加工以及植物基饮料、低糖食品和饮料发酵等方面的开发潜力,展望了乳酸菌研究与应用的发展趋势。  相似文献   

3.
Aim: To construct a chimeric vector named pBVGh for quickly generating gene modifications in Enterococcus faecalis. Methods and Results: The constructed plasmid pBVGh carries the pG+host replicon (a thermosensitive (TS) derivative of pWV01), allowing a simple generation of mutants by growing colonies first at the permissive temperature and then switching the culture to the nonpermissive temperature. Additionally, this vector facilitates the screening of mutants by a rapid colorimetric blue‐white discrimination of plasmid‐free bacteria. Conclusions: The pBVGh vector allows a straightforward inactivation or modification of target genes as well as a fast selection of enterococcal mutant strains. Significance and Impact of the Study: The broad range of the TS replicon utilized in this plasmid permits the easy establishment and the efficient generation of food‐grade mutant strains in Ent. faecalis and several other Gram‐positive bacteria.  相似文献   

4.
5.
    
Vanilla is the most commonly used natural flavoring agent in industries like food, flavoring, medicine, and fragrance. Vanillin can be obtained naturally, chemically, or through a biotechnological process. However, the yield from vanilla pods is low and does not meet market demand, and the use of vanillin produced by chemical synthesis is restricted in the food and pharmaceutical industries. As a result, the biotechnological process is the most efficient and cost-effective method for producing vanillin with consumer-demanding properties while also supporting industrial applications. Toxin-free biovanillin production, based on renewable sources such as industrial wastes or by-products, is a promising approach. In addition, only natural-labeled vanillin is approved for use in the food industry. Accordingly, this review focuses on biovanillin production from lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and the cost-cutting efforts that are utilized to improve the efficiency of biotransformation of inexpensive and readily available sources. LABs can utilize agro-wastes rich in ferulic acid to produce ferulic acid, which is then employed in vanillin production via fermentation, and various efforts have been applied to enhance the vanillin titer. However, different designs, such as response surface methods, using immobilized cells or pure enzymes for the spontaneous release of vanillin, are strongly advised.  相似文献   

6.
合成生物学与微生物遗传物质的重构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Liang QF  Wang Q  Qi QS 《遗传》2011,33(10):1102-1112
作为一门新兴学科的合成生物学已经展现出巨大的科学价值和应用前景。近年来已经发表了多篇综述文章,从不同角度对合成生物学进行了总结和论述。文章首次对合成生物学和微生物遗传学之间的关系进行了阐述,同时介绍了合成生物学在微生物遗传物质的重构方面最近的研究进展,包括微生物遗传物质的合成、设计和精简,遗传元件的标准化和遗传线路的模块化。也探讨了合成生物学与微生物遗传工程的关系。  相似文献   

7.
    
The field of synthetic biology seeks to program living cells to perform novel functions with applications ranging from environmental biosensing to smart cell-based therapeutics. Bacteria are an especially attractive chassis organism due to their rapid growth, ease of genetic manipulation, and ability to persist across many environmental niches. Despite significant progress in bacterial synthetic biology, programming bacteria to perform novel functions outside the well-controlled laboratory context remains challenging. In contrast to planktonic laboratory growth, bacteria in nature predominately reside in the context of densely packed communities known as biofilms. While biofilms have historically been considered environmental and biomedical hazards, their physiology and emergent behaviors could be leveraged for synthetic biology to engineer more capable and robust bacteria. Specifically, bacteria within biofilms participate in complex emergent behaviors such as collective organization, cell-to-cell signaling, and division of labor. Understanding and utilizing these properties can enable the effective deployment of engineered bacteria into natural target environments. Toward this goal, this review summarizes the current state of synthetic biology in biofilms by highlighting new molecular tools and remaining biological challenges. Looking to future opportunities, advancing synthetic biology in biofilms will enable the next generation of smart cell-based technologies for use in medicine, biomanufacturing, and environmental remediation.  相似文献   

8.
    
《Current biology : CB》2022,32(18):3925-3938.e6
  1. Download : Download high-res image (276KB)
  2. Download : Download full-size image
  相似文献   

9.
目的:用计算机重构乙醇合成途径,为合成生物燃料乙醇提供理论依据。方法:利用KEGG反应、化合物数据提取反应等式,过滤掉42个通用代谢物参与的反应,然后利用剩下的反应构建反应矩阵;利用广度优先搜索算法在反应矩阵中搜索生成乙醇的代谢途径。结果:计算机重构了23 108条乙醇合成途径,以大肠杆菌作为产乙醇基因工程菌为例,通过限制改构菌整合的关键酶数目,分别得到了78条以酒精O-乙酰基转移酶为关键酶的乙醇合成通路和89条以丙酮酸脱羧酶和乙醇脱氢酶为关键酶的乙醇合成通路,并构建了相应的乙醇合成网络图,标注每个反应的酶及编码该酶的基因。结论:通过计算机方法重构了多种乙醇合成途径,可以为利用微生物工业化生产乙醇提供理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
合成生物学是一个基于生物学和工程学原理的科学领域,其目的是重新设计和重组微生物,以优化或创建具有增强功能的新生物系统。该领域利用分子工具、系统生物学和遗传框架的重编程,从而构建合成途径以获得具有替代功能的微生物。传统上,合成生物学方法通常旨在开发具有成本效益的微生物细胞工厂进而从可再生资源中生产化学物质。然而,近年来合成生物学技术开始在环境保护中发挥着更直接的作用。本综述介绍了基因工程中的合成生物学工具,讨论了基于基因工程的微生物修复策略,强调了合成生物学技术可以通过响应特定污染物进行生物修复来保护环境。其中,规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列(Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats, CRISPR)技术在基因工程细菌和古细菌的生物修复中得到了广泛应用,生物修复领域也出现了很多新的先进技术,包括生物膜工程、人工微生物群落的构建、基因驱动、酶和蛋白质工程等。有了这些新的技术和工具,生物修复将成为当今最好和最有效的污染物去除方式之一。  相似文献   

11.
    
Microbial production of desired compounds provides an efficient framework for the development of renewable energy resources. To be competitive to traditional chemistry, one requirement is to utilize the full capacity of the microorganism to produce target compounds with high yields and turnover rates. We use integrated computational methods to generate and quantify the performance of novel biosynthetic routes that contain highly optimized catalysts. Engineering a novel reaction pathway entails addressing feasibility on multiple levels, which involves handling the complexity of large-scale biochemical networks while respecting the critical chemical phenomena at the atomistic scale. To pursue this multi-layer challenge, our strategy merges knowledge-based metabolic engineering methods with computational chemistry methods. By bridging multiple disciplines, we provide an integral computational framework that could accelerate the discovery and implementation of novel biosynthetic production routes. Using this approach, we have identified and optimized a novel biosynthetic route for the production of 3HP from pyruvate.  相似文献   

12.
共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是一种新型功能性油脂,顺9,反11-十八碳二烯酸(c9,t11-CLA)和反10,顺12-十八碳二烯酸(t10,c12-CLA)由于具有比其他异构体更强的生理功能得到广泛关注和研究.微生物合成CLA具有安全性高、选择特异性强等特点,研究CLA产量提高...  相似文献   

13.
青贮饲料的研究、发展及现状   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
我国从上世纪50年代开始对青贮饲料技术进行研究和推广,但受当时生产水平和经济条件等因素制约,工作多属于生产性试探,对青贮饲料发酵机制,二次发酵问题及防腐措施等方面的研究甚少。在我国,主要以利用黄秸秆为饲料,而鲜青贮饲料的利用和推广尚有一定困难。  相似文献   

14.
周雍进 《生物工程学报》2023,39(6):2101-2107
以酶及微生物细胞催化剂结合工程学方法将廉价、废弃原料进行高效生物转化可实现化学品的可持续生产。近年来,合成生物学、系统生物学及酶工程等技术的快速发展大大推动了化学品的可持续生物制造,既实现了多种新型化学品的生物合成,又显著提高化学品的生物合成效率。为展示化学品生物合成的最新进展并促进绿色生物制造的发展,《生物工程学报》特组织出版化学品生物合成专刊,从酶催化与生物合成机制、微生物细胞合成、一碳生物炼制以及关键核心技术等方面,介绍化学品生物合成的最新前沿、挑战以及潜在解决方案。  相似文献   

15.
Lactic acid bacteria in the quality improvement and depreciation of wine   总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36  
The winemaking process includes two main steps: lactic acid bacteria are responsible for the malolactic fermentation which follows the alcoholic fermentation by yeasts. Both types of microorganisms are present on grapes and on cellar equipment. Yeasts are better adapted to growth in grape must than lactic acid bacteria, so the alcoholic fermentation starts quickly. In must, up to ten lactic acid bacteria species can be identified. They belong to the Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc and Oenococcus genera. Throughout alcoholic fermentation, a natural selection occurs and finally the dominant species is O. oeni, due to interactions between yeasts and bacteria and between bacteria themselves. After bacterial growth, when the population is over 106CFU/ml, malolactic transformation is the obvious change in wine composition. However, many other substrates can be metabolized. Some like remaining sugars and citric acid are always assimilated by lactic acid bacteri a, thus providing them with energy and carbon. Other substrates such as some amino acids may be used following pathways restricted to strains carrying the adequate enzymes. Some strains can also produce exopolysaccharides. All these transformations greatly influence the sensory and hygienic quality of wine. Malic acid transformation is encouraged because it induces deacidification. Diacetyl produced from citric acid is also helpful to some extent. Sensory analyses show that many other reactions change the aromas and make malolactic fermentation beneficial, but they are as yet unknown. On the contrary, an excess of acetic acid, the synthesis of glucane, biogenic amines and precursors of ethylcarbamate are undesirable. Fortunately, lactic acid bacteria normally multiply in dry wines; moreover some of these activities are not widespread. Moreover, the most striking trait of wine lactic acid bacteria is their capacity to adapt to a hostile environment. The mechanisms for this are not yet c ompletely elucidated . Molecular biology has provided some explanations for the behaviour and the metabolism of bacteria in wine. New tools are now available to detect the presence of desirable and undesirable strains. Even if much remains unknown, winemakers and oenologists can nowadays better control the process. By acting upon the diverse microflora and grape musts, they are more able to produce healthy and pleasant wines.  相似文献   

16.
17.
    
Non-model microorganisms have been increasingly explored as microbial cell factories for production of chemicals, fuels, and materials owing to their unique physiology and metabolic capabilities. However, these microorganisms often lack facile genetic tools for strain development, which hinders their adoption as production hosts. In this review, we describe recent advances in domestication of non-model microorganisms, including bacteria, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, and fungi, with a focus on the development of genetic tools. In addition, we highlight some successful applications of non-model microorganisms as microbial cell factories.  相似文献   

18.
从5种菌株中,通过初筛和复筛筛选出一种变色范围大,产乳酸量高的菌株D(产酸量为69.36g/L),以此菌株作为出发菌,进行紫外诱变育种。从诱变处理后的计数平板上,选取10株hc值大的菌株,通过复筛最终选出了一株平均产乳酸量高的菌株D_6,其产乳酸量平均为71.73 g/L,比出发菌株高出2.37g/L。  相似文献   

19.
蔡真  李寅 《生物工程学报》2011,27(7):971-975
以生物催化和生物转化为核心的工业生物技术是实现社会和经济可持续发展的有效手段。本期专刊分别从基因工程、代谢工程与合成生物学、生理工程、发酵工程与生化工程、生物催化与生物转化、生物技术与方法等方面,介绍了我国在工业生物技术领域的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

20.
启动子是基因表达调控的重要元件.在代谢工程和合成生物学研究中,经常需要利用不同强度的启动子对代谢途径进行精细调控,来实现代谢平衡,降低中间产物积累,提高目标产物合成.然而目前可获得的启动子难以满足以上要求,而且不同来源的启动子通用性差,缺乏标准化.针对这些问题,设计了1条88个碱基对的启动子,包含典型的-35区、-10区以及核糖体结合区.同时,在转录起始位点上游6个碱基、-35与-10区间隔区14个碱基对中引入简并序列,构建了合成启动子文库.利用合成启动子控制红色荧光蛋白mCherry的表达强度,经过两轮筛选,从5 000多个克隆中获得了720个不同强度的启动子.随机挑选35条不同强度的启动子进行测序分析,结果表明不同强度的启动子具有碱基偏好性.对于强启动子,-13位点嘌呤碱基出现频率高,转录起始区除-4位点外,嘧啶碱基出现的频率高于嘌呤碱基,而-10区与-35区间14个位点的嘌呤碱基与嘧啶碱基出现频率大致相当.最后选取5条不同强度启动子应用于顺,顺-粘康酸合成途径调控优化,结果显示不同强度的启动子可以调节目标产物顺,顺-粘康酸的合成和中间产物儿茶酚的积累.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号