三齿草藤(Vicia bungei Ohwi)凝集素的亲和层析纯化及其部分性质的研究

用Sephadex G-100或猪甲状腺球蛋白-对氨基苯砜乙基-交联琼脂作亲和吸附剂,均可从三齿草藤(Vicia Bungei Ohwi)的种子中分离纯化出三齿草藤凝集素。该凝集素经连续或不连续系统聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳均显示出单一蛋白带;糖蛋白染色法证实为糖蛋白;SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量为24,600,凝集素浓度为1.95微克/毫升时就能凝集兔红细胞;但对人ABO型血细胞不发生凝集作用;其对兔红细胞的凝集作用可被D-Man、D-GlcNA和D-GIC所抑制;它也是一种促有丝分裂原。     

Purification of lectin from fruiting bodies of Lactarius rufus (Scop.: Fr.)Fr. and its carbohydrate specificity

A lectin from fruiting bodies of Lactarius rufus (Scop.: Fr.)Fr. has been purified by affinity chromatography on copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol with a blood group B specific substance. The lectin gives a single band at disk-electrophoresis in acidic (pH 4.3) and alkaline (pH 8.6) buffer systems. Under electrophoresis in 10-20% SDS-PAGE, the lectin consists of identical subunits with molecular weight 17 +/- 1 kDa. Molecular weight of the lectin is 98 kDa according to gel-chromatography on Tojopearl HW-55. It is supposed that the lectin contains six subunits. The lectin is quite enough stable in pH 4.0-10.0, its activity does not depend upon bivalent metal ions. When heating the lectin solution to 65 degrees C it lost more than 85% of its activity. The lectin agglutinates human etrythrocytes without any marked group specificity, it agglutinates 2-4 times worse rabbit erythrocytes, very weakly crucian erythrocytes and does not agglutinate sheep erythrocytes. Mono- and disaccharides are not inhibitors of the lectin activity, while alpha-phenyl-N-acethyl-D-glucosaminopyranosid (0.08 mM) and 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucosamin are the best inhibitors of its activity. Among glycoproteins the best inhibitors of the lectin activity are: group-specific substances from human blood erythrocytes, asialosubmaxillary bovine mucin, human and bovine thyroglobulin and more weak inhibitors are fetuin, transferrin and human Ig G.     

黑色菜豆(Phaseolus sp.)凝集素的纯化和性质

黑色菜豆(phaseolussp.)种子中含有对人A型血专一凝集的凝集素。用猪胃粘蛋白-Sepharose 4B作亲和吸附剂和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤,可以纯化这种凝集素。纯化的凝集素在pH8.9,Tris-EDTANa_2-borate缓冲液的PAGE中,呈现单一蛋白带;酚-硫酸法测得总糖含量为3.22％。在SDS-PAGE中发现其分子由两种亚基所组成,亚基分子量分别为38,000和35,000。当凝集素浓度分别为0.98μg/ml和1.95μg/ml时能强烈地凝集人A型和AB型血细胞。在凝集素浓度高达500μg/ml时,B型血细胞能发生弱凝集反应,但对O型血和兔红细胞则完全不发生凝集反应。其凝集活性可被GalNAC、L-Fuc、猪甲状腺球蛋白和卵粘蛋白所抑制。该凝集素对人外周血中淋巴细胞的转化率达80％,细胞分裂比率高达37.1％;氨基组成分析表明,凝集素分子中Asp和Glu含量较高,而cys和Met含量很低。     

A new lectin from tulip (Tulipa) bulbs

A lectin was isolated from tulip (Tulipa) bulbs by affinity chromatography on fetuin-agarose and partially characterized. The tulip lectin is a tetrameric protein composed of four identical subunits of M_r 28 000, which are not held together by disulphide bonds. It is not glycosylated and has an amino-acid composition typified by a high content of asparagine-aspartic acid, leucine, glycine and serine. Tulip lectin agglutinates human red blood cells, but has a much higher specific activity with rabbit erythrocytes. In hapten-inhibition assays with the latter type of red blood cell the lectin exhibits a complex specificity, whereas its agglutination with human erythrocytes is readily inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine, lactose, fucose and galactose.Abbreviations DEAE diethylaminoethyl - PBS phosphate-buffered saline - TL Tulipa lectin - M_r relative molecular mass - SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis     

Platelet plasma membrane lectin activity

The lectin activity of human platelet and erythrocyte membranes was evaluated using trypsinized, formalinized erythrocytes from eight species. Platelet membranes had the greatest lectin activity against cow erythrocytes, but also had significant activity against human, sheep, electric eel, and rabbit erythrocytes. In contrast, erythrocyte membranes only had low lectin activity against electric eel erythrocytes with no activity against the other types of erythrocytes tested. The platelet membrane lectin activity was found to reside in protein molecules on the external surface of the platelet plasma membrane. The lectin activity of platelet membranes was inhibited by amino sugars and some basic amino acids: N-acetylated amino sugars and other neutral sugars were without effect. These results demonstrate that the external surface of the platelet plasma membrane has a specific lectin activity.     

紫藤凝集素的分离纯化及理化性质研究

用常规方法处理的ＤＥＡＥ离子交换纤维素柱,通过线性离子强度梯度洗脱,从紫藤种子的蛋白粗提液中得到一定纯度的紫藤凝集素。纯化的凝集素凝集兔红血球的比活提高４０倍,总活力回收率为１９．２％。紫藤凝集素的分子量经ＰＡＧＥ鉴定为２０５ｋｄ,是由两种亚基构成的四聚体,这两种亚基各有２个,分子量ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定分别为７７６００ｄ和２５１００ｄ。紫藤凝集素是一种糖蛋白,等电点约为４．６０。它可凝集人的各种血     

Purification and molecular characterization of a sialic acid specific lectin from the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina

A lectin was isolated and purified from the culture filtrate of the plant pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on fetuin-Sepharose 4B and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-A 50. The lectin designated MPL was homogeneous by PAGE and HPLC and a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of approximately 34 kDa as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE. It is a glycoprotein and agglutinated human erythrocytes regardless of the human blood type. Neuraminidase treatment of erythrocytes reduced the agglutination activity of the lectin. It is thermally stable and exhibits maximum activity between pH 6 and 7.2. Its carbohydrate binding specificity was investigated both by hapten inhibition of hemagglutination and by enzyme-conjugated lectin inhibition assay. Although, M. phaseolina lectin bound sialic acid, it exhibited binding affinity towards neuraminyl oligosaccharides of N-linked glycoproteins, alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-beta-Gal-(1-->4)-GlcNAc being maximum.     

Studies on hemagglutinins (lectins) from plasma of murrel fish, family Channidae

Hemagglutinating activity can be identified in the plasma of different species of murrel fish. This activity may be divided into four types according to their agglutinability towards erythrocytes from different sources. Type I plasma agglutinates human blood group A erythrocytes, type II can agglutinate neuraminidase treated human A B O erythrocytes, type III shows no agglutinating activity towards human erythrocytes, while type IV agglutinates human erythrocytes non-specifically. All of them bind to DEAE-cellulose but elute out by different salt concentrations. Type IV plasma is found to be a combination of three separate hemagglutinins, which are separable by sequential binding to human A B O erythrocytes. Blood group A specific lectin activity is purified from this plasma using formalinised A group erythrocytes. The apparent homogeneity of this purified lectin is established by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and immunodiffusion. This agglutinin is antigenically identical with that isolated from type I plasma by affinity chromatography on N-acetyl-D-galactosamine coupled to epoxy-activated cellulose column. Their molecular weights are also found to be identical (Mr 140,000) in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, having two identical subunits. Forssman glycolipid (0.03 mM) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of agglutination, although Gal beta 1-3 GalNAc (0.09 mM) is also a good inhibitor. Exhaustive dialysis of the purified lectin (hemagglutinin) against EDTA denatures it irreversibly by dissociating it to its subunit structure. Thus human A group agglutinating activity isolated from type I and type IV plasma are identical.     

大瓶螺凝集素的分离纯化及部分性质研究

大瓶螺蛋白腺经磷酸盐缓冲液抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００和Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ凝胶过滤,可获得在不连续ＰＡＧＥ（ｐＨ４．３和ｐＨ８．９）上显示单一蛋白质染色带的大瓶螺凝集素（ＡＧＬ）．该凝集素对人血红细胞无血型专一性,但对Ａ型血红细胞的凝集作用最强．ＡＧＬ的血凝活力可被乳糖或半乳糖所抑制．ＡＧＬ分子中的中性糖含量为０．２４ｍｇ／ｍｇ蛋白质．用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ法测得其亚基分子量为１５０００,且只有一种亚基．ＡＧＬ中Ｃｙｓ和Ｐｈｅ的含量较高,并较耐热．     

岩豆(Millettia dielsiana Harms ex Diels)凝集素的分离纯化和性质研究

用猪甲状腺球蛋白-Sepharose 4B作亲和吸附剂,再经Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤,可以从岩豆种子中纯化出岩豆凝集素(MDL)。该凝集素可以凝集人类A、B、O型血细胞和兔红细胞,纯化的MDL凝集兔红细胞的能力可被D-松三糖、邻硝基-苯酚-D-半乳糖和N-乙酰半乳糖胺抑制,甘露糖也有弱的抑制作用。纯化的MDL在PAGE和SDS-PAGE上均显现单一蛋白质染色带,经Schiff’s试剂染色证明为糖蛋白;以酚-硫酸法测得其中性糖含量为6.0％;SDS-PAGE测得亚基分子量为32 000;Sephadex G-100分子筛柱测得其分子量为63 800;等电聚焦电泳显示其等电点为5.1;氨基酸组成分析表明其中Asp、Glu、Phe含量较高,但不含有Pro、Tyr。MDL也是一个强促有丝分裂原,对人外周血淋巴细胞转化率可达81.2％,细胞分裂比率达14.8％。     

Effect of pH on the binding of Vicia graminea lectin to erythrocytes. Dependence on the chemical character of red-cell receptors

Binding of the radioactive Vicia graminea lectin to human blood-group M and N erythrocytes and to horse erythrocytes was studied at pH 6-10. Binding of the lectin to untreated human erythrocytes and to those treated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase increased severalfold from pH 6 to pH 8 and was maintained at the maximal level up to pH 9/9.5. On the other hand, interaction of V. graminea lectin with native or desialylated horse erythrocytes was not significantly affected by pH and small differences in the binding were opposite to those found with human erythrocytes: the binding decreased when pH increased from 6 to 9.5. Binding of the lectin to all erythrocytes tested at pH 10 was lowered to about 80% of the maximal values. The differences in pH dependence of V. graminea lectin binding to human and horse erythrocytes most probably resulted from the presence of amino groups in human red-cell receptors and their absence from receptors of horse erythrocytes. The earlier data on the enhancing effect of amino group modification on the interaction of human red-cell glycopeptides with V. graminea lectin support the conclusion that an increase in the lectin binding to human erythrocytes at pH 6-8 is confined to the decreased protonization of the receptor amino groups. V. graminea lectin was irreversibly inactivated at pH 3 and was inactivated by EDTA at pH 7.4 and reactivated by Ca2+ or Mn2+. This suggested that the lectin is a metaloprotein, requiring bivalent cations for the full binding activity. Some quantitative differences between the binding properties of V. graminea lectin, prepared from different batches of seeds, are reported.     

Purification and characterization of a thermostable mycelial lectin from basidiomycete Lentinus squarrosulus

Lectins are non-immune carbohydrate-binding proteins or glycoproteins with specific binding sites for certain glycoconjugates. Fungal lectins have been documented for their antitumour, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory, hypotensive and insecticidal effects. In the present study, a mycelial lectin having molecular mass 55 kDa has been purified and characterized from Lentinus squarrosulus. Biological action spectrum of the lectin revealed agglutination of all human blood types (A, B, O, AB), goat, sheep, rabbit and pig erythrocytes. Neuraminidase treatment of blood type O erythrocytes considerably augmented hemagglutination titre. Carbohydrate inhibition studies showed its high affinity to mucin and asialofetuin. Lectin was purified by a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Optimum pH for lectin activity was observed to be 6.5–8.0 and optimum temperature was 25–30°C. Lectin showed poor pH stability and was stable within pH 7.0–7.5. It was highly thermostable and could withstand temperature upto 70°C. Lectin activity was sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and denaturants.     

Isolation and characterization of a new lectin from plasma of fish Channa punctatus

A soluble lectin is purified to apparent homogeneity from plasma of Channa punctatus by affinity chromatography on N-acetyl-D-galactosamine coupled to epoxy-activated cellulose. The lectin has 140 kDa native molecular mass and 68 kDa subunit molecular mass, as determined by native and sodium dodecyl sulphate denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The lectin agglutinates human A and AB blood groups and rat, mice and guinea pig erythrocytes in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions. These divalent cations, but not thiol group, are obligatory requirements for the lectin activity. Gal(beta 1----3)GalNAc (0.09 mM) is the most potent inhibitor of the lectin.     

α-D-galactose-specific lectin from jack fruit (A rtocarpus integra) seed

An α-D-galactose-specific lectin from the seeds of jack fruit (Artocarpus integra) has been isolated in pure form by affinity chromatography on immobilised guar gum (a galactomannan). The lectin is shown to be a glycoprotein containing 3% carbohydrate and having a molecular weight of 39,500 as determined by gel filtration. Sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis revealed a single polypeptide of 10,500 dalton, indicating that the native lectin is a tetrarner of identical subunits. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin towards erythrocytes of all blood groups is found to be the same.     

Purification and characterization of a cell-surface lectin (Lectin II) from Agrobacterium radiobacter NCIM 2443

A lectin was isolated from Agrobacterium radiobacter cell surface and purified. It is a monomer of 40 kDa as shown by SDS-PAGE. The lectin has a pI of 9.15 and amino acid composition of the lectin shows that 44% of the amino acids are hydrophobic. The lectin agglutinates rabbit erythrocytes but does not agglutinate human erythrocytes. It does not show specificity for monosaccharides except for D-glucosamine. Fetuin and its N-linked glycopeptide also inhibit the activity of the lectin but greater inhibition is shown by locust bean gum and Nicotiana tobaccum (tobacco) tissue extracts.     

Identification, isolation and some properties of lectin from the seeds of Indian coral tree [Erythrina variegata (Linn.) var. orientalis (Linn.) Merrill]

A D-galactose-binding lectin agglutinating human erythrocytes has been purified from the seeds of the Indian coral tree (Erythrina variegata (Linn.) var. orientalis (Linn.) Merrill] by affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose-6B gel. It has a higher reactivity for O-group erythrocytes. The lectin is a glycoprotein having a leucoagglutinating property.     

A novel mitogenic and antiproliferative lectin from a wild cobra lily, Arisaema flavum

A novel lectin having specificity towards a complex glycoprotein asialofetuin was purified from tubers of Arisaema flavum (Schott.) by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-linked amino-activated silica beads. A. flavum gave a single peak on HPLC size exclusion and a single band on non-denatured PAGE at pH 4.5. The molecular mass of the lectin, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, was 56 kDa. In SDS-PAGE, pH 8.3, the lectin migrated as a single band of 13.5 kDa, under reducing and non-reducing conditions, indicating the homotetrameric nature. A. flavum lectin (AFL) readily agglutinated rabbit, rat, sheep, goat, and guinea pig erythrocytes but not human ABO blood group erythrocytes even after neuraminidase treatment. This lectin is stable up to 55 degrees C and does not require metal ions for its hemagglutination activity. AFL was completely devoid of sulphur containing amino acids and was rich in aspartic acid and glycine. In Oucterlony's double immunodiffusion, the antisera raised against A. flavum lectin showed distinct lines of identity with those of other araceous lectins. AFL showed potent mitogenic activity towards BALB/c splenocytes and human lymphocytes in comparison to Con A, a well-known plant mitogen. AFL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activity towards J774 and P388D1 murine cancer cell lines.     

Structural characteristics of the blood group N determinant, tested with anti-N lectin from Vicia graminea]

Crude extracts of Vicia graminea seeds agglutinate human N erythrocytes as anti-N immunsera. The anti-N lectin is purified after precipitations with ammonium sulphate of crude extracts, DE52 Whatman chromatography and sephadex G150 gel filtration. Its homogeneity is demonstrated by physical and immunological methods. The structure determinant for the Vicia graminea anti-N activity was investigated: --with the major glycoprotein of N erythrocytes. --with glycoconjugates isolated from urine of normal human N-blood group as urinary glycoconjugates are probably related to the membrane glycoprotein catabolism. Purification and characterization of glycoconjugates are undertaken by gel filtration and non-exchange chromatography. This purification is checked by hemagglutination-inhibition test with V. graminea lectin. Biochemical characterization of active glycoconjugates gives way to the carbohydrate determinant recognized by anti-N antisera and Vicia graminea lectin.     

The comparison of lectin spectra of certain representatives of the speciesPhaseolus vulgaris ssp.aborigineus of different geographical origin

Using biospecific chromatography on fetuin D-Glc-Separon H 1.000, lectins were isolated from the seeds of six representatives of the speciesPhaseolus vulgaris ssp.aborigineus of different geographical origin. The lectins of all the six representatives exhibit the agglutinating activity against rabbit erythrocytes (non-treated, tryp3in-treated and pronase-treated) as well as against human erythrocytes (irrespective of blood group) but of different quantity. Lectins isolated from 4 seed types showed mitogenic activity against lymphocytes of murine spleen, whereas in two seed types mitogenic activity was not proved. Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels revealed in the different seed types 2 to 5 bands of lectins within the range of pI 4–6. Differences in the composition of lectin spectra were proved by means of immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion. The presence of α-D-galactosidase has not been established in any isolated lectin.     

Isolation of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine specific lectin from the rhizomes of Arundo donax with antiproliferative activity

A lectin with antiproliferative activity towards human cancer cell lines and mitogenic towards human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was purified from the rhizomes of Arundo donax (Linn.) by affinity chromatography on N-acetyl-d-glucosamine linked to epoxy-activated sepharose-6B. The pure preparation apparently yielded a single band of approximately 15 kDa on SDS-PAGE, pH 8.3, under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The molecular mass of native lectin was 32 kDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography. This showed the lectin to be a dimer, with subunits not held together by disulphide linkages. The A. donax lectin (ADL) agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes and the agglutination was inhibited by N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and its di- and trimer. The lectin was thermostable upto 55 degrees C and showed optimum activity in the range of pH 7.0-9.0 and comprised of 2.1% carbohydrate content.