东洞庭湖冬季鸟类及其多样性分析

东洞庭湖冬季常见鸟类共30种,隶属11目17科20属,其中国家二级保护动物4种,湖南省级保护动物14种。该地的冬候鸟21种,留鸟9种。东洋界鸟类10种,古北界鸟类1种,广布性鸟类19种,东洞庭湖冬季鸟类的多样性指数为1．5171,均匀性指数为0．4460。     

内蒙古辉腾高勒地区鸟类区系及生态分布调查研究

2005年5月至2006年6月,对内蒙古辉腾高勒地区的鸟类进行了调查.共记录鸟类58种,隶属于10目21科,其中繁殖鸟(包括留鸟和夏候鸟)共50种,占该地区鸟类总数的86.2%;国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种,国家Ⅱ级保护动物9种,被<中国濒危动物红皮书收录5种.该地区的鸟类在分布型上划分为7种类型,以北方型种类占绝对优势,具有典型的古北界特征.     

安徽赣江吉安段鸟类多样性研究

为了解赣江吉安段鸟类多样性,于2005年9月～2007年3月采用样线法调查当地鸟类的种类和数量.共记录到鸟类102种,隶属14目30科,其中牛背鹭Bubulcus ibis和白鹭Egretta garzetta被列入<濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约>.当地有国家Ⅱ级保护动物4种:鸢Milvus migrans、燕隼Falco subbuteo、红隼Falco tinnunculus和白鹇Lophura nycthemera,江西省级重点保护野生动物30种,"三有"鸟类81种.调查表明赣江吉安段鸟类资源丰富,区系组成复杂,这与该地区所处的地理位置和特殊的气候条件等相关.近年来人类活动影响了当地鸟类多样性.     

北京西卓家营湿地改造后鸟类调查初报

2008年9月～2010年3月对北京市延庆县湿地改造工程结束后的西卓家营湿地先后进行了4次鸟类资源调查,共发现鸟类12目22科36属51种.其中留鸟15种、夏候鸟16种、旅鸟15种、冬候鸟5种.国家Ⅱ级保护动物9种,分别为大天鹅Cygnus cygnus、燕隼Falco subbuteo、红隼F. tinnunculus、灰背隼F. columbarius、猎隼 F. cherrug、鹗Pandion haliaetus、黑耳鸢Milvus lineatus、白尾鹞Circus cyaneus和灰鹤Grus grus.该湿地以喜鹊 Pica pica、树麻雀Passer montanus、灰斑鸠Streptopelia decaocto等农田鸟类为优势种,水鸟种类虽然有21种,但种群数量均比较小,这可能与西卓家营湿地水域面积较小及植被隐蔽条件较差有关.     

湖南省武陵源自然保护区夏季鸟类多样性分析

武陵源自然保护区的夏季鸟类共８９种,隶属１１目２８科,其中国家二级保护动物９种,湖南省级保护动物７种,该地的夏候鸟３１种,留鸟５８种。东洋界鸟类５２种,古北界鸟类１６种,广布性鸟类２１种。武陵源鸟类的多样性指数为１．５４８,均匀性指数为０．７９６。     

陕西延安黄龙山褐马鸡自然保护区鸟类资源调查

通过2006年3月至2007年3月对陕西延安黄龙山褐马鸡自然保护区鸟类资源调查,结合历史文献,确认保护区有鸟类14目32科139种.其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类4种,Ⅱ级保护鸟类18种.保护区鸟类以留鸟和夏候鸟为主,有留鸟57种,夏候鸟35种,而冬候鸟、旅鸟分别只有19种和28种.列入CITES的共有22种,IUCN的有4种,中国物种红色名录有7种.鸟类区系组成为:古北界种类有39种,东洋界种类21种,广布种32种.以古北界种类占优势,且兼有丰富的东洋界种类.同时,具蒙新区、青藏区和华北区特点.     

南洞庭湖冬季鸟类群落结构及多样性分析

南洞庭湖冬季常见鸟类共４３种,隶属１０目２１科３５属,其中国家二级保护动物５种,湖南省级保护动物１６种。该地的冬候鸟２４种,留鸟１９种。东洋界鸟类１２种,古北界鸟类２种,广布性鸟类２９种。南洞庭湖冬季鸟类的多样性指数为２．０００８,均匀性指数为０．５３１９。     

三峡水库蓄水139 m前后江面江岸冬季鸟类动态

2000～2004年,对三峡库区长江干流及部分主要支流的冬季鸟类分布状况进行了较为系统的调查。野外调查工作中,统计到鸟类56种,隶属9目21科,其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种,Ⅱ级保护动物3种。由于不同类群的鸟类对于环境变化的反应差别较大,所以,将观察到的与水域生境密切相关的鸟类分为游禽类、涉禽类、傍水栖息类和空中傍水栖息类等4种类型,对各类群在2003年三峡水库蓄水至139m高程前后的种群状况进行分析讨论。结果显示,水禽中以雁鸭类为主体的游禽类总体计数差别不大;涉禽类数量出现非常明显的变动;库区11种傍水栖息类型鸟类总体数量在蓄水前后出现急剧变动,下降明显。     

广东阴那山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性

2012 年10 月－2013 年9 月, 采用固定样线法和样点法对广东阴那山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性进行初步调查, 共记录鸟类175 种, 隶属14 目42 科125 属。其中, 国家Ⅰ级保护种类1 种, 国家Ⅱ级保护种类19 种。按居留类型分类, 夏候鸟34 种, 冬候鸟52 种, 留鸟78 种, 旅鸟11 种; 按动物地理区划分类, 古北界种类67 种, 东洋界种类65 种, 广布性鸟类43 种。该区域鸟类优势种32 种, 多样性指数为4.3929, 优势度为0.0204, 均匀度为0.8506。     

西沙群岛主要岛屿鸟类和小型兽类群落调查研究

对海岛动物资源的本底调查和研究,可为更好地保护海洋和海岛生态系统提供重要的依据。2018年4月-2019年12月,利用样线法、铗夜法等对西沙群岛东岛、永兴岛等岛屿的鸟类、小型兽类资源进行了4次调查,结合历史记录数据对其物种组成和多样性变化进行了分析。调查共记录到小型兽类3种,臭鼩（Suncus murinus）见于林灌丛,褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）和黄胸鼠（R.flavipectus）见于房舍区;共记录到鸟类13目26科65种,其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物4种,新记录到鸟类29种;广布型鸟类34种,古北界鸟类20种,东洋界鸟类11种;冬候鸟28种,留鸟23种,旅鸟6种,夏候鸟5种,迷鸟3种;东岛鸟类物种数高于永兴岛,但多样性和均匀度均较低;雨季物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度均高于旱季;东岛为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物红脚鲣鸟（Sula sula）中国唯一的繁殖地,应加强保护。与1974年和2005年报道的数据对比,本次调查记录的鸟类物种丰富度最高,留鸟物种数最多。结果反映西沙群岛小型兽类种类较少,主要分布在房舍区及其附近的林灌从;暗示小型兽类带入、扩散等可能与人为活动相关,其生态效应予以重视和长期监测。西沙群岛鸟类物种有丰富度较高、候鸟占比高、季节和年份间差异明显、留鸟物种数有所增加、为红脚鲣鸟唯一的繁殖地等特点。西沙群岛生态系统的完整性,对候鸟和留鸟的保护,尤其是红脚鲣鸟的保护十分重要,应予以重视。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.