贵州从江侗族Y-DNA及线粒体DNA 序列多态性分析

为分析贵州从江侗族父系及母系遗传结构,探讨其起源及迁徒, 通过聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP), 研究贵州从江侗族无亲缘关系个体由10个单核苷酸位点(SNPs)组成的Y染色体单倍型及11个单核苷酸位点组成的线粒体DNA单倍群频率。结果显示, 从40份男性样本的Y-SNP基因分型中,得到H6 、H11、H14 共3种单倍型;H11的频率为92.5%;通过对线粒体DNA基因分型,得到6种单倍群,有75%的个体能明确分类其所携带的单倍群特征,说明贵州从江侗族父系遗传构成相对简单。通过主成分分析,证明贵州从江侗族与其他的壮侗语族人群相聚,母系遗传结构复杂,无C单倍群分布可能为该民族特征之一。Abstract: To study the patrilineal and matrilineal genetic structure and the origin of Dong Ethnic of Congjiang Guizhou. Study the distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes which consisted of 10 SNPs of Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups consisted of 11 SNPs by using PCR-RFLP method. The result is three haplotypes H6,H11,H14 were detected, the frequency of H11 is 92.5%. Six haplogroups were identified by mtDNA analysis, 75% of the people can be identified. The patrilineal genetic structure of Dong of Guizhou is simple, Principle component indicated that the structure is closer to Zhuang-Dong branch of Sino-Tibetan language family. The matrilineal genetic structure of Dong of Guizhou is complicated.     

贵州小型香猪基因组DNA的AFLP检测研究

报道了AFLP标记在研究贵州小型香猪遗传多态性方面的应用和该品系猪个体基因组DNA的AFLP扩增结果,分析了贵州小型香猪的群体遗传结构.实验应用10条AFLP引物,用PstⅠ酶切,对17头猪基因组DNA进行AFLP反应,共获得116个AFLP标记,单引物获得的标记数在2～22间,贵州小型香猪群体相似系数AFLP研究结果为0.866(0.760～0.967),该研究为评价贵州小型香猪的遗传稳定性提供了相关的参数,准确评价尚待和其它品种猪对比研究后确定。 Abstract:We reported the application of AFIP markers to detect genetic polymorphic loci in Guizhou miniaturc pig and their amplified AFLP results.Their genetic construction Of the population was also analysed.TenAFLP primers were used,genomic DNAs from 17 pigs were restrictive by pst I,116 AFLP markers were obtained,the obtaining marker numbers of individual primer were between 2~22.The results indicate as the following:(1)AFLP marker is suitable for analysing genetic polymorphism in pig;(2)The similarty index of population in Guizhou miniaturc pigs was 0.866(0.760~0.967).The study provides a uscful parameter with appraise genetic stability of Guizhou miniature pigs.     

Descriptions of Atractides aprojectus sp.nov.and male of A.huaxiensis Yi & Jin (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from China

A water mite species is described as new to science, Atractides(Tympanomegapus) aprojectus sp. nov. The male of Atractides(Tympanomegapus) huaxiensis Yi & Jin, 2010 is described for the first time from Guizhou Province, China. The materials were collected during a survey in 2011 from the rivers in Guizhou. The specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University(GUGC).     

三品系小型猪35个微卫星基因座的遗传学研究

利用35个微卫星基因座对中国三个品系的小型猪（贵州小型香猪、广西巴马小型猪、版纳小耳猪近交系）进行了遗传检测。计算出三个小型猪品系个体样本在35个微卫星基因座的纯合率,并对其进行t检验。计算出各品系的平均杂合度,多态信息含量（PIC）及品系间的遗传距离,并进行了系统聚类。结果表明三个品系的小型猪其基因纯合率均较高,其中版纳小耳猪近交系的基因纯合率最高;PIC和平均杂合度均较低;贵州小型香猪和广西巴马小型猪亲缘关系较近,并均与版纳小耳猪近交系的亲缘关系略远。 Abstract：The polymorphism of 35 microsatellites in the three miniature pig breeds in China(Guizhou miniature pig, Guangxi Bama miniature pig, Banna miniature pig inbred) was analysed. Rates of homozygote for 35 microsatellite loci in three miniature pig breeds were calculated,and t-test for them were performed. Mean heterozygosity and polymorphism information content(PIC) were calculated for all breeds, and genetic distances between these breeds were estimated. The dendrograms were obtained based on genetic distances. The results suggest that rates of homozygote in the three breeds are all high, and that is the highest in Banna miniature pig inbred. The results also suggest that polymorphism information content and mean heterozygosity in all the three breeds are low, and the genetic relationship between Guizhou miniature pig and Guangxi Bama miniature pig is closer than their relationship with Banna miniature pig inbred.     

五种品系猪亲缘关系的RAPD分析

应用190个RAPD引物对贵州小型猪,巴马小型猪、西双版纳近交系小耳猪JB和JS亚系、荣昌猪Ⅰ系、长白猪的亲缘关系进行了初步分析,其中39个引物的扩增结果具有非常明显的品系间多态性,将其扩增结果以RAPDistance package Version 1?04程序进行分析,计算相对遗传距离指数1－F,再用NJ法进行聚类分析,构建系统树。结果表明,三种小型猪相互间亲缘关系较近,尤以贵州小型猪与巴马小型猪更近。荣昌猪Ⅰ系和长白猪关系较近,但与小型猪关系较远。 关键词：随机扩增多态DNA;小型猪;亲缘关系 The phylogenetic relationship of five species of pigs including Guizhou miniature pig,Bama pig,Xisuangbanna inbred pig,Rongchang Pig and Landrance was studied by RAPD analysis.Thirty-nine single polymorphic primers were selected out of 190 primers.The amplified fragments of thirty-nine primers were analysed by the RAPDistance package version 1.04 and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using NJ method.The results indicated as the following: three strains of miniature pigs have close phylogenetic relationship and the phylogenetic relationship between Guizhou miniature pig and Bama miniature pig was much closer.Landrance and Rongchang pig have close phylogenetic relationship too,but their phylogenetic relationship is far from the three strains of miniature pigs.     

五指莲重楼一新变种

红果五指莲 新变种 Paris axialis H. Livar. rubra H. H. Zhou, K. Y. Wu et R. Tao, var. nov. A typo differt fructu maturo rubro, arillo luteo-rubro, segmentis interioribus perianthiorum ea exteriora subaequilongis. Guizhou (贵州): Shuicheng (水城), 1X1990, H.H. Zhou (周汉华) 9031 (Typus KUN); ib. 3 Ⅶ 1990, H. H. Zhou 9013; ib. 25 Ⅳ 1990, H. H. Zhou 9008.     

Phylogeography and Cryptic Species Diversity of Paramesotriton caudopunctatus Species Group(Salamandridae: Paramesotriton) in Guizhou,China

The Paramesotriton caudopunctatus species group is mainly distributed in the karst mountain ecosystems of Guizhou, China. Although some species have been included in previous phylogenetic studies, the evolutionary relationships and divergence-time of members of this species group as a whole remain unexplored. In this study, we report the sequencing of one protein coding mitochondrial gene fragment(ND2) and one nuclear gene(POMC), and use a combination of phylogenetic analyses and coalescent simulations to explore the cryptic diversity and evolutionary history of the P. caudopunctatus species group. Phylogenetic relationships revealed that the P. caudopunctatus species group is composed of two major groups, i. e., East Clade and Western-South Clade. The divergence-time and ancestral area estimation suggested that the P. caudopunctatus species group likely originated in the Doupeng Mountains in Guizhou, China at 12.34 Ma(95% HPD: 8.30–14.73), and intraspecific divergence began at about 2.17 Ma(95% HPD: 1.39–2.97). This timing coincides with the orogenesis of the Miaoling Mountains during the Late Miocene to early Pleistocene. The delimitation of species in the P. caudopunctatus species group supports the existence of the currently identified species, and consensus was confirmed across methods for the existence of least to two cryptic species within what has been traditionally considered to be P. caudopunctatus species group. This study is of significance for understanding the species formation, dispersal, and diversity of the tailed amphibians in the karst mountains ecosystem of Guizhou and the role of the Miaoling Mountains as a geographical barrier to species dispersal.     

贵州三都水族Y染色体单倍型频率分析

在92例贵州三都水族个体中,用PCR-RFLP法研究由11个单核苷酸多态位点(SNPs)组成的Y染色体单倍型频率分布,结果显示该人群的Y染色体主要为南方特异的H11和H9单倍型,两者频率高达90.22％。主成分分析结果显示其父系遗传结构与我国黎族、布依族等汉藏语系壮侗语族民族最为接近。通过Y染色体的遗传学观察与历史记载和语言学分类有较好一致性。 Abstract:Non-recombination region of Y-chromosome is a useful marker in tracing evolutionary history of paternal lineage.In the present study,total 92 individuals from Shui ethnic group in Sandu Shui Ethnic Group Autonomous County of Guizhou Province were inspected with 11 SNP sites including M7,M9,M15,M45,M89,M95,M119,M122,M130,M134 and YAP on Y-chromosome.All the subjects were required to be unrelated and without intermarriage with other ethnic groups within three generations.The haplotypes were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method.Four haplotypes H5,H8,H9 and H11 were detected with frequencies of 0.054,0.044,0.315 and 0.587,respectively.Principle component indicated that the paternal lineage of Shui ethnic group is much closer to Li ethnic group of Hainan Province and Bouyei ethnic group of Guizhou Province,which belong to the group of Zhuang-Dong branch of Sino-Tibetan language family.In addition genetic study of Shui coincides with its linguistic distribution.