我国1999-2003年间ALV-J野毒株gp85基因变异趋势

通过接种鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)和聚合酶链式反应(PCR),连续五年从全国各地的送检病料中分离到14株J亚群白血病病毒(ALV-J).为了动态观察ALV-J囊膜表面结构蛋白(GP85)的变异情况,对这14株野毒株的囊膜糖蛋白基因(env)进行了克隆和测序,将它们与HPRS-103株的GP85的氨基酸序列进行了比较,结果表明ALV-J的囊膜表面结构蛋白发生了很大的变异,而且这些变异主要集中在高变区hr1、hr2和vr3;这些野毒株GP85的氨基酸序列的同源性在86.6%～100%之间(从同一鸡场中分离到的两株ALV-J即BJ00302与BJ0303的同源性为100%,其它毒株之间的同源性均小于100%);有义突变与沉默突变的比例显示这3个高变区极有可能是免疫选择压作用的位点.     

禽白血病病毒J亚群跨种传播研究

禽白血病病毒J亚群(ALV-J)为致瘤性禽反转录病毒,主要引起髓细胞瘤。ALV-J囊膜基因的高频突变率使其具有了跨种传播的潜力。为探索ALV-J在宿主选择压力下是否可实现跨种传播,本研究以ALV-J顺次感染易感宿主禽(SPF鸡,火鸡),然后过渡到抗性宿主禽(山鸡,鹌鹑和鸭),检测排毒规律、观察病理变化、分析分离株囊膜基因(env)遗传突变。结果显示,通过对ALV-J体内选择压的逐级建立,实现了对抗性宿主山鸡和鹌鹑的感染,但鸭未感染,而用原代毒直接攻毒抗性禽则未出现感染。SPF鸡和火鸡感染率均为100%(16/16),而山鸡和鹌鹑的感染率分别为37.5%(6/16)和10%(3/30)。感染宿主均呈免疫耐受状态,并可见肝脏、脾脏、肾脏及心血管系统炎症反应和组织损伤。通过有义突变与沉默突变比值(NS/S)分析,山鸡毒株和鹌鹑毒株超变区hr2的NS/S值均为2.5,由此可知山鸡和鹌鹑ALV-J分离株的突变是由宿主选择压造成的,且提示hr2区突变是ALV-J实现跨种传播的关键区域。序列同源性分析发现火鸡、山鸡和鹌鹑ALV-J分离株与原始毒逐渐远离,而与ALV-J原型株HPRS-103株却呈接近趋势,但HPRS-103不感染山鸡和鹌鹑,其机制还有待于进一步研究。     

两个猪瘟病毒野毒株gp55基因抗原编码区序列的分析及比较

利用反转录－PCR方法扩增了吉林省猪瘟病毒（HCV）两个野毒株gp55基因的主要保护性抗原编码区,并将其克隆到pGEM－T载体中,然后用Sanger双脱氧法测定了其核苷酸序列,并推导了其氨基酸序列。将测定的这两个HCV野毒株的部分序列（350bp）与国内外已知的HCV序列进行比较,结果表明：这两个野毒株的核苷酸序列的同源性为94．9％,氨基酸序列同源性为97．4％,与1985～1992年意大利中部分离4个野毒株的同源性明显高于其它HCV毒株,核苷酸同源性分别为97．2％～98．3％和94.0％～949％,氨基酸同源性分别为98．3％～991％和97.4％～98.3％,而与我国的HCV标准强毒株即石门株的核苷酸同源性仅分别为83.1％和83.1％,氨基酸同源性仅分别为90.6％和91.4％。因此认为吉林省这两个野毒株与意大利中部的4个野毒株具有密切的关系,而与石门株很可能来源不同。     

鹅新城疫病毒P基因的RNA编辑及其相关蛋白的分子特征

应用RT-PCR方法对鹅新城疫病毒安徽分离株WF00GP基因进行了RNA编辑分析,发现w‰GP基因在保守的编辑位点上插入一个G,使得P基因增加编码V蛋白,而且它的最大ORF的长度为1188bp,编码395个氨基酸的P蛋白。wkG株和参考毒株的P基因的同源性和系统发育分析表明,WF00G株与水禽源毒株NA．1、ZJ1、FPI／02、PX2／03、Duck／1／05和SF02等亲缘关系较近,与传统疫苗株或弱毒株HB92、LaSota和Clone30以及F48E9等的亲缘关系相对较远。进一步对其V蛋白羧基端序列分析发现,虽然编辑位点氨基酸序列（132KKG134）和羧基端的5个Cys残基位点是高度保守的,但是V蛋白c末端氨基酸存在较大变异,APMV-1毒株V蛋白羧基端氨基酸的突变呈现“基因型一致性”。     

北京地区G1-G4型人轮状病毒地方株VP7编码基因的序列分析

本文报告了北京地区流行的４个轮状病毒地方株（Ｇ１－Ｇ４）ＶＰ７编码基因的核苷酸序列。４个地方株的该基因核苷酸全长均为１０６２ｂｐ,读码框架和已往的研究一致。地方株和相同血清型的标准株之间ＶＰ７氨基酸序列具有高度同源性（９２％－９４％）,而不同血清型间则变异较大（６９％－８０％）。不同血清型间氨基酸序列的变异主要存在于高变区内,高变区以外的区域在不同血清型轮状病毒间保守。这一序列分析结果进一步从分子水平分析了地方流行毒株的血清型别,揭示了轮状病毒地方流行毒株和标准株之间ＶＰ７序列的变异情况     

22株猪圆环病毒2型安徽分离株全基因组遗传进化分析

为了解安徽地区猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的分子流行病学及流行毒株遗传变异情况,本研究应用DNA Star软件,针对22株PCV2安徽分离株和26株GenBank登录的PCV2参考毒株,进行全基因组核苷酸序列、ORF1和ORF2核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分析,并运用MEGA 6.0软件构建系统进化树.结果显示,22株PCV2安徽分离株基因组全长均为1 767 bp,相互之间的核苷酸序列相似度为94.6％～99.8％,与GenBank登录的26株PCV2参考毒株之间的核苷酸序列相似度为92.4％～99.8％.PCV2安徽分离株的ORF1核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列与参考毒株之间的相似度分别为94.3％～100％和85.4％～100％,ORF2核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列相似度分别为85.9％～99.9％和76.9％～100％.ORF2编码的Cap蛋白氨基酸序列在8～30、44～91、121～140及190～224几个区域存在突变,且有部分变异位点位于抗原表位区.22株PCV2安徽分离株分布于两个基因亚型,8株属于PCV2b,14株属于PCV2d.结果表明,PCV2安徽分离株的全基因组核苷酸序列较稳定且彼此间亲缘关系密切.ORF2的变异程度远高于ORF1,PCV2d基因亚型己经逐渐过渡成为安徽地区的主要流行毒株.Cap蛋白氨基酸序列在免疫反应区域内的变异可能影响PCV2的免疫原性.本研究结果丰富了安徽地区猪圆环病毒病的分子流行病学资料,同时也为有效防控该病提供了一定的参考依据.     

福建省输入性D8基因型麻疹病毒分子流行病学特征

为分析福建省输入性D8基因型麻疹病毒分子流行病学特征,采集咽拭子标本采用实时荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(Real-time RT-PCR)筛查麻疹病毒核酸.用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增麻疹病毒核酸筛查阳性咽拭子及Vero/Slam细胞培养阳性产物,对麻疹病毒核蛋白(Nucleoprotein,N)羧基(COOH)端634个核苷酸(Nucleotides,nt)片段进行测序分析,构建系统进化树.最终分离获得1株麻疹病毒株,26条麻疹病毒N蛋白羧基末端450个nt序列.亲缘性分析发现,所有福建麻疹毒株与WHOD8基因型参考株(MVi/Manchester.GBR/30.94)在亲缘关系树上同属一个大分支,两者核苷酸序列和氨基酸(Amino acid,aa)序列同源性分别为96.4％～99.1％和96.7％～98.0％.其中2014年的福建毒株 MVs/Fujian.CHN/28.14和 MVs/Fujian.CHN/30.14与越南胡志明市2014年分离株MVs/HoChiMinh.VNM/11.14及美国纽约2013年分离株MVs/New.York.USA/19.13的nt同源性为 100％;2019年的毒株MVs/Fujian.CHN/25.19与泰国龙仔厝府2018年分离株MVs/Samut.Sakhon.THA/8.18的nt同源性为100％;而剩余的23个监测毒株则与日本神户2019年分离株MVs/KobeC.JPN/28.19的核苷酸同源性和氨基酸同源性最高,分别为99.6％～100.0％和99.3％～100.0％.在病毒N蛋白羧基端150个氨基酸位点上,福建株与WHO D8参考株存在3～5个氨基酸位点差异.而与现用的疫苗株(Shanghai-191)相比,存在17～19个氨基酸变异位点,其中有14个氨基酸位点为所有福建株共有的变异位点,这些位点的变异总体上未对编码蛋白的氨基酸造成明显改变.结论是福建省成功分离获得1株D8基因型麻疹毒株.D8基因型为福建省发现的输入性麻疹基因型,病毒N蛋白羧基端氨基酸位点上与疫苗株相比均出现了差异位点.     

蛋鸡J亚群白血病病毒的分离鉴定及序列分析

通过接种鸡胚成纤维细胞((CEF)及特异性单抗的间接荧光抗体反应(IFA),从中国商品代蛋鸡群中首次分离到J亚群白血病病毒(ALV-J).对其env基因编码的氨基酸序列及3'-末端(3'-Ter)序列与国内外来源于白羽肉鸡的毒株作了比较分析.结果显示,这两株病毒的gp85基因编码的氨基酸序列与国外5个毒株同源性仅为83.4%～87.3%,与国内来源于白羽肉鸡的8株病毒同源性也仅为86.4%～89.6%.gp37基因编码的氨基酸序列与5个国外毒株同源性为91.8%～97.0%,与8个国内毒株同源性为93.9%～95.9%.另外,国内来源于白羽肉鸡的各毒株的3'-Ter序列在"E"区均有明显缺失,但本次分离的来源于蛋鸡群的毒株在"E"区没有缺失突变.与所列出的13株国内外毒株相比,这两个毒株在3'-Ter的缺失最少,较接近于原型株HPRS-103.显然这两株病毒的来源不同于国内白羽肉鸡.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒中国分离株LX4纤突蛋白基因分子特征

应用RT-PCR方法分别扩增了中国地方分离株IBV LX4 S1和S2基因并进行了基因的克隆和序列测定.结果发现,LX4 S基因由3495个核苷酸组成,编码一条1164个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.S基因编码产物裂解后形成的S1和S2亚单位分别由539和625个氨基酸残基组成.LX4 S基因推导氨基酸切割识别位点序列为HRRRR,与A2、SD/97/02和Z株相同,而与其它国内外参考毒株不同.与国内外10株已报道的具有全S基因序列的IBV参考毒株比较,LX4与国内分离毒株SD/97/02的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性最高.与32株国内外参考毒株的S1基因进化树分析比较表明,LX4与A2、SD/97/02、Z、TJ/96/02、JX/99/01和SAIBWJ等7个国内分离株在同一亚群内.在该亚群内,LX4与A2和SD/97/02亲缘关系更近,且三者在高变区和抗原表位均具有高度的同源性,而与本亚群内其它参考毒株对应的高变区和抗原表位同源性差异较大.LX4与H120 S1基因编码氨基酸的同源性虽然高于其它国外参考毒株,但同源性仍然较低,为75%.与参考毒株比较,LX4 S2基因的点突变造成其推导的氨基酸序列有11个位点发生改变,这些突变可能影响S2与S1蛋白之间的相互作用,从而影响S蛋白与特异性抗体的结合.     

中国6省2005年麻疹病毒分离株分子特征分析

研究2005年我国6省麻疹暴发、流行的野毒株基因型特征和分子流行病学,为进一步的麻疹防治策略提供科学依据.用RT-PCR方法,从2005年6省分离的48株麻疹病毒株中扩增出核蛋白（nucleoprotein, N）基因C末端676个核苷酸片段.再对扩增产物进行核苷酸序列测定和分析,并以C末端456个核苷酸片段构建基因亲缘性关系树,进行核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分析.6省分离的48株麻疹病毒均为H1基因型,其中两株为H1b亚型, 其余为H1a亚型.48株野毒株的核苷酸同源性为95.1%～100%（核苷酸差异为0～22bp）,氨基酸同源性为92.7%～100%;与我国疫苗株S191的核苷酸同源性为88.7%～92.5%,氨基酸同源性为88.0%～91.2%.其中Shaanxi05-1和Yunnan05-1,Anhui05-2和Ningxia05-9的N末端456个核苷酸的同源性为100%;Hebei05-19、Anhui00-2和Liaoning02-2,Hebei05-1和Chongqing04-3的核苷酸的同源性为100%.引起2005年我国6省麻疹暴发流行的野毒株为H1基因型,并以H1a为绝对优势亚型.各省之间存在相同毒株引起的传播链,不同年份之间存在相同麻疹野毒株的持续循环传播.同时提示,有必要进一步研究由核苷酸变异引起的氨基酸变异及中和抗原位点等生物学性状的改变,可能影响麻疹病毒的毒力和传播力.     

Different quasispecies with great mutations hide in the same subgroup J field strain of avian leukosis virus

Blood samples were collected from a local strain of chickens associated with serious tumor cases in Shandong Province.The samples were inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblast and DF-1 cells for virus isolation and identification,respectively.The inoculated cells were screened for three common chicken tumor viruses.Nine strains of avian leukosis virus subgroup J(ALV-J) were identified,and were designated LY1201‐LY1209.The env gene from the LY1201 strain was amplified and cloned.All nine resultant env clones(clones 01-09) were sequenced,and the gp85 and gp37 amino acid regions were subjected to homology analysis.Clones 01 and 03 had 10 amino acid deletions in the gp85 region compared to the other seven clones,suggesting that at least two quasispecies with obvious mutations coexist in the same field strain.Among these nine clones,three had identical gp85 and gp37 sequences,and were recognized as the dominant LY1201 quasispecies.The amino acid sequence homology of gp37 and gp85 among the nine clones was 98.5%-100.0% and 96.6%-100.0% respectively,suggesting that the gp85 region of the env gene can better display the quasispecies diversity of ALV-J than gp37.     

禽白血病病毒J亚群env基因产物的抗原性分析

用PCR扩增方法将ALV Jenv基因不同片段进行了克隆 ,并构建了env基因片段GST融合蛋白载体。用Westernblot实验证明 ,大肠杆菌表达的不同env基因片段的GST融合蛋白能与相应的单克隆抗体产生特异性反应性 ,单克隆抗体JE9和G2识别的抗原位点位于gp85的氨基酸 6 5～ 1 5 5区域 ,而I45识别的抗原表位位于env基因的另一区域 (1 5 6～ 2 3 3位氨基酸 )。ALV J氨基酸多肽而非糖基化位点决定ALV J的亚群特异性     

ALV-J GP37 Molecular Analysis Reveals Novel Virus-Adapted Sites and Three Tyrosine-Based Env Species

Compared to other avian leukosis viruses (ALV), ALV-J primarily induces myeloid leukemia and hemangioma and causes significant economic loss for the poultry industry. The ALV-J Env protein is hypothesized to be related to its unique pathogenesis. However, the molecular determinants of Env for ALV-J pathogenesis are unclear. In this study, we compared and analyzed GP37 of ALV-J Env and the EAV-HP sequence, which has high homology to that of ALV-J Env. Phylogenetic analysis revealed five groups of ALV-J GP37 and two novel ALV-J Envs with endemic GP85 and EAV-HP-like GP37. Furthermore, at least 15 virus-adapted mutations were detected in GP37 compared to the EAV-HP sequence. Further analysis demonstrated that three tyrosine-based motifs (YxxM, ITIM (immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) and ITAM-like (immune tyrosine-based active motif like)) associated with immune disease and oncogenesis were found in the cytoplasmic tail of GP37. Based on the potential function and distribution of these motifs in GP37, ALV-J Env was grouped into three species, inhibitory Env, bifunctional Env and active Env. Accordingly, 36.91%, 61.74% and 1.34% of ALV-J Env sequences from GenBank are classified as inhibitory, bifunctional and active Env, respectively. Additionally, the Env of the ALV-J prototype strain, HPRS-103, and 17 of 18 EAV-HP sequences belong to the inhibitory Env. And models for signal transduction of the three ALV-J Env species were predicted. Our findings and models provide novel insights for identifying the roles and molecular mechanism of ALV-J Env in the unique pathogenesis of ALV-J.     

Molecular basis of host range variation in avian retroviruses.

Previous genetic analysis has localized the region of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) env gene responsible for host range specificity to that encoding the middle one-third of gp85. To better understand the host range determinants, the relevant regions of the genomes of infectious molecular clones of the transformation-defective Prague strain of RSV, subgroup B (Pr-RSV-B) and Rous-associated virus 0 (RAV-0) (subgroup E) were sequenced and compared with the sequence of Pr-RSV-C. This comparative analysis identified two variable regions of low amino acid sequence homology flanked by highly conserved amino acid sequences. The first variable region (hr1) begins at base 5654 in the Pr-RSV-C sequence and encodes 32 amino acids. The second variable region (hr2) begins at base 5846 and encodes 27 amino acids. To test the role of the variable regions in host range specificity, we determined the sequence of this region of the env gene of NTRE-4, a recombinant virus between Pr-RSV-B and RAV-0 which exhibits an extended host range. This analysis revealed that the recombinant subgroup-encoding region of NTRE-4 is composed of 200 bases of RAV-0 sequence, including hr2, flanked by sequences which are otherwise of Pr-RSV-B origin. This study indicates that hr1 and hr2 are the domains of gp85 responsible for host range determination in avian retroviruses.     

Conservation and variation in the hemagglutinins of Hong Kong subtype influenza viruses during antigenic drift.

The nucleotide sequence was determined for the hemagglutinin gene of the Hong Kong subtype influenza strain A/Bangkok/1/79. The amino acid sequence predicted from these data shows a total of 36 amino acid changes as compared with hemagglutinin for a 1968 Hong Kong strain, 11 more than had occurred in a 1975 strain. The distribution of these changes confirmed that there are conserved and highly variable regions in hemagglutinin as the viral gene evolves during antigenic drift in the Hong Kong subtype. Of the four variable regions found in this study, only two have been seen previously. Correlation of highly variable areas in the hemagglutinins of Hong Kong subtype field strains with sites of amino acid changes in antigenically distinct influenza variants enabled us to predict likely antigenic regions of the protein. The results support and extend similar predictions made recently, based on the three-dimensional arrangement of hemagglutinin from a 1968 influenza strain.     

大熊猫犬瘟热病毒附着或血凝蛋白基因的序列分析

首次对犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）大熊猫（ＧＰ）毒株附着或血凝蛋白（Ｈ）基因进行了序列测定并与疫苗株Ｏｎｄｅｒｓｔｅｐｏｏｒｔ进行了比较。我们设计合成了４对引物,对ＧＰ株进行了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增与测序。Ｈ蛋白基因全长为１９４６ｂｐ,开放阅读框架（ＯＲＦ）始于２１－２３位的ＡＴＧ,终止于１８４２－１８４４位的ＴＧＡ,编码６０７个氨基酸,该基因序列已被ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ。将ＧＰ毒株与ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中疫苗弱毒株Ｏｎｄ     

Posttranslational processing and identification of a neutralization domain of the GP4 protein encoded by ORF4 of Lelystad virus.

GP4 is a minor structural glycoprotein encoded by ORF4 of Lelystad virus (LV). When it was immunoprecipitated from cell lysates and extracellular virus of CL2621 cells infected with LV, it was shown to have an apparent molecular mass of approximately 28 and 31 kDa, respectively. This difference in size occurred because its core N-glycans were modified to complex type N-glycans during the transport of the protein through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartment. A panel of 15 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reacted with the native GP4 protein expressed by LV and the recombinant GP4 protein expressed in a Semliki Forest virus expression system. However, these MAbs did not react with the GP4 protein of U.S. isolate VR2332. To map the binding site of the MAbs, chimeric constructs composed of ORF4 of LV and VR2332 were generated. The reactivity of these constructs indicated that all the MAbs were directed against a region spanning amino acids 40 to 79 of the GP4 protein of LV. Six MAbs reacted with solid-phase synthetic dodecapeptides. The core of this site consists of amino acids 59 to 67 (SAAQEKISF). Comparison of the amino acid sequences of GP4 proteins from various European and North American isolates indicated that the neutralization domain spanning amino acids 40 to 79 is the most variable region of GP4. The neutralization domain of GP4, described here, is the first identified for LV.     

禽白血病病毒J亚群env基因的克隆和序列分析

应用多聚酶链反应（PCR）的方法扩增出ADOL-4817毒株的囊膜蛋白env基因,并克隆进大肠杆菌。经核酸序列分析证明,env基因的大小为1746 bp,其中gp85和gp37由1554 bp组成,可翻译成517个氨基酸,分子量为57.7 D。根据糖基化位点N-X-S/T的特点,发现ADOL-4817的env蛋白有15个潜在的糖基化位点。同源性分析证明,ADOL-4817的env基因与其它ALV-J的env基因序列同源性为88.8%～92.4%,而与外源性ALVs的相应序列的同源性仅为40.5%～51.4%,然而,与内源性的EAV-HP毒株的类env基因的同源性高达91.2%;另外,ADOL-4817毒株的gp37在C末端多了13个氨基酸。这些结果提示,ALV-J的env基因存在广泛的变异性,env基因可能来源于内源性和外源性ALVs的重组。     

Isolation and sequencing of a cDNA clone encoding the 85 kDa human lysosomal sialoglycoprotein (hLGP85) in human metastatic pancreas islet tumor cells.

A full length cDNA for a human lysosomal membrane sialoglycoprotein (hLGP85) was isolated as a probe of the cDNA of rat LGP85 (rLGP85) from the cDNA library prepared from total mRNA of QGP-1NL cells, a human pancreatic islet tumor cell with a high metastatic activity. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that hLGP85 consists of 478 amino acid residues (MW. 54,289). The protein has 10 putative N-glycosylation sites and 2 hydrophobic regions at the NH2- and near the COOH-termini, respectively. Thus, both domains probably constitute putative transmembrane domains. It exhibits 86% and 79% sequence similarities in amino acids and nucleic acids to rat lysosomal membrane sialoglycoprotein (rLGP85), respectively. The protein contained the short cytoplasmic tail at the COOH-terminus which does not form the glycine-tyrosine sequence (GY motif), the so-called lysosomal targetting signal.