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低植酸作物突变体研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
植酸是玉米(Zea mays)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare)、水稻(Oryza sativa)和大豆(Glvcine max)等籽粒中广泛存在的一种有机酸(6-肌醇磷酸),其与K 、Ca2 、Mg2 和Fe3 等金属离子形成的植酸盐是微量营养元素的重要贮存形式.植酸及植酸盐不能被人和非反刍动物所吸收利用;植酸摄入体内后还会和其他来源的微量营养元素结合形成植酸盐,造成这些营养元素的生物有效性下降,从而造成微量元素缺乏症.此外,大量的植酸及植酸盐随粪便排出,造成严重的环境污染,尤其是水体富营养化.由于土壤中缺乏分解微生物,即使畜禽粪便作有机肥还田仍不能被作物吸收利用.近年来,利用理化诱变与转基因技术已成功地获得了玉米、大麦、水稻和大豆等作物的低植酸突变体.本文对植酸的生物合成过程、低植酸突变体的诱发与研究、低植酸突变体的遗传特征与可能机理及营养评价进行了综述,并对低植酸作物的应用前景进行了简要分析. 相似文献
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本文系统评述了植酸的生物学和生化合成、植酸的含量与贮存形式及其影响因素、低植酸作物的营养功能、低植酸作物的诱变培育和低植酸突变性状的遗传研究,展望了低植酸作物培育的前景。 相似文献
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磷是植物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素。在种子发育过程中,植酸是磷的贮存库,对维持植物体内磷平衡有重要的作用。在种子萌发过程中,植酸酶分解植酸盐,释放磷、矿质营养和肌醇供幼苗生长。本文综述了近年来植物(作物)种子中植酸的生物合成途径、种子植酸含量的遗传、低植酸作物的育种等研究进展。首先,植酸生物合成途径中最初的反应底物为葡萄糖-6-磷酸,形成肌醇后,以肌醇为底物合成植酸共有两条路径:依赖脂类与不依赖脂类,目前,已分离鉴定若干植酸合成所需的关键酶及其编码基因,包括肌醇-3-磷酸合成酶、肌醇激酶、肌醇多磷酸盐激酶,以及参与植酸运输的ATP结合盒转运子。其次,利用作图群体及关联分析群体,分别在水稻(Oryza sativa L.)、白菜(Brassica rapa L.)、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)等植物中鉴定出多个与种子植酸磷含量相关的遗传位点。第三,筛选获得有价值的低植酸突变体是培育低植酸作物的主要途径。当把低植酸作为育种目标时,可能会忽略种子植酸含量的降低给植物带来的不利影响,如何消除低植酸造成的不利影响,成为科学家们亟需解决的问题。 相似文献
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利用组织和细胞培养筛选作物耐盐突变体的研究 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
利用组织和细胞培养筛选作物耐盐突变体的研究王仑山王鸣刚王亚馥(兰州大学生物系,兰州730000)THESELECTIONOFNaCl┐TOLERANTMUTANTSBYTISSUEANDCELLCULTUREINPLANTWangLun-shanW... 相似文献
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拟南芥耐低钾突变体的筛选及遗传分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
利用乙酰甲基磺酸(EMS)诱变方法,以幼苗根在重力作用下的弯曲生长为指标、筛选得到了拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)耐低钾突变体。经过对突变体杂交后代的遗传分析证明,其中两株突变体的耐低钾性状为隐性单基因突变所致。鉴定、分离与植物耐低钾性状连锁的基因将有可能与对培育钾高效作物品种有重要意义。 相似文献
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真核低分子量尿激酶原突变体基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过一种融合抗栓肽的低分子量尿激酶原的突变体 (DscuPA 32K)在大肠杆菌中表达的研究 ,进行了一系列不同条件下的实验 .DscuPA 32K在菌株BL2 1中的表达很低 ,表达量仅为 3% ;为提高其表达量 ,引进一种整合稀有tRNA基因的菌株BL2 1 CodonPlusTM RIL ,增加大肠杆菌中识别稀有密码子的tRNA的数量 ,DscuPA 32K的表达水平确实有了很大提高 ,最大表达量约占 2 0 % .结果表明 ,富含稀有密码子的DscuPA 32K在大肠杆菌中表达受限制的因素 ,完全可以由增加稀有tRNA的数量来克服 .免疫印迹分析DscuPA 32K具有良好的抗原性 .此表达菌株可能有利于含大肠杆菌稀有密码子的真核基因在大肠杆菌中的表达 . 相似文献
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通过对ein3-1功能缺失型突变体种子进行EMS诱变,筛选到47株盐敏感突变体。根据对盐敏感程度的不同将其分为3类,分别为低盐超敏感突变体(low concentration of salt hyper-sensitive mutants,lsh),低盐中等敏感突变体(low con-centration of salt moderate-sensitive mutants,lsm)和低盐弱敏感突变体(lowconcentration of salt slight-sensitive mutants,lss)。以其中一株lss-3为例,进行了深入研究。根据遗传分析和生理试验表明,lss-3是以ein3-1为背景的隐性双突变体,而且具有比Col-0和ein3-1更加敏感的盐表型。三重反应表明,lss-3与ein3-1类似,表现出对ACC不敏感的表型。推测lss-3突变的基因可能与乙烯信号途径组分EIN3有关,也可能与之无关,仅是参与抗盐的一个新基因。 相似文献
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It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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Lina Rustanti Hongping Jin Dongsheng Li Mary Lor Haran Sivakumaran David Harrich 《中国病毒学》2018,33(2):142-152
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases 相似文献
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Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme
responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare
the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show
that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by
distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of
demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least
one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of
the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable
potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献