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Annelin Eriksen 《The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute》2018,24(1):164-180
In this article, I question regional context as primary context in anthropological analyses. I argue that the idea of historical continuity in a geographical locality/region might prevent us from understanding not only radical change, but also more gradually emerging social patterns that connect the ethnography to very different kinds of histories and places. Concretely, I focus on the global Charismatic and Pentecostal movements, and as an experiment, I ask whether it is possible to go to ‘Pentecost’, instead of going to Melanesia. With ‘going to Pentecost’ as a heuristic device, I suggest it is possible to overcome methodological challenges in the study of global religious movements. In this article, I thus trace the practices and articulations of my interlocutors as part of a wider Pentecostal universe. I show how notions of seeing, borders, separations, and protection are crucial in ‘Pentecost’, and I connect this to key Christian ideas and values. 相似文献
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We used experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster, which had either been subdivided (metapopulations) or kept undivided for 40 generations, to study the consequences of population
subdivision for the tolerance and adaptive response after six generations of exposure to novel environmental factors (high
temperature, medium with ethanol or salt added) for traits with different genetic architectures. In this setup, we attempted
to separate the effects of the loss of fitness due to inbreeding (i.e., the survival upon first exposure to stress) from the
loss of adaptive potential due to the lack of genetic variation. To place our experimental results in a more general perspective,
we used individual-based simulations combining different options of levels of gene flow, intensity of selection and genetic
architecture to derive quantitative hypotheses of the effects of these factors on the adaptive response to stress. We observed
that population subdivision resulted in substantial inter-deme variation in tolerance due to redistribution of genetic variation
from within demes to among demes. In line with the simulation results, the adaptive response was generally lower in the subdivided
than in the undivided populations, particularly so for high temperature. We observed pronounced differences between stress
factors that are likely related to the different genetic architectures involved in resistance to these factors. From a conservation
genetics viewpoint, our results have two important implications: (i) Long-term fragmentation in combination with restricted
gene flow will limit the adaptive potential of individual subpopulations because adaptive variation will become distributed
among populations rather than within populations. (ii) The genetic architecture of the trait(s) under selection is of great
significance to understand the possible responses to novel stresses that may be expected. 相似文献
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Steve M. Redpath John D. C. Linnell Marco Festa‐Bianchet Luigi Boitani Nils Bunnefeld Amy Dickman R. J. Gutiérrez R. J. Irvine Maria Johansson Aleksandra Majić Barry J. McMahon Simon Pooley Camilla Sandström Annelie Sjölander‐Lindqvist Ketil Skogen Jon E. Swenson Arie Trouwborst Juliette Young E. J. Milner‐Gulland 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2017,92(4):2157-2163
Finding effective ways of conserving large carnivores is widely recognised as a priority in conservation. However, there is disagreement about the most effective way to do this, with some favouring top‐down ‘command and control’ approaches and others favouring collaboration. Arguments for coercive top‐down approaches have been presented elsewhere; here we present arguments for collaboration. In many parts of the developed world, flexibility of approach is built into the legislation, so that conservation objectives are balanced with other legitimate goals. In the developing world, limited resources, poverty and weak governance mean that collaborative approaches are likely to play a particularly important part in carnivore conservation. In general, coercive policies may lead to the deterioration of political legitimacy and potentially to non‐compliance issues such as illegal killing, whereas collaborative approaches may lead to psychological ownership, enhanced trust, learning, and better social outcomes. Sustainable hunting/trapping plays a crucial part in the conservation and management of many large carnivores. There are many different models for how to conserve carnivores effectively across the world, research is now required to reduce uncertainty and examine the effectiveness of these approaches in different contexts. 相似文献
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Emilio M. Bruna 《Biotropica》2014,46(6):782-782
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