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1.
Barton HJ 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(2):637-658
The population of about 300 6-year-old preschool children was studied for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in deciduous teeth, scalp
hair, and capillary blood. Zinc (Zn) content in hair was also measured due to its possible interferences with the elements
studied. The Pb and Cd contents were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction,
and Zn, by flame method. Metal levels found were comparable to those in European countries. Positive correlations between
Pb and Cd in the same and different tissues were widespread (r = 0.23–0.68). A positive correlation was found between Pb in teeth and blood (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). Pb blood threshold 100 μg L−1 referred to 2.6 μg g−1 Pb in teeth. Predictability of this Pb teeth limit was 14% vs. 5% for Pb blood. Strong negative correlation was found between
hair Pb and Zn (r = −0.68, p < 0.001). Enhanced Cd and Zn levels in hair were associated with the household drinking water hardness. The associations
with some other environmental and behavioral factors were also presented and discussed. The results proved the advantage of
analysis of primary teeth for Pb exposure screening of preschool children. 相似文献
2.
Marcin Słojewski Bogusław Czerny Krzysztof Safranow Katarzyna Jakubowska Maria Olszewska Andrzej Pawlik Adam Gołąb Marek Droździk Dariusz Chlubek Andrzej Sikorski 《Biological trace element research》2010,137(3):301-316
The role of trace elements in lithogenesis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of elements
in urinary stones and in the urine and hair of stone formers to identify these elements that have synergic correlations in
studied materials and may contribute to lithogenesis. A total of 219 consecutive patients with idiopathic upper urinary tract
stones were prospectively enrolled in the study. Urine and hair samples were collected from all patients. The content of the
stone was evaluated using atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry, and colorimetric methods. The analysis of 29
elements in stones and hair and 21 elements in urine was performed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.
The strength of correlation was described with the value of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The positive correlation
between concentration of sodium, potassium, magnesium, barium, vanadium, zinc, silicon, phosphorus, and iodine in phosphate
stones was observed. Only a few incidental correlations between the composition of stones and the distribution of elements
in urine and in hair were found. There were 109 positive two-element correlations between two materials. The most common were
observed for vanadium, aluminum, lead, cobalt, and molybdenum. Two-element positive correlations for all samples were established
only for three elements: vanadium, lead, and aluminum. Results indicate that analysis of particular elements in hair and urine
cannot predict the composition of urinary stones. This study showed, for the first time, correlations between the levels of
vanadium, lead, and aluminum in the stones, urine, and hair of stone formers. 相似文献
3.
Selenium is an essential trace element and its isufficient status may cause serious health complications for both individuals
and the whole populations. To investigate the selenium status of the subpop-ulation in northeastern Bohemia represented by
the region ústí nad Orlicí, 253 serum, 469 urine, and 31 hair samples from 470 randomly selected volunteers between 6 and
65 yr of age have been analyzed for selenium concentration. Serum and hair Se were detected by instrumental neutron activation
analysis (means: 55 ±11 Μg Se/L sera, 0.268 ±0.040 Μg Se/g hair). Urine Se was measured by fluorimetry (12 ±5 Μg Se/L urine)
with coanalyses of Lyphocheck urine, SRM Urine 2670, and Seronorm urine for quality control of the method. Results proved
significant age-dependent differences, but gender differences were not significant. The frequency plot of serum Se proved
maximal frequencies in adults between 55 and 70 Μg Se/L and in children in the range 45–55 Μg Se/L. The same plots of urine
Se for both age groups showed maximal frequency in the limits 8–15 Μg Se/L. All indices used (Se in serum, urine, and hair)
confirmed mild to severe selenium deficiency in the population of the region. 相似文献
4.
Masayuki Ikeda Shinichiro Shimbo Takao Watanabe Fumiko Ohashi Yoshinari Fukui Sonoko Sakuragi Jiro Moriguchi 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(3):269-286
Successful trials were made to estimate the dietary daily intake of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) via foods from the levels of
the metals in blood or urine. In practice, 14 and 15 reports were available for Pb and Cd in blood (Pb-B and Cd-B), urine
(Pb-U and Cd-U) and 24-h diet duplicates (Pb-D and Cd-D), respectively, from which 68 pairs each of Pb or Cd in blood and
food duplicates [each being geometric mean (GM) values for the survey sites] were obtained. Regression analysis revealed that
there was a significant correlation between Pb-B and Pb-D, and also between Cd-B and Cd-D, suggesting that it should be possible
to estimate both Pb-D and Cd-D from Pb-B and Cd-B, respectively. For Cd-U, the number of available cases was limited (20 pairs),
but a significant correlation was detected between Cd-U (as Cd-Ucr, or Cd levels in urine as corrected for creatinine concentration) and Cd-D. Care should be taken in estimating Pb-D from
Pb-B, as the ratio of Pb-D over Pb-B may decrease as a function of increasing Pb-B levels. The Pb-D (μg/day) for typical Japanese
women with Pb-B of 15 μg/l was best estimated to be 13.5 μg/day. No Cd-B- or Cd-Ucr-dependent change was detected in case of Cd. The best estimate of Cd-D for Cd-B at 1.5 μg/l should be about 19.4 μg/day. 相似文献
5.
Hassan Imran Afridi Tasneem Gul Kazi Naveed Kazi Sirajuddin Ghulam Abbas Kandhro Jameel Ahmed Baig Abdul Qadir Shah Sham Kumar Wadhwa Sumaira Khan Nida Fatima Kolachi Faheem Shah Mohammad Khan Jamali Mohammad Balal Arain 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):350-361
The causes of night blindness in children are multifactorial, and particular consideration has been given to childhood trace metals toxicity, which is the most common problem found in underdeveloped countries. This study was designed to compare the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in scalp hair, blood, and urine of night blindness children age ranged 3–7 and 8–12 years of both genders, comparing them to sex- and age-matched controls. A microwave-assisted wet acid digestion procedure was developed as a sample pretreatment, for the determination of Cd, Pb, and Ni in biological samples of night blindness children. The proposed method was validated by using conventional wet digestion and certified reference samples of hair, blood, and urine. The digests of all biological samples were analyzed for Cd, Pb, and Ni by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated significantly higher levels of Cd, Pb, and Ni in the biological samples (blood, scalp hair, and urine) of male and female night blindness children, compared with control subjects of both genders. These data present guidance to clinicians and other professional investigating toxicity of trace metals in biological samples of night blindness children. 相似文献
6.
Lead, copper, zinc, and magnesium content in hair of children and young people with some neurological diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lech T 《Biological trace element research》2002,85(2):111-126
The lead, copper, zinc, and magnesium levels of scalp hair taken from 153 children aged 1–15 yr and young people (16–18 yr)
with selected neurological disorders (hyperexcibility, loss of consciousness, and epileptiform convulsions of an unknown origin,
etc.), were measured using the atomic absorption spectrometry method and then compared with a control group of healthy children
(n=108). The research indicated significantly reduced mean levels of magnesium in the hair of children suffering from selected
neurological diseases (in children aged 11–15 yr of age, above 30%; up to 5 yr of age, nearly 30%; the differences were statistically
significant at p<0.05) and slightly decreased mean levels of copper (differences statistically significant at p<0.05, particularly in the 11 to 15-yr category). Differences in zinc levels in hair were inconsiderable (not statistically
significant in any age groups). The lead level in the hair of the above-mentioned group of children was exceeded in relation
to the control group (a statistically significant difference at p<0.05 for the total group). A more than twofold decrease in the mean value of the Mg/Pb ratio (and a nearly 30% decrease in
the value of the Mg/Zn ratio) in the hair of children suffering from neurological diseases suggests that the high toxicity
of lead accompanying, among other things, magnesium deficiencies might be a cause of the observed disorders in children. 相似文献
7.
Lech T 《Biological trace element research》2002,89(2):111-125
The lead, copper, zinc, and magnesium contents of scalp hair taken from 173 children aged 1–15 yr and young people (16–18
yr) with certain disorders of the osteomuscular articular system (osteomuscular pains of unknown origin, once described as
“growing pains”) were measured, using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method, and then compared with those of 108
normal, healthy children. The research showed increased average levels of lead (a statistically significant p<0.05 in both the overall group of children, and in those over 11 yr old), and zinc (increased in the total group, in a statistically
significant way at p<0.10 only in adolescents over 15 yr old) and decreased levels of copper (although not significantly) in the hair of children
suffering from “rheumatic” diseases, as compared with controls. The magnesium levels for the total group of ill children were
admittedly enhanced, but in the youngest children, the levels were reduced.
The values of the Mg/Pb and Mg/Zn ratios were lower (in the youngest children, 70% decrease of the Mg/Pb ratio) and Zn/Cu
were higher in the group of children suffering from rheumatic diseases than in the healthy children. The difference of Mg/Pb
ratio between the total controls and rheumatic subjects was statistically significant at p<0.05 and the Zn/Cu at p<0.10. The Mg/Zn ratio was not statistically significant. 相似文献
8.
This study reports blood lead levels measured in 1998 in children from three Sardinian villages: Portoscuso, Sant'Antioco,
and Sestu. Portoscuso is located about 2 km from one of the most important industrial complexes in Sardinia. Sant'Antioco,
together with the villages of Carbonia, Gonnesa, Portoscuso and San Giovanni Suergiu, is in the Sulcis-Iglesiente zone, defined
as an “area of high risk of environmental crisis” on the basis of the Decree of the Italian Council of Ministers dated November
30, 1990. Sestu, a semi-urban centre about 10 km from Cagliari (the island's capital), can be considered not exposed to lead
pollution. Blood lead concentration was determined in heparinized venous blood samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrophotometry. Comparing the mean blood lead levels for the boys of Portoscuso measured in 1993 (9.27 μg/dl) and 1998
(11.30 μg/dl), we found an increase of 21.90%, whereas the mean values for the girls are practically identical in 1993 (7.35
μg/dl) and 1998 (7.39 μg/dl). In contrast, in the boys and girls of Sestu, the mean blood lead levels decrease from 1993 to
1998 by 55.62% and 29.09% respectively (from 6.71 μg/dl to 4.09 μg/dl in the boys; from 4.71 μg/dl to 3.34 μg/dl in the girls).
In the Sant'Antioco children, we found a 52.65% decrease from 1987 (8.30 μg/dl reported for a sample not subdivided by sex))
to 1998 (3.93 μg/dl for males and females combined). Our results confirm the findings of previous investigations of blood
lead levels in children from Sardinian villages with different environmental risks of lead pollution: the children of Portoscuso
present higher blood lead levels than other groups of Sardinian children. 相似文献
9.
Wang Y Ou YL Liu YQ Xie Q Liu QF Wu Q Fan TQ Yan LL Wang JY 《Biological trace element research》2012,145(2):127-135
In order to explore the associations between trace elements in dietary intake and the other three biological media (blood,
urine, or feces) and inter-element interactions among the latter, we simultaneously collected 72-h diet duplicates, whole
blood, and 72-h urine and feces from 120 free-living healthy males in China. Correlations among the toxic (cadmium [Cd], lead
[Pb]), and nutritionally essential (zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], selenium [Se], iodine [I]) elements
were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation analysis based on analytical data determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass
spectrometry. Dietary Cd intakes were highly correlated with the fecal Cd and blood Cd levels. Inverse correlations were found
for Fe–Cd and Fe–Pb in both diet versus blood and diet versus feces. Cd–Zn and Cd–Se were significantly directly correlated
in the urine and feces. Cd–Se and Pb–Se were negatively correlated in blood. In addition, there existed an extremely significant
association between urinary Se and urinary I. Moreover, the other two highly direct correlations were found for Se–Fe and
for I–Fe in urine. Improved knowledge regarding their mutual associations is considered to be of fundamental importance to
understand more the complex interrelationships in trace element metabolism. 相似文献
10.
Vaghri Z Wong H Barr SI Chapman GE Hertzman C 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(3):1398-1412
Marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) exists in children of industrialized societies and impairs growth and development. MZD is believed
to be one of the most common deficiencies, even though there is no data available on its global prevalence. This is partly
because of the lack of sensitivity and specificity of serum zinc, the most commonly used biomarker of zinc status, to detect
MZD. In children, MZD is always accompanied by a decrease in hair zinc. This cross-sectional study was designed to explore
if there are any associations between some socio-demographic and behavioral variables with hair zinc status in an attempt
to understand the social determinants of MZD and the profile of at risk children. Our citywide survey (n = 719) indicated a mean hair zinc of 116 ± 43 μg/g with 17% below the cutoff. Logistic regression analysis indicated that
age, maternal education, number of adults at home, being described as “eating unhealthy”, and Child Behavior Questionnaire
scores of “activity level” as the significant predictors of hair zinc status. Our study provides important information on
the hair zinc status of Vancouver preschoolers and some factors in children and their environment associated with hair zinc,
which may help in better understanding of hair zinc as a biomarker of MZD. 相似文献
11.
Malarveni Damodaran Lakshmi Priya Arumugam Geetha 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(2):148-158
Autism is a multi-factorial pathology observed in children with altered levels of essential and elevated levels of toxic elements.
There are also studies reporting a decrease in nutritional trace elements in the hair and nail of autistic children with healthy
controls; moreover, bioelements have been shown to play an important role in the central nervous system. Therefore, the purpose
of the present study was to assess the levels of trace elements like copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and selenium
(Se) and toxic elements like mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the hair and nail samples of autistic children and to evaluate
whether the level of these elements could be correlated with the severity of autism. The subjects of the study were 45 autistic
children with different grades of severity (low (LFA), medium (MFA), and high (HFA) functioning autism) according to Childhood
Autism Rating Scale, n = 15 children in each group and 50 healthy children (age and sex matched). The boys and girls ratio involved in this study
was 4:1, and they were 4-12 years of age. The study observed a valid indication of Cu body burden in the autistic children.
The children with different grades of autism showed high significance (p < 0.001) in the level of copper in their hair and nail samples when compared to healthy controls. The level of Cu in the
autistic children could be correlated with their degree of severity (more the Cu burden severe is autism). The study showed
a significant elevation (p < 0.001) in the levels of toxic metals Pb and Hg in both hair and nail samples of autistic children when compared to healthy
control group. The elevation was much pronounced in LFA group subjects when compared among autistic groups MFA and HFA. The
levels of trace elements Mg and Se were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in autistic children when compared to control. The trace element Zn showed significant variation in both hair and
nails of LFA group children when compared to control group and other study groups. The significant elevation in the concentration
of Cu, Pb, and Hg and significant decrease in the concentration of Mg and Se observed in the hair and nail samples of autistic
subjects could be well correlated with their degrees of severity. 相似文献
12.
The effects of environmental lead on the immune system of young children were assessed by determining the peripheral blood
lymphocytes CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, B(CD19+) counts, and natural killer (CD16+ CD56+) cells in 35 preschool children whose mean blood lead level was 140.6 μg/L. The results were compared to an age- and sex-matched
control group with a mean blood lead level of 64.3 μg/L. Compared to the controls, a significant reduction in the percentage
of CD4+ cells and a significant increase of CD8+ cells were seen in the high-lead group. The negative correlation between the percentage of CD4+ cells and blood lead levels was found to be significant (p<0.01). These results suggest that exposure to environmental lead might result in alterations in the immune function of young
children. 相似文献
13.
Trace element content in hair is affected by the age of the donor. Hair samples of subjects from four counties in China where
people are known to have long lifespan (“longevity counties”) were collected and the trace element content determined. Samples
were subdivided into three age groups based on the age of the donors from whom these were taken: children (0–15 years); elderly
(80–99 years); and centenarians (≥100 years). We compared the trace element content in hair of different age groups of subjects.
Support vector machine classification results showed that a non-linear polynomial kernel function could be used to classify
the three age groups of people. Age did not have a significant effect on the content of Ca and Cd in human hair. The content
of Li, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Ni in human hair changed significantly with age. The magnitude of the age effect on trace element
content in hair was in the order Cu > Zn > Ni > Mg > Mn > Cr > Li. Cu content in hair decreased significantly with increasing
age. The hair of centenarians had higher levels of Li and Mn, and lower levels of Cr, Cu, and Ni comparing with that of the
children and elderly subjects. This could be a beneficial factor of their long lifespan. 相似文献
14.
Hassan Imran Afridi Tasneem Gul Kazi Naveed Kazi Ghulam Abbas Kandhro Jameel Ahmed Baig Abdul Qadir Shah Sham Kumar Wadhwa Sumaira Khan Nida Fatima Kolachi Faheem Shah Mohammad Khan Jamali Mohammad Balal Arain Sirajuddin 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(1):20-40
The most common cause of blindness in developing countries is vitamin A deficiency. The World Health Organization estimates 13.8 million children to have some degree of visual loss related to vitamin A deficiency. The causes of night blindness in children are multifactorial, and particular consideration has been given to childhood nutritional deficiency, which is the most common problem found in underdeveloped countries. Such deficiency can result in physiological and pathological processes that in turn influence biological samples composition. Vitamin and mineral deficiency prevents more than two billion people from achieving their full intellectual and physical potential. This study was designed to compare the levels of Zn, Mg, Ca, K, Na, As, Cd, and Pb in scalp hair, blood, and urine of night blindness children age ranged 3–7 and 8–12 years of both genders, comparing them to sex- and age-matched controls. A microwave-assisted wet acid digestion procedure was developed as a sample pretreatment, for the determination of As, Ca, Cd, K, Pb, Mg, Na, and Zn in biological samples of night blindness children. The proposed method was validated by using conventional wet digestion and certified reference samples of hair, blood, and urine. The concentrations of trace and toxic elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The results of this study showed that the mean values of As, Cd, Na, and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair, blood, and urine samples of male and female night blindness children than in referents (p?<?0.001), whereas the concentrations of Zn, Ca, K, and Mg were lower in the scalp hair and blood but higher in the urine samples of night blindness children. These data present guidance to clinicians and other professional investigating deficiency of essential mineral elements in biological samples (scalp hair and blood) of night blindness children. 相似文献
15.
This study addresses the impact of small-scale gold mining on the environment and communities of the Puyango River basin in
the southwest of Ecuador between 1999 and 2001. Our primary objectives were to measure mercury, manganese, and lead in the
river, to identify pathways of population exposure, and biological indicators of human exposure. A multi-method design at
the catchment scale was applied to the analysis of water, sediments, and particulate matter for mercury, lead, and manganese
over two different seasons. A household survey was undertaken, and individuals were assessed for lead (blood samples), and
for mercury (urine and hair samples). River water samples had high concentrations of particulate matter (700 mg/L). Mercury
and lead levels in water at the gold processing plants were very high in both seasons (250 ng Hg/L and 160 μg Pb/L). Mercury
and lead, there was a downstream gradient with the areas adjacent to the gold processing plants having the highest levels.
In Portovelo, the Upper Basin city, 14% of the population reported occupational exposure to inorganic mercury. Although no
one in Portovelo consumes water from the river, 10% of the population consume local fish. This contrasts the Lower Basin where
98% of the population consume fish, and 100% use river water for drinking and cooking. Lead blood levels over 20 μg/dl were
found in 39.4% of the study population and blood mercury over 10 μg/L only in 10.0%. Urinary mercury over 4 μg/L was found
in 66.5% of the examined persons. Hair methylmercury did not exceed the safe limit of 2 μg/g, the mean concentration was 1.2 μg/g.
Mining activity and erosion contributes to heavy-metal contamination (mercury, lead, and manganese) throughout the Puyango
Basin. The relation between environmental contamination is complex and further research is being conducted to understand these
relations. 相似文献
16.
Cheng Y. D. Zhuang G. S. Tan M. G. Zhi M. Zhou W. 《Biological trace element research》1990,(1):737-741
The correlations of essential element Se between human hair and kidney-cortex, liver, and lung from the same subjects were
investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, using the reaction76Se (n, γ)77mSe, for 24 Chinese autopsies. The concentration of Se is higher in kidney-cortex (2.04–5.36 mg/kg) than in liver (0.73–2.29),
lung (0.50–1.85), and hair (0.37–1.43). It is important to know that there are significant relationships of Se concentration
between hair and the other three internal organs. The correlation coefficient by linear regression analysis are 0.639, 0.570,
and 0.635 for liver, lung, and kidney-cortex, respectively; and theP values are all less than 0.01 for the three tissues. 相似文献
17.
Hassan Imran Afridi Tasneem Gul Kazi Naveed Kazi Ghulam Abbas Kandhro Jameel Ahmed Baig Mohammad Khan Jamali Mohammad Balal Arain Abdul Qadir Shah 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(3):368-268
The pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been altered with changes in the balance of certain trace and
toxic elements. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in smoker and nonsmoker
male CVD patients (n = 457) of two age groups (31–45) and (46–60). The both elements were determined in biological samples (scalp hair, blood,
and urine) of CVD patients and healthy referents for comparison purpose. The concentrations of Zn and Cd were measured by
atomic absorption spectrophotometer prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. It was observed that the mean values of Cd
were significantly higher in the biological samples of smokers CVD as compared to nonsmoker CVD patients, while the level
of Zn was lower in both smoker and nonsmoker patients. The concentrations of Zn in whole blood and scalp hair samples were
lower in CVD patients as compared to referents (p > 0.001). Results showed significant changes of levels of Cd and Zn in blood and scalp hair samples of CVD patients when
compared with healthy referents, while reverse in the case of urine samples. It was observed that low Zn levels were associated
with both smoker and nonsmoker CVD patients, while increased cadmium accumulation was observed in smoker patients as compared
to nonsmoker patients (p > 0.025). 相似文献
18.
Milan Dastych Dagmar Procházková Antonin Pokorný Libor Zdražil 《Biological trace element research》2010,133(3):265-269
The purpose of this study was to determine the different levels of copper and zinc in the serum, urine, and scalp hair of
patients with Wilson’s disease receiving different, currently accepted methods of treatment to reduce the copper load (penicillamine—group
1, n = 8; zinc—group 2, n = 8; penicillamine+zinc—group 3, n = 8). Blood, urine, and hair samples were collected from the patients. All three treatments resulted in a significant decrease
of the serum copper levels. Significantly increased levels of zinc in the serum were detected in the patients in groups 2
and 3 (19.1 and 18.8 μmol/l, respectively; p < 0.05). Copper excretion in the urine significantly increased during its administration to groups 1 and 3 (11.5 and 7.94 μmol/24 h
respectively; p < 0.001) due to the effect of penicillamine. The administration of zinc as monotherapy (group 2) or in combination with penicillamine
(group 3) led to an increase of its excretion (25.3 and 22.4 μmol/24 h, respectively; p < 0.01). Only an insignificant rise of the copper content in the hair was found in all three groups of patients. The content
of zinc in the hair did not differ significantly in any of the groups in comparison with the control group. 相似文献
19.
Dale A. Raines Abdulhalim J. Kimsara Mohammed Eid Fawzy Sivanamdam Vasudevam Gamal E. Mohamed Erlinda S. Legayada Sameer Al-Rawithi Adnan El-Yazigi 《Biological trace element research》1999,69(1):59-68
We measured selenium (Se) levels in the urine and blood plasma samples of 72 Saudi Arabian patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
(DCM) and 70 control subjects of the same origin. To correct for differences in the hydration state of the subjects, the selenium
concentration for each urine sample was normalized by dividing it by the concentration of creatinine (CREAT) in the same sample.
The median (and range) of the values found for the concentration of Se in plasma, urine, and normalized concentration in urine
for the control subjects was 1.306 (0.66–2.50) μM, 0.478 (0.05–2.00) μM, and 56.7 (10.6–426.5) μM Se/M CREAT, respectively,
whereas, for the patients, it was 1.246 (0.53–2.45) μM, 0.39 (0.05–1.90) μM, and 75.1 (4.9–656.2) μM Se/M CREAT, respectively.
Additionally, the patients were separated into three subgroups according to the severity of their disease state as judged
by NYHA procedure, and were then compared to the control group. Only group 4 (the most severe state of the disease) had a
significantly lower concentration of urinary Se than the control group. However, the difference became nonsignificant when
normalized for CREAT levels. There was no significant difference in the plasma Se levels between the controls and any of the
patient groups. As the plasma Se in the control group and in the DCM patients both fell on the low end of the “normal” range,
with the patients being marginally lower than the controls, there is no firm evidence from this study to suggest that Se is
related to the high incidence rate of DCM found in Saudi Arabia. 相似文献
20.
The use of hair and bone as media in evaluation of lead exposure was investigated in this study. For 12–16 wk rats were given
tap water containing lead acetate in the following concentrations: 41.7 mg Pb/L, 83.3 mg Pb/L, and 166.6 mg Pb/L. The animals
were sacrificed every 4 wk and their tibia bones and hair were collected for determination of lead content. In control animals,
the lead level amounted to 1.2 μg/g (range 0.8–1.3 μg/g) and 0.7 μg/g (range 0.4–2.0 μg/g) in bone and hair, respectively.
In the treated rats the accumulation of lead in bone and hair occurred in a dose-dependent manner. A positive corelation (r=0.876) was established between the lead levels in bone and hair of the rats. The regression equation was as follows: μg Pb/g
bone=0.842×μg Pb/g hair+1.868. After discontinuation of exposure, a significant decrease in the lead content in bone and hair
was noticed. About 9 wk after cessation of treatment, the lead content in hair declined to the pre-exposure level, but 64%
of the maximal lead concentration did remain in bone. The results of this study indicate that during a continuous exposure
the lead level in hair reflects its content in bone. Such phenomena did not occur during the postexposure period. 相似文献